Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
February 27th, 2012 << back With the right ingredients portions, farmers can make their own quality feed to improve indigenous poultry production.
With the rising cost of poultry feeds, farmers rearing chickens are increasingly finding it difficult to make profit from poultry keeping. While it is difficult for farmers to formulate feeds for hybrid chickens such as broilers and layers, they can do so for their indigenous chickens or dual-purpose breeds such as Kenbro under intensive management system. This can be done using the PearsonSquare method. o!ever, this is only possible if farmers have the right quality of ingredients or ra! material for formulating feeds. The Pearson Square method relies on the "igestible #rude Protein $"#P% as the basic nutritional requirement for feed. The most common ingredients used are !hole mai&e, mai&e germ, cotton seed cake, soya beans, sunflo!er or omena $fishmeal%. Example 1: Feed for ayer! 'ssuming that the farmer !ants to make feed for their chickens using the Pearson Square method, they have to kno! the crude protein content of each of the ingredients used in feed making. The farmer may use !hole mai&e $(.)* + "#P% Soya $,- + "#P% .mena $-- + "#P% and mai&e bran $/ + "#P% Sunflo!er $*- + "#P%. To make a /0 kg bag of feed for layers, a farmer !ould require the follo!ing ingredients1 *, kg of !hole mai&e 2) kg of Soya ( kg of omena 20 kg of mai&e bran 3 kg
of
4ime
$as
calcium
source%
5ach category of chickens has its o!n requirements in terms of nutrition. 6or e7ample, feed for layers should have at least 2( per cent crude protein. 8f one !ere to formulate feed for layers, then they !ould have to calculate the percentage of digestible crude protein in each of the ingredients to ensure that the total crude protein content is at least 2( per cent to meet this nutritional requirement. To find out if the feed meets this standard, a farmer can do a simple calculation as follo!s1 Whole mai&e 9 *, kg 7 (.)* :200 9 ).(0 kg Soya bean 9 2) kg 7 ,- : 200 9 -.,0 kg .mena 9 ( kg 7 -- : 200 9 ,.,0 kg ;ai&e bran 9 20 kg 7 / : 200 9 0./0 kg 4ime 9 3 kg 7 0 : 200 9 0.00 kg "#otal crude protein 1$%$0 k&'
To get the total crude protein content of all these ingredients in a /0 kg bag, you take the total crude protein content of the combined ingredients, divide by /0 and multiply by 200 thus, $2*.*0:/0% 7 200 9
2<.0 +. This sho!s that the crude protein percentage in the above feed formulation is 2<.0 + !hich is suitable for layers. =efore mi7ing the feed, !hole mai&e including the other ingredients has to be broken into the right si&es through crushing or milling to make it palatable for the chickens. 'dd )-0 g of table salt on every /0 kg bag of feed. Feed for chicken! meant for meat
#hickens meant for meat production require feed !ith a higher content of "#P. 6rom the first to the fourth !eek, the chicks require feed !ith a "#P content of bet!een )) to ), per cent. 6rom the fourth to the eighth !eek, the chicks require feed !ith a protein content of )2 to )) per cent crude protein. To attain this requirement, farmers can formulate feed using the same method given above. To make a /0 kg bags of feed, they !ill need to have all the right the ingredients in the proportions given belo!1 Whole mai&e 9 ,0 kg 7 (.)* : 200 9 *.)0 kg .mena 9 2) kg 7 -- : 200 9 3.30 kg Soya beans 9 2, kg 7 ,- : 200 9 3.*0 kg 4ime 9 , kg 7 0 : 200 9 0.00 kg "#otal crude
protein
1(%10
k&'
To determine if a /0 kg bag of feed has adequate crude protein content for birds meant for meat production, the same methods is used1 $23. 20 : /0% 7 200 9 )* +. The feed given in this e7ample has a total crude protein content of )* + !hich is adequate to feed chicken in this category. 8n every /0 kg bag of feed, add )-0g of table salt. )ation for kienye*i chicken!
8ndigenous chickens are less productive in terms of egg and meat increase. They may not require intensive feeding and management. 6or this category of chickens, farmers can constitute feeds !ith a "#P of bet!een 2- > 23 +. They can use the follo!ing formulation to make feeds for the indigenous chickens1 Whole mai&e 9 ** kg 7 (.)* :200 9 )./0 kg ;ai&e or !heat bran 9 2, kg 7 / : 200 9 0.<( kg .mena 9 / kg 7 -- : 200 9 *.(- kg Soya 9 / kg 7 ,- : 200 9 *.2- kg 4ime 9 - kg 7 0 : 200 9 0.00 kg "Total crude protein
20.3(
kg%
Percentage of total crude Protein in the ingredients 9 $20.3( :/0% 7 200 9 2-.)- + 6or farmers rearing hybrid layers and broilers, it is advisable to buy already constituted feeds from reputable companies that sell quality feed. The main reason is that it is very difficult for farmers to constitute micronutrients such as amino-acids, trace minerals, fat and !ater soluble vitamins that these breeds of chicken require for proper gro!th. To be sure that their feed is of the right quality, farmers can send a sample of the constituted feeds for testing and advice to K'?8 @aivasha, !hich has modern equipment for testing feed quality. ' sample costs Ksh 2,000 to test. Send samples by courier to the follo!ing address1 K'?8 @aivasha P... =o7 )-, )022/ @aivasha, Tel. 0/)3 )3, 0*). ?esults are ready !ithin a day.
+ome tip! on how to feed chicken 'n egg-laying chicken requires 2*0 g of feed per day $provide clean !ater at all times%. A 2 chick requires ).) kg of feed for ( !eeks $thus 200 chicks 9 ).) kg 7 2009))0 kg. #hicks should be allo!ed to feed continuously and given adequate clean !ater at all times%. 8f they finish their daily rations, give them fruit and vegetables cuttings to feed on. A 2 pullet $young chicken about to start laying% should be fed ,.- kg of feed for t!o and a half months until the first egg is seen. 8t should then be put on layer diet. Supplement !ith vegetables, edible plant leaves or fruits peelings in addition to the daily feed rations. A 'll ingredients used must be of high quality and palatable. @ever use rotten mai&e $;ao&o%. #hickens are very susceptible to aflato7ins poisoning. A When using omena as an ingredient, ensure it is free of sand and seashells. 8f you use mai&e germ, it should be completely dry. A 6eed should be thoroughly mi7ed to ensure the ingredients are uniformly distributed. 8t is preferable to use a drum mi7er instead of a spade for mi7ing. A @ote that even after giving them the formulated feeds, chickens should be put on free range to scavenge for other micronutrients not provided for in the feeds.
Broilers must perform as top-sportsmen. In a short period of time they must grow as fast as possible keeping bones and intestines in balance with the muscular growth. In order to perform well they need a well balanced diet. Our premixes, concentrates and complete feeds are designed for this job. Broiler feed is divided into four stages as per age of bird: restarter !." to #$ days %tarter !!#& to '( days )insher #!!'* to +& days Finisher 235 days to market
Broiler #", concentrate is designed for use with soya and mai-e . %uggested formulations to make complete feed .#""" kg formula/ Inclusion ratio will be #"" kg conc. er tonne of complete feed
prestarter-----mix 600 kg maize and 300 kg soya doc with 100 kg of starter 10% conc. Starter-----mix 630 kg maize and 2 0 kg soya doc with 100 kg starter 10% conc. Finisher 1 ---mix 6 0 kg maize and 230 kg soya with 100 kg finisher 10% conc. Finisher -11---mix 00 kg maize and 200 kg soya with 100 kg finisher 10% conc.
Broiler *.&, conc is designed for use with soya ,mai-e and 0egetable oil. 1e suggest different formulations with broiler *.&, conc. It may be with oil or without oil.
1e also suggest many formulatins with broiler *.&, like higher meat yield , better fcr and growth, better cost con0ersion ratio and seasonal changes in weather. 2ou can contact us for different formulations. Inclusion ratio will be *& kg conc. er tonne of complete feed. Broiler 5% Starter/Finisher Concentrate
utrena!s Broiler 5% starter/finisher concentrate Broiler &, concentrate de0eloped to sa0e cost on feed. 1e can sa0e more money by using &, conc. 1ith soya ,mai-e oil and limestone powder. 1e also suggest many formulations with &, conc. By using different raw materials and their price. Inclusion ratio will be &" kg conc. er tonne of complete feed Broiler 1% Starter/Finisher Concentrate
Broiler 1% starter/finisher concentrate Broiler #, concentrate is recently designed for own feed manufacturer and big farmers,who can arrange 33, raw materials like soya ,mai-e, bajra, dcp, mbm , salt, mustard doc,sunflower doc, etc at their end. 1e gi0es balance formulations with our #, conc. 4eeping in the mind raw materials and the breed of bird. Inclusion ratio will be #" kg conc. er tonne of complete feed their prices. 5ll our concentrates are well balanced in e0ery manner like protein, energy, amino acid, 0itamins, calcium ,phosphorus trace minerals erc. and e0en we take care of electrolyte balance of feed. ,roiler $0-$. Percent +tarter/Fini!her 0oncentrate
,roiler $.1/$01 !tarter/fini!her concentrate =roiler *-+ starter and *0+ finisher conc are developed to use it !ith grains like mai&e and baBra. "ifferent inclusion levels are recommended !ith these conc. #ontact us for more details.
,roiler complete feed 2e al!o manufacture complete feed! for broiler like:
mashes and crumbs Prestarter mash Ccrumbs Starter mashC crumbs 6inisher mashC pellets
,enefit!
=alance protein level !ith balanced amino acids to ma7imi&e muscle development, full feathering to meet the requirements for optimum performance of meat-type birds. 6ortified !ith vitamins, minerals and trace minerals to enhance health and immune system response. Proper electrolytes balance of feed. =alanced nutrients to support rapid early gro!th. ' high quality feed at an economical price.
Poultry 3ndu!try
8t is believed that the indian Poultry 8ndustry is -,000 years old, since last , decades it began to !itness remarkable gro!th from backyard to poultry industry. The organised sector of poultry industry is contributing nearly /0+ of the total output and the rest *0+ in the unorgani&ed sector. The broiler industry is !ell dominated in southern states in our country !ith nearly 30-/0+ total output coming from these states. The layer industry once again is represented more in southern states especially, 'ndhra Pradesh, Tamil @adu and ;aharashtra producing nearly /0+ of the countryDs egg production. 8ndiaDs /-+ of egg produce is consumed by the )-+ population living in urban and semi-urban areas. Presently about (00 hatcheries are operating in the country.
Per capita con!umption !he "ationa# $nstit%te of "%trition has recommended 1&0 eggs and 11 kg of meat 'er ca'ita cons%m'tion for o%r co%ntry. (t 'resent) *er ca'ita a+ai#a,i#ity of meat is 1.6 kg. *er ca'ita a+ai#a,i#ity of egg is 1.& kg or -2 eggs. (+erage cons%m'tion of eggs in ma.or cities is 1 0 eggs (+erage cons%m'tion of eggs in sma##er cities is -0 eggs ( +erage cons%m'tion of de+e#o'ed r%ra# areas is 20 eggs (+erage cons%m'tion of %nde+e#o'ed r%ra# areas is on#y 5 eggs. /hi#e 20% of $ndian 'o'%#ation is +egetarian.
In spite of this, with the rise of middle class and increased urbani-ation people prefer to go for non-0egetarian. 5bout + million farmers and #& million agrarian farmers are employed in the poultry industry that grow poultry ingredients for feed and contribute about 6s '(,""" crore to the national income. India is the fifth largest producer of egg and ninth largest producer of poultry meat. India was positioned #*th in the world poultry production. 7he Indian poultry production is considered to be the cheapest in the world. 8eading broiler integrators in India are as follows9
0enkateswara 1ro%') *%ne
2%g%na *o%#try Farms 3td) 4oim,atore *ioneer *o%#try 1ro%') 4oim,atore 1odre. (gro+et 3td) 5%m,ai 2ky 3ark gro%') "orth $ndia 6afa com feed
7hese companies account for nearly $", of broiler industry integrators and contracts. ioneer oultry group introduced the concept of contract farming in the year #3:" and the concept of integration was introduced by %uguna farms in #33". oultry farming came to be accepted as a 0iable acti0ity by mid ("s and the real thrust to de0elopment came in #3*# with the establishment of ;enkateswara <atcheries 0t 8td. 7he =entral oultry Breeding )arms laid the foundation for the de0elopment of poultry industry during #3&3. Other agencies such as I=56 .=56I/ contributed much in the 6>? sector.
Commercial Poultry $ndia has emerged as the on#y co%ntry in the de+e#o'ing wor#d a se#f-re#iant) techno#ogy dri+en ind%stry) with ca'a,i#ity to 'rod%ce e+ery essentia# in'%t for s%ccessf%# 'o%#try farming inc#%ding indigeno%s genetic reso%rce and ,reeding) wor#d c#ass 'o%#try +accines and medicines) s'ecific 'athogen free eggs 72*F8) farms and hatchery a%tomation systems) 'e##eted feed) egg 'rocessing) 'o%#try 'rocessing) nationwide network of disease diagnostic #a,oratories and faci#ities for entre'rene%ria# de+e#o'ment and training in ,oth 'ri+ate and '%,#ic sectors. Rural Poultry Production 9%ra# 'o%#try 'rod%ction constit%tes im'ortant com'onent of agric%#t%ra# economy in $ndia) sma## 'o%#try ho#der are 'ractica##y ca'a,#e of more significant contri,%tion to a##e+iate ma#n%trition) 'o+erty and %nem'#oyment. ( s'ectac%#ar 'rogress has ,een made from s%,sistence to s%staina,#e 'rod%ction system. $ndian ,ackyard 'o'%#ation increase is on#y ,y 16% in the #ast 30 years from 60 to 0 mi##ion. 4hina:s 6% of tota# egg comes from r%ra# ,ackyard 'rod%ction. $ndia re;%ires ,oth mass 'rod%ction as we## as 'rod%ction ,y masses. Egg Scenario $ndia 'rod%ces 3.6% of g#o,a# egg 'rod%ction) i.e.) 61 mi##ion tonnes. !he ann%a# growth rate of egg is 5 to &%. $ndia has the #owest cost of egg 'rod%ction in the wor#d at 2.55 <2 cents 'er egg. Value added products !he introd%ction of new 'o%#try 'rod%cts and 'erce'ti,#e shift in eating ha,its are mo+ing 'eo'#e to ,randed food s%ch as chicken y%mmiez) co#d c%ts) ,readed and coated snacks) marinated snacks) chicken n%ggets) canned chicken c%rry) freeze dried chicken '%#ao) meat so%') 'owder om#ette and scram,#ed egg mixt%res) sandwich) 'izza) ,%rger and dia#-achicken and fast food .oints) =ent%cky Fried 4hicken 7=F48) 5c>ona#d:s) /im'y) *izza ?%t a## these are going to change the 'a#ata,i#ity of the chicken cons%mer.
Medical uses 4hicken eggs are %sed to 'rod%ce so%rce of mo#ec%#es to treat snake,ite. >%ck em,ryos are %sed in man%fact%ring anti-ra,ies +accine. >iet eggs or designer eggs are going to ,oost s'ecia# eggs for +itamin @ s%,stit%tion) Amega fatty acids and antioxidant re;%irements. *o%#try eggs and meat ha+e got sensoria#) c%rati+e) n%triti+e and thera'e%tic 'otentia#. *o%#try is #a,o%r intensi+e and has a 'otentia# to create 25)000 more .o,s on the cons%m'tion of one more egg 'er ca'ita and simi#ar#y 25)000 additiona# .o,s on the cons%m'tion of 100 gm more chicken meat. By the year 2010 $ndia is ex'ected to 'rod%ce 260 mi##ion #ayers 7 00 mi##ion eggs8 and 3500 mi##ion ,roi#ers 75.C mi##ion tonnes8. *er ca'ita cons%m'tion of meat wi## ,e aro%nd 3.5 to -.5 kg and eggs wi## ,e aro%nd 65 and it is ex'ected to contri,%te 9s 60)000 crore. "o agric%#t%re sector is growing as fast as the $ndian 'o%#try) making it the most dynamic ra'id#y emerging sector of #i+estock economy. !he ex'ort of 'o%#try meat at 'resent is worth 9s 150 crore and is ex'ected to reach 9s 1)500 crore ,y 2010. $ndian agric%#t%re contri,%tes 2& 'er cent to the 1>* of which 1 % is contri,%ted ,y 'o%#try. *o%#try is the on#y ind%stry where modern techno#ogy co-exists with the traditiona# 'o%#try kee'ing ,eca%se 'o%#try techno#ogy is a''ro'riate) ada'ta,#e) accessi,#e) a+ai#a,#e and afforda,#e ,oth for the rich and the 'oor. Recent positive developments of poultry industry "(B(9> has committed to ,ring a,o%t r%ra# 'ros'erity thro%gh 'o%#try. 5eeting of s%,-gro%' of 'o%#try has asked for f%nds of 9s10C5 crore for 'o%#try de+e#o'ment d%ring the 11th *#an and 9s 30)000 crore for the entire #i+estock sector %nder +ario%s schemes of the 1o+ernment of $ndia. $ndia has res%med egg ex'ort. $F4 7/ashington ,ased $nternationa# Finance 4or'oration8 'icked %' stake in 2%g%na *o%#try farms. 2%g%na *o%#try 'a+es the way for "orth $ndian ex'ansion and introd%ces dia#a-chicken conce't to 'romote +a#%e added 'rod%cts. !ho%sands of ,roi#er farmers wi## rea' the ,enefit. 0enkateswara ?atcheries has decided to %se tennis to 'romote their ,rand 0enky:s. *o%#try farmers to get maize on concessiona# rate to %se it as feed in 'o%#try. =era#a #i+estock de+e#o'ment ,oard cha#ked o%t '#an for 'o%#try to%rism in 5%nnar. *o%#try #itter to fetch car,on credit in (ndhra *radesh with 3.5 mw 'ower '#ant. 1odre. (gro+et 3td introd%ced wide range of 'rocessed chicken in the ,rand name of 1odre. 9ea# 1ood 4hicken.
7he poultry production and consumption in the domestic market is slated to grow. Indian poultry industry has been a major contributor to the food-processing sector in the country. )rom backyard acti0ity to major commercial operation the poultry sector has undergone a paradigm shift. Indian poultry industry has been growing at annual 0arying rates of :-#&, and this growth in the past few decades made India fifth largest producer of eggs and ninth largest producer of
poultry broiler. 5t present the industry is estimated at o0er 6s +",""" crore and is expected to grow o0er 6s (",""" crore by '"#". India produces #,$"" million chickens a year, which is close to '* million a week, of which 3&, is traded ali0e. 5ccording to a market report the poultry production and consumption in the domestic markets is slated to grow by ((, to approximately '.+ million tonnes by '"#". oultry sector is one of the fastest growing industries of the Indian economy than any other sector contributing about @'+" million to the Aross Bational roduct. But in statistical terms the industry has reported a loss of o0er 6s $,""" crore as an aftermath effect of the bird flu crisis. 7he contribution of the small rural farmers points out the importance of integration of the poultry farming and the allied sector. %uguna oultry )arm is the pioneer in poultry integration and contract poultry farming in India, with presence in nine states and membership of about #&,""" contract farmers. %uguna has set an example of integration and contract farming before the industry and has pro0ed to be beneficial for the company. Integration could be the way forward for the entire industry towards expansion and success. resently #"", )oreign ?irect In0estment .)?I/ is permitted in the food processing sector. 5lso )?I in food retailing, co0ering dairy, poultry, marine, 0egetables and fruits might help the entire food processing industry grow. oultry farming in India has transformed from a mere tool of supplementary income and nutritious food for the family to the major commercial acti0ity generating the reCuired re0enue. 7he growth of the industry with steady production of #,:"" million kg of poultry meat, $" billion egg per year and employment generation of about + million people indicates the future prospects for the industry. =hanging food habits, rising income of the middle class Indian, presence of pri0ate players, rising market demand of the Indian poultry produce in the export market are some of the contributing factors to the growth of the industry.
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Purpo!e 5 6or subsidiary activity1 8nvestment credit !ill be provided in the shape of medium term loan for acquiring fi7ed assets !hereas production credit !ill be given to meet the !orking capital requirements in the shape of Short Term 4oan. 8nvestment credit !ill be provided as medium term loan !hereas production credit !ill be given either in the shape of cash credit limit or as an integral component of investment credit.
Eli&ibility 5 6or subsidiary activity1 Small farmers, landless agricultural laborers or any other persons !ho are under-employed and intend to supplement income through poultryG e should be having adequate landCshed !here heCshe proposes to establish poultry farm. The applicant should be !ell e7perienced in running poultry unit and should be engagedC desirous of engaging himself in such an activity on commercial basis as his main vocation. e should be having required landCshed !here he intends to establish or enlarge a poultry farm. ;inimum si&e of the poultry unit to be financed as subsidiary activity should be -00 birds. Extent of oan 5 57tent of loan !ill be need-based.
)epayment of oan 5 Production credit, if given as short term loan, !ould be recovered in ma7imum period of 2(C2) months providing gestation period of 3C* months in the case of layers and broilers, respectively. ?epayment of investment loan shall start after adequate gestation period $up to 2) months in the case of layers and up to * months in the case of broilers%
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