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    Hydraulic Fracturing Is A Process To Stimulate A Natural Gas, Oil, or Geothermal Energy Well To

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    Mengly Khov
    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract oil and natural gas from shale rock formations. It involves injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to create and extend fractures in the rock. This allows more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the wellbore to be collected. Fracking has significantly increased extraction from unconventional shale sources and is used in 90% of oil and gas wells, though it is most commonly used for shale gas production.

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    Hydraulic Fracturing Is A Process To Stimulate A Natural Gas, Oil, or Geothermal Energy Well To

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    Mengly Khov
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    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract oil and natural gas from shale rock formations. It involves injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to create and extend fractures in the rock. This allows more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the wellbore to be collected. Fracking has significantly increased extraction from unconventional shale sources and is used in 90% of oil and gas wells, though it is most commonly used for shale gas production.

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    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract oil and natural gas from shale rock formations. It involves injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to create and extend fractures in the rock. This allows more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the wellbore to be collected. Fracking has significantly increased extraction from unconventional shale sources and is used in 90% of oil and gas wells, though it is most commonly used for shale gas production.

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    30 views3 pages

    Hydraulic Fracturing Is A Process To Stimulate A Natural Gas, Oil, or Geothermal Energy Well To

    Uploaded by

    Mengly Khov
    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract oil and natural gas from shale rock formations. It involves injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to create and extend fractures in the rock. This allows more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the wellbore to be collected. Fracking has significantly increased extraction from unconventional shale sources and is used in 90% of oil and gas wells, though it is most commonly used for shale gas production.

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    Secure energy supply is vital to our modern world.

    As the economy and world population grow, the consumption of energy is larger than ever. Energy shortage is one of the most concerned social and economical issues to our society. Both industrial and domestic lives rely on the energy provided by energy sources from one form or anther. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are the most produced and used energy sources. Mining technologies are required to obtain the raw materials of these energy sources from nature. The energy crisis is due to the limited amount of the natural storages for the energy resources. Therefore, a higher production rate of the raw materials is desired, so that more resources can be extracted

    A slang term for hydraulic fracturing. Fracking refers to the procedure of creating fractures in rocks and rock formations by injecting fluid into cracks to force them further open. The larger fissures allow more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the wellbore, from where it can be extracted. Fracking has resulted in many oil and gas wells attaining a state of economic viability, due to the level of extraction that can be reached. There has been gas drilling in

    NYS for over 100 years in conventional gas plays. But a new drilling process, called high-volume hydraulic fracturing, has made the huge natural gas reserve in the Marcellus Shale recoverable.
    It is clearly visible from the Figure 5 that theres been a surge in shale gas production since roughly 2005. The major reason for this surge in shale gas production is due to surge in new hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, which helps in unlocking vast shale gas formations in states
    hydraulic fracturing is a process to stimulate a natural gas, oil, or geothermal energy well to maximize the extraction. Natural gas has been used as a domestic and industrial fuel source for over a century. It contains more energy per pound than coal. When burned, it produces almost none of the mercury, sulfur dioxide, and particulates that burning coal produces, The extraction of natural gas from shale formations is one of the fastest growing trends in American on shore domestic oil and gas production.1 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the United States has 2,119 trillion cubic feet of recoverable natural gas, about 60% of which is unconventional gas stored in low permeability formations such as

    shale, coalbeds, and tight sands.2 Largescale production of shale gas has become economically viable in the last decade attributable to advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (also called hydro

    Unlike in conventional gas reserves, the gas in the Marcellus is trapped and dispersed throughout the shale in tiny pores, and must be released in a process called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. In each fracking, 2-9 million gallons of water mixed with sand and chemicals are forced through the well into the formation at high pressure to fracture, or crack, the shale. Roughly half the fracking fluid remains in the ground. The rest of it (1,000,000 to 4,000,000 gallons) comes up out of the well and is considered industrial waste and must be disposed of. Each well may be fracked up to ten times during its productive life.
    A. What is hydraulic fracturing?

    B. Conventional reservoirs are those that can be produced at economic flow rates and that will produce economic volumes of oil and gas without large stimulation treatments or any special recovery process. Conventional reservoir is essentially a high to medium permeability reservoir in which one can drill a vertical well, perforate the pay interval, and then produce the well at commercial flow rates and recover economic volumes of oil and gas. C.Unconventional reservoir is one that cannot be produced at economic flow rates. Typical unconventional reservoirs are tight-gas sands, coal-bed methane, heavy oil, and gas shales. Unlike conventional reservoirs, which are small in volume but easy to develop, unconventional reservoirs are large in volume but difficult to develop. Increasing price and the improved technology are the key to their development and the future. Unconventional resources are probably very large, but their character and distribution are not yet well understood. It is known to exist in large quantity but does not flow easily toward existing wells for economic recovery.
    fracturing or fracking).3 Such advances have significantly improved the production of natural gas in numerous basins across the United States,4 including the Barnett, Haynesville, Fayetteville, Woodford, Utica, and Marcellus shale formations (Figure 1). In 2009, 63 billion cubic meters of gas was produced from deep shale formations. In 2010, shale gas production doubled to 137.8 billion cubic meters,5 and the EIA projects that by 2035 shale gas production will increase to 340 billion cubic meters per year, amounting to 47% of the projected gas production in the United States. contains numerous chemical additives as well as propping agents, such as sands, that are used to keep fractures open once they are produced under pressure.7,8

    The chemicals added to fracturing fluid include friction reducers, surfactants, gelling agents, scale inhibitors, acids, corrosion inhibitors, antibacterial agents, and clay stabilizers.9,10 Depending on the site, 1580% of the fracturing fluid injected is recovered as flowback water at the well head.11 In addition, a considerable amount of water that comes to the surface, often called produced water, over the lifetime of the well is highly saline water that originates deep underground in the shale formation. Hydraulic fracturing substantially increases the extraction of natural gas from unconventional sources. The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC) estimates that hydraulic fracturing is used to stimulate production in 90% of domestic oil and gas wells, though shale and other unconventional gas recovery utilizes highvolume hydraulic fracturing to a much greater extent than conventional gas development does.12 Horizontal wells, which may extend two miles from the well pad, are estimated to be 23 times more productive than conventional vertical wells, and see an even greater increase in production from hydraulic fracturing.13 The alternative to hydraulic fracturing is to drill more wells in an area, a solution that is often economically or geographically prohibitive.1

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