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    Rc4 ExampleElements of Information Theory

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    Rohan Ghige
    This document provides an example of using a simplified version of the RC4 stream cipher to encrypt a plaintext message. It initializes the state vector S and key K, performs an initial permutation on S, then generates the key stream by iterating through S and XORing with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. As a result, the plaintext "1002" is encrypted with key "1012" to produce the ciphertext "4003".

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Rc4 ExampleElements of Information Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rohan Ghige
    68 views3 pages
    This document provides an example of using a simplified version of the RC4 stream cipher to encrypt a plaintext message. It initializes the state vector S and key K, performs an initial permutation on S, then generates the key stream by iterating through S and XORing with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. As a result, the plaintext "1002" is encrypted with key "1012" to produce the ciphertext "4003".

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    Elements of Information Theory

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    This document provides an example of using a simplified version of the RC4 stream cipher to encrypt a plaintext message. It initializes the state vector S and key K, performs an initial permutation on S, then generates the key stream by iterating through S and XORing with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. As a result, the plaintext "1002" is encrypted with key "1012" to produce the ciphertext "4003".

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views3 pages

    Rc4 ExampleElements of Information Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rohan Ghige
    This document provides an example of using a simplified version of the RC4 stream cipher to encrypt a plaintext message. It initializes the state vector S and key K, performs an initial permutation on S, then generates the key stream by iterating through S and XORing with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. As a result, the plaintext "1002" is encrypted with key "1012" to produce the ciphertext "4003".

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology

    CSS322

    CSS322 RC4 Example


    Security and Cryptography, Semester 2, 2010
    Prepared by Steven Gordon on 20 December 2010 CSS322Y10S2H03, Steve/Courses/CSS322/Examples/rc4-example.tex, r1576

    Introduction

    Lets consider the stream cipher RC4, but instead of the full 256 bytes, we will use 8 3-bits. That is, the state vector S is 8 3-bits. We will operate on 3-bits of plaintext at a time since S can take the values 0 to 7, which can be represented as 3 bits.

    Example 1

    Assume we use a 4 x 3-bit key, K, and plaintext P as below:


    K = [1 2 3 6] P = [1 2 2 2]

    The rst step is to generate the stream. Initialise the state vector S and temporary vector T. S is initialised so the S[i] = i, and T is initialised so it is the key K (repeated as necessary).
    S = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7] T = [1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6]

    Now perform the initial permutation on S.


    j = 0; for i = 0 to 7 do j = (j + S[i] + T[i]) mod 8 Swap(S[i],S[j]); end

    We will step through for each iteration of i:


    For i = 0: j = (0 + 0 + 1) mod 8 = 1 Swap(S[0],S[1]);

    So in the 1st iteration S[0] must be swapped with S[1] giving:


    S = [1 0 2 3 4 5 6 7]

    The results of the remaining 7 iterations are:


    For i = 1: j = 3 Swap(S[1],S[3]) S = [1 3 2 0 4 5 6 7]; For i = 2: j = 0 Swap(S[2],S[0]); S = [2 3 1 0 4 5 6 7]; Security and Cryptography 1

    Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology

    CSS322

    For i = 3: j = 6; Swap(S[3],S[6]) S = [2 3 1 6 4 5 0 7]; For i = 4: j = 3 Swap(S[4],S[3]) S = [2 3 1 4 6 5 0 7]; For i = 5: j = 2 Swap(S[5],S[2]); S = [2 3 5 4 6 1 0 7]; For i = 6: j = 5; Swap(S[6],S[5]) S = [2 3 5 4 6 0 1 7]; For i = 7: j = 2; Swap(S[7],S[2]) S = [2 3 7 4 6 0 1 5];

    Hence, our initial permutation of S gives:


    S= [2 3 7 4 6 0 1 5];

    Now we generate 3-bits at a time, k , that we XOR with each 3-bits of plaintext to produce the ciphertext. The 3-bits k is generated by:
    i, j = 0; while (true) { i = (i + 1) mod 8; j = (j + S[i]) mod 8; Swap (S[i], S[j]); t = (S[i] + S[j]) mod 8; k = S[t]; }

    The rst iteration:


    S = [2 3 7 4 6 0 1 5] i = (0 + 1) mod 8 = 1 j = (0 + S[1]) mod 8 = 3 Swap(S[1],S[3]) S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5] t = (S[1] + S[3]) mod 8 = 7 k = S[7] = 5

    Remember, that P is:


    P = [1 2 2 2]

    So our rst 3-bits of ciphertext is obtained by: k XOR P1


    5 XOR 1 = 101 XOR 001 = 100 = 4

    The second iteration:


    Security and Cryptography 2

    Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology

    CSS322

    S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5] i = (1 + 1 ) mod 8 = 2 j = (3 + S[2]) mod 8 = 2 Swap(S[2],S[2]) S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5] t = (S[2] + S[2]) mod 8 = 6 k = S[6] = 6

    Second 3-bits of ciphertext are:


    6 XOR 2 = 110 XOR 010 = 100 = 4

    The third iteration:


    S = [2 4 7 3 6 0 1 5] i = (2 + 1) mod 8 = 3 j = (2 + S[3]) mod 8 = 5 Swap(S[3],S[5]) S = [2 4 7 0 6 3 1 5] t = (S[3] + S[5]) mod 8 = 3 k = S[3] = 0

    Third 3-bits of ciphertext are:


    0 XOR 2 = 000 XOR 010 = 010 = 2

    The nal iteration:


    S = [2 4 7 0 6 3 1 5] i = (1 + 3 ) mod 8 = 4 j = (5 + S[4]) mod 8 = 3 Swap(S[4],S[3]) S = [2 4 7 6 0 3 1 5] t = (S[4] + S[3]) mod 8 = 6 k = S[6] = 1

    Last 3-bits of ciphertext are:


    1 XOR 2 = 001 XOR 010 = 011 = 3

    So to encrypt the plaintext stream P with key K with our simplied RC4 stream we get C:
    P = [1 2 2 2] K = [1 2 3 6] C = [4 4 2 3]

    Or in binary:
    P = 001010010010 K = 001010011110 C = 100100010011

    Security and Cryptography

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