HISTORY TIMELINE

WORLD HISTORY TIMELINE FROM ANCIENT HISTORY TO 21ST CENTURY

COPYRIGHT c (SYMBOL) 2010 - www.ithappened.info

Table of Contents
Ancient history..................................................................................................4
100,000 to 800 BC. ..........................................................................................4
800 BC to 300 BC.............................................................................................5
300 BC to 1 BC.................................................................................................6
1 AD to 249 AD................................................................................................8
249 AD to 476 AD (DOUBLE SPACE)..................................................9
Middle Ages .....................................................................................................11
476 AD to 649 AD. ..........................................................................................11
650 AD to 849 AD............................................................................................12
850 AD to 999 AD............................................................................................13
1000 AD to 1149 AD........................................................................................14
1150 AD to 1299 AD........................................................................................15
1300 AD to 1399 AD........................................................................................16
1400 AD to 1492 AD........................................................................................17
Early Modern history........................................................................................18
1492 AD to 1524 AD........................................................................................18
1525 AD to 1554 AD........................................................................................19
1555 AD to 1574 AD........................................................................................20
1575 AD to 1599 AD........................................................................................21
1600 AD to 1624 AD........................................................................................22
1625 AD to 1644 AD........................................................................................23
1645 AD to 1664 AD........................................................................................24
1665 AD to 1679 AD........................................................................................25
1680 AD to 1699 AD........................................................................................26
1700 AD to 1724 AD........................................................................................27
1725 AD to 1754 AD........................................................................................28
1755 AD to 1774 AD........................................................................................30
1775 AD to 1788 AD........................................................................................31
Modern history..................................................................................................32
1789 AD to 1799 AD........................................................................................32
1800 AD to 1806 AD........................................................................................33
1807 AD to 1813 AD........................................................................................34
1814 AD to 1821 AD........................................................................................36
1822 AD to 1830 AD........................................................................................37
1831 AD to 1840 AD........................................................................................39
1841 AD to 1849 AD........................................................................................40
1850 AD to 1859 AD........................................................................................42
1860 AD to 1869 AD........................................................................................43
1870 AD to 1879 AD........................................................................................45
1880 AD to 1889 AD........................................................................................47
1890 AD to 1899 AD........................................................................................48
20th Century history +......................................................................................51
1900 AD to 1905 AD........................................................................................51
1906 AD to 1910 AD........................................................................................52
1911 AD to 1915 AD........................................................................................53

1916 AD to 1918 AD........................................................................................54

1919 AD to 1922 AD........................................................................................55
1923 AD to 1926 AD........................................................................................56
1927 AD to 1931 AD........................................................................................58
1932 AD to 1935 AD........................................................................................59
1936 AD to 1938 AD........................................................................................60
1939 AD to 1941 AD........................................................................................61
1942 AD to 1945 AD........................................................................................62
1946 AD to 1949 AD........................................................................................63
1950 AD to 1953 AD........................................................................................65
1954 AD to 1957 AD........................................................................................66
1958 AD to 1960 AD........................................................................................67
1961 AD to 1964AD.........................................................................................68
1965 AD to 1968 AD........................................................................................69
1969 AD to 1971 AD........................................................................................71
1972 AD to 1974 AD........................................................................................72
1975 AD to 1977 AD........................................................................................73
1978 AD to 1980 AD........................................................................................74
1981 AD to 1983 AD........................................................................................75
1984 AD to 1986 AD........................................................................................76
1987 AD to 1989 AD........................................................................................77
1990 AD to 1991 AD........................................................................................78
1992 AD to 1993 AD........................................................................................79
1994 AD to 1996 AD........................................................................................80
1997 AD to 1998 AD........................................................................................81
1999 AD............................................................................................................82
2000 AD............................................................................................................82
2001 AD............................................................................................................83
2002 AD............................................................................................................84
2003 AD............................................................................................................85
2004 AD............................................................................................................86
2005 AD............................................................................................................87
2006 AD............................................................................................................88
2007 AD............................................................................................................89
2008 AD............................................................................................................90
2009 AD............................................................................................................91

Ancient history
100,000 to 800 BC
100,000 - 20,000 BC
First modern Homo Sapiens in Africa about 100,000 BC. Homo Sapiens settles in
Europe, Asia and Oceania about 40,000 BC. Migrations of Homo Sapiens to
Americas across Bering Straits about 20,000 BC.

10,000 - 5,000
The Ice Age ends about 10,000 BC. Transition from hunter-gatherer society to
agriculture. The first cities emerge in Mesopotamia. First irrigation systems ca. 5,000
BC.

5,000 - 3,000 BC

Rise of the Sumerian Civilization and development of cuneiform writing ca. 3,400
BC. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes, the founder of the first
Egyptian Dynasty ca. 3,100 BC.

3,000 - 2,000 BC
Invention of the Egyptian hieroglyphs ca. 3,000. Legendary king of Uruk,
Gilgamesh builds the famous wall of Uruk ca. 2750. Emergence of Minoan
Civilization on the island of Crete ca. 2700. Construction of the Pyramid of Djoser ca.
2611 BC and the Great Pyramid of Giza by Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops) ca. 2560 BC.
Erection of Stonehenge about 2,500-2200 BC. Rise of Indus Valley Civilization ca.
2500 BC. Foundation of the Akkadian Empire by Sargon of Akkad ca. 2330 BC.
Emergence of the Chinese Civilization under the legendary Xia Dynasty ca. 2100.

2,000 - 1,500 BC
Rise of Assyria under Shamshi-Adad I in the 19th century BC. Foundation of the
Babylonian Empire by Hammurabi in 1792 BC. Hammurabi's Code. Establishment of
the Hittite Empire in the 18th century BC. Collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization
about 1700 BC. Hyksos invasion of Egypt ca. 1650 BC. Shang Dynasty in China ca.
1600 BC. Emergence of the Mycenaean Culture in Greece ca. 1600 BC. Ahmose I
expels the Hyksos from Egypt ca. 1550 BC. Sack of Babylon by Hittite king Mursili I
ca. 1531 BC. Indoaryan arrival to the Indian subcontinent.

1,500 - 1,000 BC
Establishment of the Mitanni Kingdom ca. 1500 BC. Hatshepsut becomes
Egyptian Pharaoh ca. 1479 BC. Collapse of the Minoan civilization about 1450 BC.
Thutmose III overthrows his aunt Pharaoh Hatshepsut ca. 1458 BC. Pharaoh
Akhenaten introduces worship of the sun disc. Pharaoh Tutankhamun dies at age of
18 in 1232 BC. The Battle of Kadesh fought between Egypt under Ramses II and the
Hittites ends indecisively ca. 1274 BC. Israelite exodus from Egypt ca. 1250 BC.
Invasion of the Sea Peoples ca. 1200 BC. Trojan War ca. 1190 BC. Assyria becomes
a major power under Tiglath-Pileser I (1116-1077 BC). The second Chinese dynasty,
the Shang Dynasty is overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty in 1046 BC. Saul unites the
twelve Tribes of Israel and becomes the first king of the Kingdom of Israel in 1012
BC. David succeeds Saul as king of the Kingdom of Israel in 1004 BC.

1,000 - 900 BC
Rigveda, a collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns is composed about 1,000 BC. Rise
of the Olmec Civilization in Mexico about 1,000 BC. Phoenician alphabet is
developed ca. 1,000 BC. Phoenician city Tyre flourishes under King Hiram I (c. 969936 BC). Solomon succeeds his father David as king of the Kingdom of Israel ca. 964
BC. Kingdom of Israel is divided into Israel and Judah on Solomon's death in 926 BC.

900 - 800 BC
Assyria becomes a major power under Ashurnasirpal II (884-859 BC). Carthage is
established by the Phoenicians in 814 BC. Greek alphabet ca. 800 BC. Composition
of Upanishads about 800 BC.

800 BC to 300 BC
800 - 700 BC
The first Olympic games in 776 BC. The foundation of the city of Rome on April
21, 753 BC. The first Greek colony - Cumae is established northwest of Naples ca.
750 BC. Iliad and Odyssey are written by Homer about 750 BC. The First Messenian
War ca. 743-724 BC. Syracuse is founded by Greek settlers from Corinth in 733 BC.
Assyrians under Sargon II conquer the Kingdom of Israel about 722 BC. Niniveh is
made capital of the Assyrian Empire in 705 BC.

700 - 600 BC
Destruction of the city of Babylon by Assyrians in 689 BC. Foundation of Japan
by the legendary Emperor Jimmu on February 11, 660 BC. Assurbanipal destroys the
Elamite capital Susa in 647 BC. The Neo-Babylonian Empire is established by
Nabopolassar in 626 BC. The Draconian constitution ca. 624 BC. Collapse of the
Assyrian Empire in 614 BC. Josiah, King of Judah is killed in the Battle of Megiddo
in 609 BC. Babylonian ruler Nebuchadnezzar II defeats the Egyptians in the Battle of
Carcemish ca. 605 BC. Lydia under Alyattes II (ca. 619-560 BC) becomes the leading
power in Asia Minor. Emergence of Taoism in China.

600 - 500 BC
Marseille is founded by the Greek settlers about 600 BC. Ancient Greek poet
Sappho dies about 600 BC. Solonian Constitution about 594/593 BC. Deportation of
the Jews (known as the Babylonian captivity) by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. The
founder of Buddhism, Siddartha Gautama is born ca. 563 BC. Peloponnesian League
about 550 BC. The Persian Empire is founded by Cyrus the Great about 550 BC.
Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus dies ca. 547 BC. Cyrus the Great conquers the
Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BC. The Greeks from Phocaea are defeated by the
Carthaginians in the Battle of Alalia ca. 535 BC. Rome becomes a republic in 509
BC.

500 - 400 BC
Athenian democracy ca. 500 BC. Themistocles is elected archon in 493 BC. The
citizens of Athens defeat the Persians in the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. Darius I of
Persia dies in 486 BC. The Persians led by Xerxes I defeat the Greek-city states under
the command of Leonidas in the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. The Greek-city
states under the command of Themistocles decisively defeat the Persians in the Battle
of Salamis in 480 BC. The founder of Confucianism, Chinese philosopher Confucius
dies in 479 BC. Xerxes I of Persia is murdered in 465 BC. Beginning of the First
Peloponnesian War in 457 BC. Peace of Callias ends the Persian Wars in 440 BC.
Pericles is elected strategos of Athens in 440 BC. Construction of Parthenon in
Athens is completed in 432 BC. Beginning of the Second Peloponnesian War in 431
BC. Greek historian Herodotus dies in 430 BC. Ancient Greek writer Sophocles dies
ca. 406 BC. The Peloponnesian Wars end with surrender of Athens in 404 BC.

400 - 300 BC
Socrates is sentenced to death in 399 BC. Roman dictator Marcus Furius Camillus
captures the Etruscan city of Veii. Ancient Greek comic poet Aristophanes dies in 385
BC. Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates dies ca. 370 BC. Greek philosopher Plato
dies ca. 348 BC. Peace of Philocrates ends the war between Athens and the Kingdom
of Macedon in 346 BC. Artaxerxes III of Persia conquers Egypt in 343 BC. The
Romans defeat the Latin League in the Latin War in 340 BC. Philip of Macedon
defeats Athens and its allies in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. Philip of Macedon
is murdered in 336 BC and is succeeded by his Alexander III of Macedon commonly
known as Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great launches his expedition against
the Persian Empire in 334 BC capturing Syria, Tyre, Jerusalem, Egypt and Persian
Empire by 330 BC. Alexander's army refuses to continue the march eastward at the
Hyphasis River, India in 325 BC. Alexander the Great dies in Babylon without an heir
on June 13, 323 BC. Establishment of the Maurya Empire in 322 BC. Alexander's
generals Ptolemy, Cassander, Lysimachus and Seleucus divide the Empire of
Alexander the Great among themselves in 321 BC.

300 BC to 1 BC

300 - 200 BC
The Library of Alexandria is founded by Ptolemy I Soter ca. 300 BC. Colossus of
Rhodes is erected ca. 292 BC. Pyrrhic War 282-272 BC. First Syrian War 260-253
BC. First Punic War 264-241 BC. Second Syrian War 260-253 BC. Maya Civilization
in Yucatan ca. 250 BC. The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is founded by Diodotus I,
satrap of Bactria in 250 BC. Third Syrian War 246-241 BC. Rome becomes the
leading Mediterranean power after capturing Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and most of the
Illyria in the western part of today's Balkan Peninsula between 237-227 BC. The Qin
Dynasty becomes the Chinese ruling dynasty in 221 BC. Fourth Syrian War 219-217
BC. Beginning of the Second Punic War in 218 BC. Carthaginian military leader
Hannibal crosses the Alps and invades Italy in 218 BC. Rome takes the initiative in
the Second Punic War in 211/210 BC. The Roman general Scipio Africanus captures
Hispania between 209-206 BC. The Great Wall of China is built between 220-206
BC. The Han Dynasty, the second Imperial Dynasty of China is founded by rebel
leader Liu Bang in 206 BC. Establishment of the silk road under the Han Dynasty 206
BC-220 AD. Scipio Africanus decisively defeats Hannibal in the Battle of Zama in
202 BC. Fifth Syrian War 201-199 BC.

200 - 100 BC
Second Macedon War 200-197 BC. Roman consul Manius Acilius Glabrio defeats
Seleucids under Antiochus III the Great in the Battle of Thermopylae in 191 BC.
Hannibal commits suicide to avoid falling into Roman hands in 183 BC. Foundation
of Aquileia in 181 BC. Third Macedonian War 171-168 BC. Maccabean revolt 167163 BC. The height of Celtic culture ca. 150 BC. Beginning of the Third Punic War in
149 BC. Macedonia becomes a Roman province in 148 BC. Complete destruction of
the city of Carthage by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans suppress the revolt of the
Achaean League in 146 BC. Reform of Tiberius Gracchus 133 BC. Greek historian
Polybius dies ca. 120 BC. Jugurthine War 111-105 BC. The Cibri and their allies the
Teutons defeat the Roman army in 105 BC. Roman consul Gaius Marius defeats the
Cimbri at Vercellae in Cisalpine Gaul in 101 BC.

100 - 50 BC
Collapse of the Celtic culture ca. 100 BC. The Scythians invade India about 100
BC. The Social War 91-88 BC. First Mithridatic War 88-85 BC. Sulla's First Civil
War 88-87 BC. Sulla's Second Civil War 82-81 BC. Third Mithridatic War 74-66 BC.
The War of the Spartacus or the Third Servile War 73-71 BC. Cicero is elected
Roman Consul in 63 BC. First Catilinian Conspiracy 63 BC. First Triumvirate 60 BC.
Alliance between Julius Caesar and Pompey 59 BC. Gallic Wars 58- 51 BC. Roman
general Mark Licinius Crassus is killed by the Parthians at Carrhae (today's Turkey)
in 53 BC.

50 - 1 BC
Caesar's Civil War 49-45 BC. Assassination of Pompey in 48 BC. Assassination
of Caesar on March 15, 44 BC. Mark Antony is defeated in the Battle of Mutina on
April 21, 43 BC. Second Triumvirate is formed on November 11, 43 BC. Cicero is
assassinated on December 7, 43 BC. Herod becomes the Roman governor of Judea in
37 BC. Mark Antony and Cleopatra are decisively defeated in the Battle of Actium on
September 2, 31 BC. Cleopatra commits suicide on August 12, 30 BC. Octavian
captures Alexandria and makes Ptolemaic Egypt a Roman province in 30 BC. The
Principate in Roman Empire 27 BC - 284 AD. Roman poet Virgil dies on September
21, 19 BC. Roman general and defense minister to Octavian, Marcus Vipsanius
Agrippa dies in 12 BC. Roman poet Horace dies on November 27, 8 BC.

1 AD to 249 AD
1 - 49 AD
Birth of Jesus Christ in 1 AD. Roman Emperor Octavian (Augustus) dies on
August 19, 14 AD, and is succeeded by Tiberius. The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
takes place in 9 AD. Germanicus' campaign against the Germans 15-19 AD. The Red
Eyebrow Rebellion results in downfall of Chinese Emperor Wang Mang in 23 AD.
Pontius Pilate becomes the Procurator of Judea in 26 AD. Jesus Christ is crucified in
30 AD. Caligula succeeds Tiberius as Roman Emperor after his death on March 16,
37 AD. Assassination of Caligula on January 24, 41 AD. The Roman conquest of
Britain takes place from 43 to 44 AD.

50 - 99 AD
Buddhism spreads to China about 50-60 AD. Roman Emperor Claudius is
murdered, probably by his fourth wife Agrippina by poison on October 13, 54 AD.
Nero succeeds Claudius as Roman Emperor on October 13, 54 AD. Nero orders
assassination of his mother Agrippina in 59 AD. Christians are blamed for the Great
Fire of Rome erupting on July 18-19, 64 AD. Roman philosopher Seneca is forced to
commit suicide in 65 AD. Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide on June 9, 68 AD.
The Year of the Four Emperors - Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian in 69 AD.
Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem by Titus in September 70 AD. Composition
of the New Testament after 70 AD. Mass suicide at Masada in 73 AD. Establishment
of the Kushan Empire ca. 80 AD. Titus succeeds Vespasian as Roman Emperor on
June 24, 79 AD. Completion of the Colosseum in 80 AD. Construction of Limes
Germanicus starts in 83 AD. Roman Emperor Domitianus is assassinated on
September 18, 96 AD. Trajan becomes Roman Emperor on January 27, 98 AD.

100 - 149 AD
Jewish historian Josephus (Flavius) dies ca. 100 AD. Chinese eunuch Cai Lun
invents paper in 105 AD. Dacia becomes Roman province in 106 AD. Nabatean
kingdom is annexed by the Roman Empire becoming province of Arabia in 106 AD.
Roman historian Tacitus dies ca. 115 AD. Hadrian succeeds Trajan as Roman
Emperor on August 11, 117 AD. Construction of Hadrian's Wall between 122-136
AD. Greek historian Plutarch dies about 125 AD. Bar Kokhba revolt 132-136 AD.
Antoninus Pius succeeds Hadrian as Roman Emperor on July 10, 138 AD.
Construction of Antonine Wall between 142-143 AD.

150 - 199 AD
Nok Culture flourishes in Nigeria about 150 AD. The Roman-Parthian War 161166 AD. First Marcomannic War 166-174 AD. Marcus Aurelius make his son
Commodus co-emperor on November 23, 176 AD. Second Marcomannic War 177180 AD. Marcus Aurelius dies from plague on March 17, 180 AD. Commodus is
assassinated by praetorian prefect Quintus Aemilius Laetus on August 31, 193 AD.
Galen, a Roman physician of Greek origin dies in 199 AD.

200 - 249 AD
Caracalla orders assassination of his brother Geta and becomes sole Emperor late
in December 211 AD. Roman Emperor Caracalla is murdered on April 8, 217 AD.
End of the Han Dynasty in 220 AD. Foundation of the Sassanid Empire by Ardashir I
in 224 AD. Limes Germanicus is abandoned in 233/234 AD. Maximinus I (Thrax)
becomes the first of the so-called barrack emperors on March 20, 235 AD. The Crisis
of the Third Century 235-284 AD. Invasions of the Germanic peoples after 240 AD.
Decian Persecution of the Christians 249-251 AD.

249 AD to 476 AD

250 - 299 AD
Mithraism reaches its height of popularity in the Roman Empire about 250 AD.
Formation of the Gallic Empire by Roman military commander Postumus in 259 AD.
China is unified under the Jin Dynasty in 265 AD. Roman Emperor Claudius II
(Gothicus) defeats the Goths in the Battle of Naissus (today's Ni) in 269 AD. Roman
Emperor Aurelian conquers the Palmyrene Empire ruled by Queen Zenobia in 273
AD and the so-called Gallic Empire in 274 AD. Mani, the founder of Manichaeism
dies on February 26, 277. Diocletian becomes Roman Emperor on November 20, 284
AD. Tetrarchy in the Roman Empire 293-313 AD.

300 - 349 AD
Beginning of the Migration period about 300 AD. Kama Sutra is composed ca.
300 AD. The Diocletianic Persecutions of Christians 303 AD. Constantine the Great
becomes Roman Emperor on July 25, 306 AD. Constantine the Great defeats his rival
Maxentius in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge on October 28, 312 AD. Proclamation
of religious toleration by the Edict of Milan in 313 AD. Council of Nicaea is held in
325 AD. Division of the Roman Empire between the sons of Constantine the Great Constans I, Dalmatius and Constantinus II on Constantine's death on May 22, 337
AD. Division of Roman Empire into western and eastern parts between Constans I
and Constantinus II after Dalmatius' death in 337 AD.

350 - 399 AD
The Liguge Abbey is established by Saint Martin of Tours in 361 AD. The Huns
invade Europe ca. 375 AD. Roman Emperor Valens is killed in the Battle of
Adrianople against the Goths on August 9, 378 AD. Second Ecumenical Council is
held in 381 AD. The rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty begins in China in 386 AD.
Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius the Great defeats Western Roman Emperor
Eugenius in the Battle of the Frigidus on September 6, 394 AD, and reunites the
Roman Empire. Permanent division of Roman Empire into western and eastern parts
after death of Theodosius the Great on January 17, 395 AD.

400 - 449 AD
The Romans withdrew from Britain in 407 AD. Establishment of the Visigothic
Kingdom with capital in Toulouse in 418 AD. Sack of Rome by Visigoths on August
28, 410 AD. Saint Jerome dies on September 30, 420 AD. Establishment of the
Vandal Kingdom in North Africa by Genseric in 429 AD. Saint Augustine dies on
August 28, 430 AD. Roman general Flavius Aetius destroys the Burgundian Kingdom
in 436 AD. Attila the Hun becomes sole ruler ca. 445 AD.

450 - 476 AD
Beginning of the conquest of Britain by Angles, Saxons and Jutes ca. 450 AD.
Roman general Flavius Aetius defeats the Huns under the command of Attila the Hun
in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in 451 AD. Nestorius, Patriarch of
Constantinople and founder of Nestorianism dies in 451 AD. Gepids under Ardaric
decisively defeat the Huns in the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. Roman general Flavius
Aetius is slain by Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III on September 21, 454 AD.
Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III is assassinated on March 16, 455 AD. Sack
of Rome by the Vandals under Genseric on June 6, 455 AD. Germanic chieftain
Odoacer deposes the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus on August
23, 476 AD.

Middle Ages
476 AD to 649 AD
476 - 499 AD

Collapse of the Western Roman Empire on August 23, 476 AD. King of the
Vndals, Genseric dies on January 25, 477 AD. The founder of the Merovingian
dynasty, Clovis I defeats the last Roman official in Gaul at Soissons in 486 AD. King
of Ostrogoths, Theodoric the Great kills Odoacer with his bare hands on March 15,
493 AD. Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy is founded by Theodoric the Great on March
15, 493 AD. The first East-West Schism occurs in 494 AD. Clovis I converts to
Christianity in 498 AD.

500 - 549 AD
Tiahuanaco Culture at the Lake Titicaca ca. 500 AD. Gundobad defeats his
brother Godegisel and becomes sole ruler of the Kingdom of Burgundy in 501 AD.
Clovis I defeats the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouille in 507 AD. The Frankish
Kingdom is divided between the four sons of Clovis I on his death on November 27,
511 AD. Visigothic king Theodoric the Great dies in Ravenna on August 8, 526 AD.
Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor on August 1, 527 AD. Corpus Juris Civilis,
the first code of civil laws is issued on order of Justinian I after 528 AD. The first
monastery of Monte Cassino is established by Benedict of Nursia ca. 529 AD. Nika
riots in Constantinople in 532 AD. Buddhism becomes the state religion in Japan in
538 AD. Byzantine general Belisarius captures Ravenna in 540 AD. New Visigothic
king Totila recaptures Italy from the Byzantine Empire in 541 AD. Bubonic plague
spreads in Europe in 543 AD. Byzantine Empress Theodora dies on June 28, 548 AD.

550 - 599 AD
Byzantine general Narses decisively defeats the Visigoths in Italy in 522 AD.
Chlotar I unites the Frankish Kingdom in 558 AD. Byzantine historian Prokopios dies
ca. 559 AD. The Frankish Kingdom is divided into 4 kingdoms with capitals in
Soissons, Orleans, Rheims and Paris among sons of Chlotar I after his death on
November 29, 561 AD. Construction of Hagia Sophia in 563 AD. Byzantine Emperor
Justinian I dies on November 11, 565 AD. The formation of Neustria, Austrasia and
Burgundy on the death of Charibert I, King of Paris in 567 AD. Lombard king Alboin
dies on June 28, 572 AD. Christianization of the Iberian Peninsula in 587 AD. The
founder of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian or Emperor Wen of Sui unites China in 589
AD. Establishment of the Excarchate of Ravenna in 592 AD. Gregory of Tours dies
on November 17, 594 AD. Saint Augustine of Canterbury introduces Christianity to
England in 597 AD.

600 - 649 AD
The city of Teotihuacan flourishes ca. 600 AD. Pope Gregory the Great dies on
March 12, 604 AD. An empire is established by Harsha (Harshavardhana) in Northern
India in 606 AD. The founder of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan overthrows the Sui
Dynasty in 618 AD. The Tibetan Empire flourishes under Songtsan Gampo (r. 618650 AD). Muhammad flees from Mecca to Medina in July 622 AD. Byzantine
Emperor Heraclius decisively defeats the Sassanids in the Battle of Nineveh in 627
AD. Muhammad captures Mecca in January 630 AD. Muhammad dies on June 8, 633
AD. The Arabs under Umar the Great capture Jerusalem in 638 AD. The Arabs
conquer Egypt between 639-641 AD. Umar the Great is murdered on November 3,
644 AD.

650 AD to 849 AD
650 - 699 AD
The Fourth Ecumenical Council is held at Chalcedon in 451 AD. Caliph Uthman
ibn Affan orders compilation of the Qur'an in 653 AD. Caliph Ali is assassinated on
January 24, 661 AD. The Byzantines use the so-called Greek fire for the first time in

678 AD. Austrasian mayor of the palace, Pepin the Heristal defeats Theuderic III,
king of the Franks in the Battle of Tertry in 687 AD. The only female emperor of
China, Wu Zhao founds the Zhou Dynasty in 690 AD. Dome of the Rock is built in
691 AD. The first doge is elected in Venice in 697 AD. The Arabs capture and
devastate Carthage in 698 AD.

700 - 749 AD
Zapotec Civilization flourishes ca. 700 AD. Caliph Abd al-Malik dies on October
8, 705 AD. The Moors invade the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. The last Visigothic
king Roderic is killed in the Battle of Guadalete in 711 AD. Charles Martel becomes
Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Mayor of the Palace of Neustria in 717 AD. The
Moors invade southern France in 721 AD. Charles Martel defeats the Muslims in the
Battle of Tours in October 732 AD. Saint Bede the Venerable dies on May 26, 735
AD. Charles Martel is succeeded by his sons Carloman as Mayor of the Palace of
Austrasia and Pepin the Short as Mayor of the Palace of Neustria in 741 AD. Pepin
the Short deposes the last Merovingian king Childeric III in 743 AD. Pepin the Short
becomes sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom on retreat of his brother Carloman to a
monastery in 747 AD.

750 - 799 AD
The Umayyads are overthrown by the Abbasids in 750 AD. Pepin the Short is
anointed King of Franks by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz at Soissons in 751 AD.
Saint Boniface is killed by the Frisians on June 5, 754 AD. The Emirate of Cordoba is
founded by Abd-ar-Rahman I in 756 AD. Chinese poet, painter and statesman Wang
Wei dies in 759 AD. Chinese poet Li Bai dies in 762 AD. Baghdad is made capital of
the Abbasid Caliphate in 763 AD. Charlemagne becomes sole ruler of the Kingdom of
the Franks on December 4, 771 AD. Charlemagne captures Pavia and declares himself
King of the Lombards. The Massacre of Verden occurs in 782 AD. The Abbasid
Caliphate reaches its height under Harun al-Rashid (r. 786-809 AD). The Second
Council of Nicaea ends the iconoclasm on October 23, 787 AD. The Mezquita is
completed during the reign of Hisham I of Cordoba 788-796 AD. The Vikings destroy
the abbey on the island of Lindisfarne on June 8, 793 AD.

800 - 849 AD
Wari Civilization reaches its zenith ca. 800 AD. Borobudur is built ca. 800 AD.
Charlemagne is crowned emperor by Pope Leo III on December 25, 800 AD. Louis
the Pious captures Barcelona on December 28, 801 AD. Alcuin of York dies on May
19, 804 AD. Charlemagne dies on January 28, 814 AD. Michael II the Amorian
becomes Byzantine Emperor in 820 AD. Governor of Persia, Tahir ibn Husayn
declares independence from the Abbasid Caliphate in 822 AD. Egbert of Wessex
unites the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms under his authority in 829 AD. Great
Moravia is established by Mojmir I in 830 AD. Lothair I, Louis the German and
Charles the Bald divide the Carolingian Empire between themselves with the Treaty
of Verdun on August 10, 843 AD. The Kingdom of Alba is founded by Kenneth
MacAlpin in 844 AD. Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution by Tang Emperor Wuzong in
844 AD.

850 AD to 999 AD
850 - 899 AD
Ghana Empire flourishes ca. 850 AD. Rurik, Varagian chieftain and founder of
the Rurik Dynasty becomes Prince of Novgorod in 862 AD. The Photian schism
between the Eastern and Western Churches between 863-867 AD. Boris I of Bulgaria
is baptized in 864 AD. The founder of the Macedonian dynasty, Basil I becomes

Byzantine Emperor on September 23, 867 AD. Islamic philosopher and scientists AlKindi dies in 870 AD. Eastern part of the Carolingian Empire is partitioned between
the three sons of Louis the German on his death on June 28, 876 AD. Western part of
the Carolingian Empire fells into decline after death of Charles the Bald on October 6,
877 AD. King of Wessex, Alfred the Great defeats the Danes in the Battle of
Ethandun in 878 AD. Oleg of Novgorod captures Kiev in 882 AD. King of East
Francia, Charles the Fat unites the Carolingian Empire in 885 AD. Alfred the Great
dies on October 26, 899 AD.

900 - 949 AD
A Norwegian Viking Gunnbjorn Ulfsson discovers Greenland ca. 900 AD.
Collapse of the Classic Maya Civilization ca. 900 AD. The Hungarians defeat the
Bavarian army under the command of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria in the Battle of
Pressburg on July 5, 907 AD. The fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907 AD is followed by
the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The last Carolingian ruler of East
Francia, Louis the Child dies on November 10, 911 AD. King of West Francia,
Charles the Simple gives Normandy to the Viking leader Rollo as a fief. Gorm the
Old becomes King of Denmark ca. 920 AD. Henry I the Fowler becomes King of
Germany on May 15, 919 AD. Persian philosopher and physician Rhazes dies on
October 27, 925 AD. Arab astronomer Al-Batani dies in 929 AD. Saint Wenceslaus I,
Duke of Bohemia is killed in a plot on September 29, 935 AD. Otto I is crowned King
of Germany on August 8, 936 AD. Athelstan of England defeats the combined NorseCeltic forces in the Battle of Brunanburh and claims the title king of all Britain in 937
AD.

950 - 999 AD
The first monasteries are built in the Mount Athos ca. 950 AD. Otto I decisively
defeats the Hungarians in the Battle of Lechfeld on June 6, 955 AD. Byzantine
Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus dies on November 11, 959 AD. Danish
king Harald "Bluetooth" is baptized ca. 960 AD. The Song Dynasty becomes the
ruling dynasty in China ca. 960 AD. Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor on
February 2, 962 AD. The first historical ruler of Poland, Mieszko I converts to
Christianity in 966 AD. The Fatimids capture Egypt in 969 AD. The fist Nordic
settlement in Greenland is founded by Eric the Red ca. 980 AD. Hugh Capet succeeds
the last Carolingian ruler in West Francia and becomes the first King of France in July
3, 987 AD. Vladimir I of Kiev converts to Christianity in 988 AD. Otto III is crowned
Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory V on June 21, 996 AD.

1000 AD to 1149 AD
1000 - 1059 AD
Leif Ericson discovers America ca. 1000 AD. Saint Stephen becomes the first
King of Hungary in 1001 AD. Henry II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope
Benedict VIII on February 14, 1012 AD. Canute the Great defeats the English army
under the command of Edmund II (Ironside) in the Battle of Ashingdon on October
18, 1016 AD. The first King of Poland, Boleslaw I the Brave dies in 1025 AD.
Byzantine Emperor Basil II the Bulgar-slayer dies on December 15, 1025 AD. Olaf II
of Norway is killed in the Battle of Stiklestad on July 29, 1030 AD. Canute the Great,
King of England (1016), Denmark (1018) and Norway (1028) dies on November 12,
1035 AD. Ferdinand I the Great unites Castile and Leon in 1037 AD. Persian
physician Avicenna dies in 1037 AD. Edward the Confessor is crowned King of
England on April 3, 1043 AD. Unification of Burma (Myanmar) under Anawrahta in
1044 AD.

1050 - 1099 AD
Poland fells into decline after death of Yaroslaw I the Wise in 1054 AD. The
Great Schism occurs on July 16, 1054 AD. Seljuks capture Baghdad in 1055 AD.
Macbeth of Scotland is killed in the battle at Lumphanan in 1057 AD. William the
Conqueror, Duke of Normandy defeats the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, Harold
II in the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066 AD. The Seljuk Turks defeat the
Byzantine forces and capture Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes in the Battle
of Manzikert on August 19, 1071 AD. The Normans capture Sicily from the Arabs in
1072 AD. The Investiture Controversy between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV,
Holy Roman Emperor breaks out in 1075 AD. Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile
capturers Toledo and proclaims himself Emperor of all Spain in 1085 AD. The
Domesday Book is completed in 1086 AD. El Cid captures Valencia in 1094 AD.
Pope Urban II calls for the Crusade to free the Holy Land at the Council of Clermont
on November 27, 1095 AD. The first Crusade launched in 1096 ends with conquest of
Jerusalem on July 15, 1099 AD.

1100 - 1149 AD
The founder of the Carthusian Order, Saint Bruno of Cologne dies on October 6,
1101 AD. Philip I of France and Pope Paschal II settle the Investiture Controversy in
France in 1106 AD. Pope Paschal II and Henry I of England resolve the Investiture
Controversy in England in 1107 AD. The Concordat of Worms ends the Investiture
controversy between the Holy Roman Empire and the papacy on September 23, 1122
AD. The Knights Templar are founded in 1119 AD. Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
and the last ruler of the Salian dynasty dies on May 23, 1125 AD. The Khmer Empire
flourishes under Suryavarman II ca. 1125 AD. Angkor Wat is built ca. 1125 AD. The
Jingkang Incident occurs in 1127 AD. Roger II is crowned King of Sicily on
December 25, 1130 AD. Stephen of Blois succeeds Henry I as King of England on
December 12, 1135 AD. Conrad III of the House of Hohenstaufen is elected German
king on March 7, 1138 AD. Alfonso I becomes the first King of Portugal on July 25,
1139 AD. Catharism spreads in northern Italy and southern France ca. 1140 AD. The
Second Crusade is launched in 1146 AD. Alfonso I captures Lisbon from the Moors
in 1147 AD.

1150 AD to 1299 AD
1150 - 1199 AD
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux dies on August 20, 1153 AD. Nicholas Breakspear
becomes the first and the only Englishmen to be elected Pope (Adrian IV) on
December 4, 1154 AD. Frederick I Barbarossa is crowned Holy Roman Emperor on
June 18, 1165 AD. Thomas Becket is assassinated in the Canterbury Cathedral on
December 29, 1170 AD. Sultan Saladin captures Jerusalem on October 6, 1187 AD.
The Third Crusade also known as the King's Crusade is launched in 1189 AD.
Richard the Lionheart succeeds Henry I as King of England on July 6, 1189 AD.
Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River during the Third Crusade on June
10, 1190 AD. Establishment of Kamakura shogunate in Japan on August 21, 1192
AD. Sultan Saladin dies on March 4, 1193 AD. Innocent III is elected Pope on
January 8, 1198 AD. Richard the Lionheart dies on April 6, 1199 AD.

1200 - 1249 AD
Chimu Culture flourishes ca. 1200 AD. The Kingdom of Cuzco is established by
Inca ca. 1200 AD. Philip II of France captures Normandy in 1204 AD. The Fourth
Crusade ends with conquest and sack of Constantinople on April 13, 1204 AD.
Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 AD. Timujin (Gengis Khan) is

proclaimed Khan of all Mongols in 1206 AD. The Albigensian Crusade takes place
between 1209-1229 AD. Combined Christian forces under the command of Alfonso
VIII of Castile decisively defeat the Moors in the Battle of las Navas de Tolosa on
June 16, 1212 AD. The Children's crusade takes place in 1212 AD. Philip II of France
decisively defeats John I of England and Otto IV of Brunswick in the Battle of
Bouvines on July 27, 1214 AD. John I of England signs the Great Charter (Magna
Carta) on June 15/18, 1215 AD. Gengis Khan captures Beijing in 1215 AD. The First
Barons' War 1215-1217 AD. Pope Innocent III dies on July 16, 1216 AD. The
founder of the Dominicans, Saint Dominic dies in 1221 AD. The Mongols decisively
defeat the forces of Kievan Rus in the Battle of Kalka River on May 31, 1223 AD.
The founder of the Franciscans, Saint Francis of Assisi dies on October 3, 1226 AD.
Gengis Khan dies in 1227 AD. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II launches the Sixth
Crusade in 1228 AD. Beginning of the Inquisition in 1232 AD. Mongol invasion of
the Kievan Rus in 1240 AD. The Mongols defeat Polish forces in the Battle of
Legnica on April 9, 1241 AD and Hungarian king Bela IV in the Battle of Mohi two
days later. Establishment of the Golden Horde in 1243 AD. Seventh Crusade is
launched by Louis IX of France in 1248 AD. Mamluks assume power in Egypt in
1249 AD.

1250 - 1299 AD
The Abbasid Caliphate comes to an end in 1258 AD. Kublai Khan becomes the
Great Khan of the Mongol Empire in 1260 AD. Michael VIII Palaiologos captures
Constantinople from the Latin Empire and restores the Byzantine Empire on July 25,
1261 AD. The Second Barons' War 1264- 1267 AD. Louis IX of France dies during
the Eight Crusade on August 25, 1270 AD. Marco Polo travels to China in 1271 AD.
Edward I becomes King of England on November 20, 1272 AD. Rudolph I of
Habsburg is elected German king on September 11, 1273 AD. Saint Thomas Aquinas
dies on March 7, 1274 AD. A rebellion against the French/Angevin rule known as the
Sicilian Vespers breaks out in Sicily on March 30, 1282 AD. The Genoese decisively
defeats the Pisan fleet in the Battle of Meloria in 1284 AD. Acre, the last Crusader
stronghold in the Holy land falls in 1291 AD. Philip IV of France seizes Flanders in
1297 AD. Edward I of England defeats the Scots under command of William Wallace
in the Battle of Falkirk on July 22, 1298 AD.

1300 AD to 1399 AD
1300 - 1349 AD
The Ottoman dynasty is founded by Osman I ca. 1300 AD. The White Guelphs
(opposers of the papal influence) are exiled from Florence by the Black Guelphs
(supporters of the Papacy) in 1302 AD. Philip IV of France orders arrest of the
Knights Templar on October 13, 1307 AD. Beginning of the Avignon Papacy in 1309
AD. Berthold Schwarz, a Franciscan monk discovers gunpowder in 1313 AD. Robert
the Bruce decisively defeats the English forces in the Battle of Bannockburn on June
24, 1314 AD. Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high reunites the Kingdom of Poland in 1320
AD. Dante Alighieri, author of the Divine Comedy dies on September 14, 1321 AD.
The Treaty of Edinburgh- Northampton recognizes the Scottish independence on May
4, 1328 AD. Charles IV, the last male of the senior Capetian line dies on February 1,
1328 AD. Philip VI of the House of Valois is elected King of France on May 27, 1328
AD. Outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337 AD. Edward III of England defeats
the French in the Battle of Sluis on June 24, 1340 AD. Edward III of England severely
defeats the French forces in the Battle of Crecy on August 26, 1346 AD. The plague
known as the Black Death reaches its peak between 1348 and 1350 AD.

1350 - 1399 AD
Tenochtitlan is founded by the Aztecs ca. 1350 AD. The Ottomans capture
Galipoli from the Byzantine Empire in 1354 AD. The Ming Dynasty becomes the
ruling Dynasty in China in 1368 AD. Ottoman Sultan Murad I captures Adrianople in
1361 AD. The last Polish king of the Piast dynasty, Casimir III the Great dies on
November 5, 1370 AD. Timur rises to power in 1370 AD. Robert II of the House of
Steward becomes the King of the Scots on February 22, 1371 AD. Petrarch, "Father
of the Humanism" dies on July 18, 1374 AD. Boccaccio, author of Decameron dies on
December 21, 1375 AD. Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome and ends the Avignon
Papacy on January 17, 1377 AD. English theologian and reformist John Wycliffe dies
on December 13, 1384 AD. John I of Portugal decisively defeats John I of Castile in
the Battle of Aljubarrota on August 14, 1385 AD. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian
union through marriage of Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila and Queen Jadwiga in
1386 AD. The Ottoman Turks defeat the Serbian forces under the command of Knez
Lazar in the Battle of Kosovo on June 28, 1389 AD. The Yi Dynasty becomes the
ruling dynasty in Korea in 1392 AD. The Ottomans conquer Bulgaria in 1396 AD.
Denmark, Sweden and Norway are joined into the Kalmar Union under Eric of
Pomerania on June 20, 1397 AD. Timur conquers and destroys Delhi in 1398 AD.
Richard II of England is deposed on September 29, 1399 AD.

1400 AD to 1492 AD
1400 - 1449 AD
The first Duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Visconti dies on September 3, 1402 AD.
The Council of Pisa held between March 25 and August 7, 1409 AD fails to end the
Western Schism. Polish- Lithuanian forces decisively defeat the Teutonic Knights in
the Battle of Tannenberg (Grunwald) on July 15, 1410 AD. The Council of Constance
is opened on November 5, 1414 AD. Bohemian religious leader Jan Hus is burned at
the stake on July 7, 1415 AD. Henry V of England decisively defeats the French
forces in the Battle of Agincourt on October 25, 1415 AD. Parakramabahu I unifies
Sri Lanka under his authority in 1415 AD. The Council of Constance ends the
Western Schism with election of Pope Martin V on November 11, 1417 AD. Henry
the Navigator conquers Ceuta, a Muslim port in North Africa in 1415 AD. The First
Prague Defenestration occurs on July 30, 1419 AD. The Hussite Wars 1420-1434 AD.
The Yongle Emperor moves capital of China to Beijing in 1421. Joan of Arc lifts the
Siege of Orleans on May 8, 1429 AD. The Aztec Empire is established ca. 1430 AD.
Joan of Arc is burned at the stake on May 30, 1431 AD. Sigismund, King of Hungary,
Bohemia, Lombardy and Germany is crowned Holy Roman Emperor on May 31,
1433 AD. The founder of the Medici dynasty, Cosimo the Elder assumes power in
Florence in 1434 AD. Emergence of the Inca Civilization in 1438 AD. Flemish
painter Jan van Eyck dies on July 9, 1441 AD. Ottoman Sultan Murad II decisively
defeats the combined Polish-Hungarian forces in the Battle of Varna on November
10, 1444 AD. Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press ca. 1445 AD.

1450 - 1492 AD
Machu Picchu is built by the Incas ca. 1450 AD. Italian condottiero, Francesco
Sforza assumes power in Milan in 1450 AD. Frederick III is the last Holy Roman
Emperor to be crowned in Rome on March 9, 1453 AD. The Hundred Years' War
ends with English withdrawal without a formal peace treaty in 1453 AD. The Fall of
Constantinople on May 29, 1453 AD. The outbreak of the Wars of the Roses on May
22, 1455 AD. The Ottoman Turks conquer Serbia in 1459 AD. The Second Peace of
Torun is signed by the Teutonic Knights and Polish-Lithuanian union on October 19,

1466 AD. The Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of
Aragon marry in 1469 AD. Edward IV of England orders assassination of the deposed
Lancastrian king Henry VI on May 21, 1471 AD. The Burgundian War 1474-1477
AD. Wallachian Prince Vlad III the Impaler (Dracula) dies in December 1476 AD.
The establishment of the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 AD. Grand Prince of Moscow,
Ivan III the Great liberates Russia from the Mongol yoke in 1480 AD. Pope Innocent
VIII issues a papal bull Summis desiderantes affectibus recognizing the existence of
witches on December 5, 1484 AD. Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) decisively defeats
the Yorkist king Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth Field and ends the Wars of the
Roses on August 22, 1485 AD. Bartolomeu Dias sails around the southernmost tip of
Africa in 1488 AD. Lorenzo de'Medici known as Lorenzo the Magnificent dies in
April 9, 1492 AD. Rodrigo Borgia is elected Pope (Alexander VI) on August 10, 1492
AD.

Early Modern history

1492 AD to 1524 AD
1492 - 1499 AD
Christopher Columbus discovers America on October 12, 1492 AD. Maximilian I
succeeds his father, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III on August 19, 1493 AD.
Spain and Portugal divide the newly discovered lands outside Europe with the Treaty
of Tordesillas on June 7, 1494 AD. The Italian War of 1494-1498 AD. Vasco da
Gama lands in India on May 20, 1498 AD. Leonardo da Vinci paints The Last Supper
in 1498 AD. The Treaty of Basel grants the Old Swiss Confederation de facto
independence in September 22, 1499 AD. Amerigo Vespucci explores South America
in 1499. The Second Italian War in 1499-1504 AD.

1500 - 1504 AD
Spanish navigator Vicente Yanez Pinzon lands in Brazil as the first European in
1500 AD. Christopher Columbus is arrested in Santo Domingo and sent back to Spain
on November 25, 1500 AD. The fourth and the last voyage of Christopher Columbus
to America in 1502 AD. The Safavid Empire is founded by Shah Ismail I in today's
Iran on March 11, 1502 AD. Michelangelo sculpts the David in 1504 AD.

1505 - 1509 AD
Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa in 1505 AD. Pope Julius II orders the
construction of St Peter's Basilica in 1506 AD. The War of the Holy League also
known as the War of the League of Cambrai 1508-1516 AD. Henry VIII succeeds his
father Henry VII as King of England on April 22, 1509 AD.

1510 - 1514 AD
Italian painter Sandro Botticelli dies on May 17, 1510 AD. The governor of
Portuguese India, Alfonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa in 1510 AD. Vasco Nunez
Balboa becomes the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean in 1513 AD.
Machiavelli writes The Prince in 1513 AD. Italian architect Bramante dies on March
11, 1514 AD. Scottish king James IV is killed in the Battle of Flodden on September
9, 1513 AD. The Ottomans under Sultan Selim I decisively defeat the Safavids under
the command of Shah Ismail I in 1514 AD.

1515 - 1519 AD
Francis I becomes the King of France on January 1, 1515 AD. The French
decisively defeat the Swiss mercenaries in the Battle of Marignano on September
13/14, 1515 AD. Venetian painter Giovanni Bellini dies on November 29, 1516 AD.
Juan Diaz de Solis reaches the mouth of the Rio de la Plata in 1516 AD. Martin
Luther post his 95 theses on the power and efficacy of indulgences on October 31,

1517 AD. Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes starts the conquest of the Aztec
Empire in February 1519 AD. Leonardo da Vinci dies on May 2, 1519 AD. Charles I
of Spain is elected Holy Roman Emperor on June 28, 1519 AD.

1520 - 1524 AD
Italian painter and architect Raphael dies on April 6, 1520 AD. Suleiman the
Magnificent becomes the Ottoman Sultan on September 21, 1520 AD. The last Aztec
ruler Moctezuma II dies in Spanish captivity on June 29/30, 1520 AD. Pope Leo X
excommunicates Martin Luther on January 3, 1521 AD. The Diet of Worms held
from May 8 to May 25, 1521 AD, condemns Martin Luther as an outlaw. The Italian
War of 1521-1526 AD. Belgrade is captured by the Ottomans in 1521 AD. Portuguese
explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed on his expedition to circumnavigate the world
in the Philippines on April 27, 1521 AD. The German translation of the New
Testament is first published in 1522 AD. The Ottomans expel the Knights Hospitaller
(Knights of Rhodes) from Rhodes in 1522 AD. Gustav I Vasa is elected King of
Sweden on June 6, 1523 AD. Zwingli's Reformation is accepted in Switzerland in
1524 AD. The Peasants' War 1524-1525 AD.

1525 AD to 1554 AD
1525 - 1529 AD
The Spanish-Imperial army decisively defeats the French under the command of
Francis I of France in the Battle of Pavia on February 24, 1525 AD. Radical
Reformist and leader of the Peasants' War, Thomas Muntzer is executed on May 7,
1525 AD. The Ottomans led by Suleiman the Magnificent decisively defeat the
combined Hungarian-Bohemian forces in the Battle of Mohacs on August 29, 1526
AD. The Mughal Empire is founded by Babur in 1526 AD. Sweden accepts
Reformation in 1527 AD. The Sack of Rome (Sacco di Roma) occurs on May 5, 1527
AD. German painter Albrecht Durer dies on May 6, 1527 AD. Ottoman Sultan
Suleiman the Magnificent lays siege to Vienna on September 24, 1529 AD.

1530 - 1534 AD
The Knights Hospitaller arrive to Malta in 1530 AD. Spanish conquistador
Francisco Pizzaro starts the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1531 AD. Henry VIII of
England secretly marries his mistress Anne Boylen on January 25, 1533 AD. Ivan the
Terrible becomes Grand Prince of Moscow on December 11, 1533 AD. The last Inca
ruler, Atahualpa is executed by the Spanish on August 29, 1533 AD. The Luther Bible
with both testaments is first printed in 1534 AD. The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) is
founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola on August 15, 1534 AD. Henry VIII of England
issues the Act of Supremacy declaring himself the "supreme head on the Earth and
Church" in 1534 AD. French explorer Jacques Cartier discovers Newfoundland on
May 10, 1534 AD.

1535 - 1539 AD
Jacques Cartier sails up the Saint Lawrence River during his second voyage in
1535-1536 AD. Henry VIII executes Anne Boylen on May 19, 1536 AD. Dutch
Renaissance humanist Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam dies on July 12, 1536 AD.
Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto starts expedition deep into the modern United
States in 1539 AD.

1540 - 1544 AD
The founder of the Order of Ursulines, Saint Angela Merici dies on January 27,
1540 AD. Henry VIII executes his fifth wife Catherine Howard on February 13, 1542
AD. The inventor of pocket watch, Peter Henlein dies in August 1542 AD. Italian
War of 1542-1545 AD. Spanish conquistador and explorer Francisco de Orellana sails

the length of the Amazon River arriving at the mouth on August 24, 1542 AD.
Nicholas Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (heliocentric theory) is
first published in 1543 AD.

1545 - 1549 AD
The Council of Trent is opened on December 13, 1545 AD. Martin Luther dies on
February 18, 1546 AD. Venezuela is captured by the Spanish in April 1546 AD.
Spanish conquistador Francisco de Montejo conquers Yucatan for Spain in 1546 AD.
Ivan the Terrible is crowned Tsar of Russia on January 16, 1547 AD. Self-proclaimed
King of Peru, Gonzalo Pizzaro is decisively defeated by Pedro de la Gasca in the
Battle of Sacsayhuaman on April 8, 1548 AD. Saint Francis Xavier starts his mission
in Japan in 1549 AD.

1550 - 1554 AD
Italian War of 1551-1559 AD. The first Jesuit College in Brazil is founded by
Manuel da Nobrega in 1551 AD. Mary I of England succeeds her half brother Edward
VI of England on July 19, 1553 AD. Michael Servetus, the first European to describe
the pulmonary circulation is burned at the stake for heresy by the Protestant Geneva
governing council on October 27, 1553 AD.

1555 AD to 1574 AD
1555 - 1559 AD
The Peace of Augsburg signed on September 25, 1555 AD, ends the struggle
between the Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire. Thomas Cranmer,
Archbishop of Canterbury who annulled the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of
Aragon is burned at the stake for heresy on March 21, 1556 AD. Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V abdicates on September 12, 1556 AD. Akbar the Great becomes
the Mughal Emperor in 1556 AD. The Spanish defeat the French in the Battle of Saint
Quentin on June 7, 1557 AD. The French capture Calais, the last English possession
on the Continent on January 6, 1558 AD. Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and
Anne Boleyn becomes Queen of England on November 17, 1558 AD. German
mathematician Adam Ries dies on March 30, 1559 AD. The Peace of CateauCambresis signed on April 3, 1559 AD, ends the Italian War of 1551-1559 AD. Henry
II of France dies from a wound he received on a tournament on July 10, 1559AD.

1560 - 1564 AD
The Cathedral of Basil the Blessed (Cathedral of Intercession of Theotokos on the
Moat) is completed in 1560 AD. Gustav I of Sweden abdicates in favor of his son Eric
XIV on June 25, 1560 AD. Mary I of Scotland returns to Scotland after death of her
husband Francis II of France in August 19, 1561 AD. The Massacre of Vassy on
March 1, 1562 AD, provokes the outbreak of the French Wars of Religion between
the Catholics and Huguenots. The Council of Trent closes on December 4, 1563 AD.
Northern Seven Years' War 1563-1570 AD. Michelangelo dies on February 18, 1564
AD. Jean Calvin dies on May 27, 1564 AD.

1565 - 1569 AD
City of Rio de Janeiro is founded by Estacio de Sa on March 1, 1565 AD.
Nostradamus dies on July 2, 1566 AD. Mary I of Scotland abdicates in favor of her
son Jacob VI on July 24, 1567 AD. Eric XIV of Sweden is deposed and proclaimed
insane on September 30, 1568 AD. The outbreak of the Eighty Yeas' War in 1568
AD. The Union of Lublin creates the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on July 1,
1569 AD.

1570 - 1574 AD

The Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye signed on on August 8, 1570 AD, ends the

third French War of Religion. The Treaty of Stettin signed on December 13, 1570
AD, ends the Northern Seven Years' War. The Morisco Revolt is suppressed by Don
Juan de Austria in 1570 AD. Italian sculptor and architect Jacopo Sansovino dies on
November 27, 1570 AD. The Royal Exchange is opened by Queen Elizabeth I on
January 23, 1571 AD. The Holy League decisively defeats the Ottoman fleet in the
Battle of Lepanto on October 7, 1571 AD. The Jagiellon dynasty is extinct on the
death of Sigismund II Augustus on July 7, 1572 AD. The St. Bartholomew's Day
Massacre occurs on August 23, 1572 AD. Scottish Protestant leader John Knox dies
on November 24, 1572 AD. Venice cedes Cyprus to the Ottoman Empire in 1573 AD.
Deposition of Ashikaga Yoshiaki and end of Ashikaga shogunate in Japan in 1573
AD.

1575 AD to 1599 AD
1575 - 1579 AD
Henry of Valois, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania returns to France
and ascends to the French throne as Henry III of France on July 18, 1574 AD. Italian
painter Titian dies on August 27, 1576 AD. Ottoman architect Sinan dies in 1578 AD.

1580 - 1584 AD
Portugal is annexed by Spain after death of Henry of Portugal on January 31, 1580
AD. Buenos Aires is founded by Spanish conquistador Juan de Garay in 1580 AD.
The Seven United Provinces (the Dutch Republic) are founded with the Union of
Ultrecht on January 23, 1581 AD. The Livonian War ends with the Truce of Jam
Zapolski on January 15, 1582 AD. The Gregorian calendar is adopted in Europe on
October 4 or 15, 1582 AD. William the Silent, Prince of Orange is assassinated by
Balthasar Gerard, a French Catholic on July 10, 1584 AD. The War of Three Henrys
(Henry III of France, Henry of Guise and Henry of Navarre) 1584-1598 AD.

1585 - 1589 AD
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma captures Antwerp for Spain in 1585 AD. El
Escorial is completed in 1585 AD. Akbar the Great captures Kashmir in 1586 AD.
Mary I of Scotland is executed on February 8, 1587 AD. English sea captain Francis
Drake defeats the Spanish Armada in July 1588 AD. Henry III of France is
assassinated on August 2, 1589 AD.

1590 - 1594 AD
Ambroise Pare, one of the fathers of surgery dies on December 20, 1590 AD.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden are joined into a personal union under
Sigismund III Vasa on November 17, 1592 AD. The Japanese invade Korea in 1592
AD. Henry III of Navarre, the first of the House of Bourbon ascends to the French
throne as Henry IV on February 27, 1594 AD.

1595 - 1599 AD
The Union of Brest unites the Ruthenian Church (Ukraine and Belarus) with the
Roman Catholic Church on October 20, 1596 AD. Dutch navigator and cartographer
Willem Barentsz dies during the search for the Northeast Passage on June 20, 1597
AD. Boris Godunov is elected Russian Tsar on January 16, 1598 AD. The Peace of
Vervins signed on May 2, 1598 AD, ends the Franco-Spanish War of 1595-98 AD.
The Edict of Nantes issued on April 13, 1598 AD, ends the French Wars of Religion
1562-98 AD. Philip II of Spain dies on September 13, 1598 AD. Spanish explorer
Juan de Onate conquers New Mexico for Spain in 1598 AD. The Polish-Swedish
Union collapses on deposition of Sigismund III Vasa in Sweden on July 24, 1599 AD.

1600 AD to 1624 AD

1600 - 1604 AD
Italian Dominican friar, philosopher and astronomer Giordano Bruno is burned at
the stake for heresy on February 17, 1600 AD. The East India Company is chartered
by Queen Elizabeth I for trade with Asia on December 31, 1600 AD. Robert
Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex and favorite of Queen Elizabeth I is executed for treason
on February 25, 1601 AD. The English suppress the Tyrone's Rebellion also known as
the Nine Years' War in 1603 AD. The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde OostIndische Compagnie) is founded in 1602 AD. Queen Elizabeth I of England is
succeeded by Jacob IV on her death on March 24, 1603 AD. Tokugawa shogunate of
Japan is founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603 AD. Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth of the
Ten Gurus of Sikhism composes Adi Granth, the Holy Scripture of the Sikhs ca. 1604
AD.

1605 - 1609 AD
False Dmitriy I becomes Tsar of Russia on June 10, 1605 AD. The PolishMuscovite War 1605- 1618 AD. The Gunpowder Plot to assassinate James I of
England on November 5, 1605 AD, fails. Cervantes' Don Quixote is first published in
1605 AD. Spanish explorer Luis Vaz de Torres navigates the strait separating
Australia and New Guinea in 1606 AD. The first permanent English colony in
America is established in Jamestown, Virginia, in May 1607 AD. Quebec is founded
by French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1608 AD. Johannes Kepler's Astronomia
nova on the planetary motion is first published in 1609 AD.

1610 - 1614 AD
Henry IV of France is assassinated by a fanatic Catholic, Francois Ravaillac on
May 14, 1610 AD. Gustav II Adolf is elected King of Sweden in October 30, 1611
AD. Henry Hudson's crew mutinies in June 1611 AD. Matthias succeeds his brother
Rudolph II as Holy Roman Emperor on June 13, 1612 AD. The Treaty of Knared
signed on January 20, 1613 AD, ends the Kalmar War between Denmark and Sweden.
Michel Romanov is elected Tsar of Russia on February 7, 1613 AD.

1615 - 1619 AD
The Blue Mosque (the Sultan Ahmed Mosque) is completed in 1616 AD. English
poet and playwright William Shakespeare dies on April 23, 1616 AD. Later Jin
Dynasty (from 1648 Qing Dynasty) is founded by Manchu chieftain Nurhaci in 1616
AD. The Treaty of Stolbovo signed on March 9, 1617 AD, ends the Ingrian War
between Sweden and Russia. The Second Defenestration of Prague on May 23, 1618
AD, provokes the Thirty Years' War 1618-48 AD. English explorer Sir Walter
Raleigh is executed on October 29, 1618 AD. The first African slaves are brought to
Jamestown in August 1619 AD.

1620 - 1624 AD
The Dutch West India Company is granted a charter for trade monopoly and
colonization of the New World on June 3, 1621 AD. Gustav II Adolph captures Riga
on September 16, 1621 AD. The colonialists of the Plymouth Colony and leader of
the Wampanoag Confederacy, Massasoit negotiate peace on March 22, 1621 AD.
Cardinal Richelieu becomes King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624 AD.

1625 AD to 1644 AD
1625 1629
Charles I succeeds Jacob I as King of England on March 27, 1625 AD. English
philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban dies on April 9,
1626 AD. St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated on November 18, 1625 AD. Peter Minuit
purchases Manhattan from the Native Americans for 60 guilders on May 4, 1626 AD.

Cardinal Richelieu captures Huguenot stronghold La Rochelle in 1628 AD. Shah

Abbas I of Persia dies on January 19, 1629 AD. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
issues Edict of Restitution returning all secularized properties to Catholics on March
6, 1629 AD. Charles I dissolves the House of the Commons on March 10, 1629 AD.

1630 - 1634 AD
Gustav II Adolf intervenes the Thirty Years' War landing in Pomerania on July 6,
1630 AD. The Treaty of Cherasco signed on April 16, 1631 AD, ends the War of the
Mantuan Succession 1628-31 AD. Gustav II Adolph is killed in the Battle of Lutzen
on October 30, 1632 AD. The Smolensk War between Russia and Poland 1632-34
AD. Galileo Galilei is forced to recant the heliocentric theory on June 22, 1633 AD.
Samuel de Champlain is named Governor of New France (Canada) in 1633 AD.
Wladyslaw IV Vasa renounces his claim to the Russian throne and ends the Smolensk
War on June 14, 1634 AD.

1635 - 1639 AD
The Peace of Prague signed on May 30, 1635 AD, ends the Thirty Years' War
between the Holy Roman Empire and most of its Protestant provinces. Holy Roman
Emperor Ferdinand II declares war on France on September 18, 1635 AD. Ferdinand
III succeeds his father Ferdinand II as Holy Roman Emperor on February 25, 1637
AD. Rene Descartes' Discourse on the Method is published in 1637 AD. The Pequot
War between Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth and their Native American allies against
the Pequot tribe ends with extermination of the Pequots in 1638 AD. Cornelius
Jansen, the founder of the Jansenism dies on May 6, 1638 AD. Madras is founded by
the British East India Company in 1639 AD. The first Baptist Church in America is
founded by Roger Williams in 1639 AD.

1640 - 1644 AD
Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens dies on May 30, 1640 AD. John IV of
Portugal declares independence from Spain on December 15, 1640 AD. The English
Civil War 1641-51 AD. The Irish Rebellion of 1641 AD. Flemish Baroque painter
Anthony van Dyck dies on December 6, 1641 AD. The Dutch capture Malacca from
the Portuguese in 1641 AD. Sikkim is founded by Phuntsok Namgyal in 1642 AD.
Cardinal Jules Mazarin succeeds Cardinal Richelieu as chief minister of France on
December 4, 1642 AD. Louis XIV is crowned King of France at age of 4 on May 14,
1643 AD. The Kieft's War between the Dutch settlers and Lenape Indians 1643-45
AD. The British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven
join into the New England Confederation on May 19, 1643 AD. Italian composer
Claudio Monteverdi dies on November 29, 1643 AD. The Parliamentarians defeat the
Royalist forces in the Battle of Marston Moor on June 2, 1644 AD. The last Chinese
Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen commits suicide in 1644 AD.

1645 AD to 1664 AD
1645 1649
Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius dies on August 28, 1645 AD. The Second Treaty of
Bromsebro signed on August 13, 1645 AD, ends the Torstenson War between
Denmark and Sweden. The Cretan War is fought between Venice and her allies
against the Ottoman Empire from 1645 to 1469 AD. The Westminster Confession of
Faith is drawn up in 1646 AD. The Scots hand over Charles I of England to the
Parliamentarians for 400,000 on January 23, 1647 AD. The Parliamentarians under
the command of Oliver Cromwell defeat the combined Royalist and Scottish forces in
the Battle of Preston on August 17, 1648 AD. The Fronde 1648-1653 AD. The Peace
of Westphalia referring to peace treaties of Osnabruck signed on May 15, 1648 AD,

and Munster on October 24, 1648 AD, ends the Thirty Years' War, respectively, the
Eighty Years' War. Taj Mahal is built by Shah Jahan in 1648 AD. Charles I of
England is beheaded on January 30, 1649 AD. The Massacre at Drogheda occurs on
September 11, 1649 AD.

1650 - 1654 AD
Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan is published in 1651 AD. The Religious Society of
Friends (commonly known as the Quakers) is founded by George Fox in 1552 AD.
Cape Town is founded by Dutch colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck on April 6,
1652 AD. Oliver Cromwell is declared Lord Protector on December 16, 1653 AD.
The Treaty of Westminster signed on April 5, 1654 AD, ends the First Anglo-Dutch
War.

1655- 1659 AD
The First Northern War 1655-1660 AD. English admiral William Penn captures
Jamaica for England on January 22, 1655 AD. Dutch Director-General of the colony
New Netherlands Peter Stuyvesant seizes New Sweden in 1655 AD. The Dutch seize
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from the Portuguese in 1656 AD. Lord Protector of England,
Oliver Cromwell rejects the Crown of England and designates his son Richard
Cromwell as his successor on May 25, 1659 AD. The Treaty of Pyrenees signed on
November 7, 1659 AD, ends the war between Spain and France and borders the two
countries on the Pyrenees.

1660 - 1664 AD
The Treaty of Oliva signed on May 3, 1560 AD, ends the First Northern War.
Charles II is crowned King of England on May 29, 1660 AD. Cardinal Mazarin dies
on March 9, 1661 AD. The Treaty of Cardis signed in 1661 AD ends the RussoSwedish War. Louis XIV of France orders the construction of the Palace of Versailles
in 1661 AD. England inherits Mumbai in 1661 AD. The Act of Uniformity of 1662
AD. French philosopher, mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal dies on August
19, 1662 AD. Kangxi becomes Emperor of China in 1662 AD. The Dutch renounce
their claim to Brazil in 1662 AD. The province of Carolina is founded in 1663 AD.
The Peace of Vasvar signed on August 10, 1664 AD, ends the Austro-Turkish War
1663-1664 AD. New Amsterdam (the city of New York) is captured by the English
on September 7, 1664 AD.

1665 AD to 1679 AD
1665 - 1669 AD
Frederick III issues Rex Regia introducing absolutism to Denmark in 1665 AD.
French painter Nicolas Poussin dies on November 19. 1665 AD. The Great Fire of
London occurs on September 7, 1666 AD. French architect Francois Mansart dies on
September 23, 1666 AD. The French Academy of Sciences (Academie Royale des
Sciences) is founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1666 AD. Moulay al-Rashid, the
founder of the Alaouite Dynasty becomes Sultan of Morocco in 1666 AD. Patriarch
Nikon provokes the Raskol or the Great Russian Schism on May 13, 1667 AD. The
War of Devolution 1667-1668 AD. The Treaty of Breda signed on July 31, 1667 AD,
ends the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Swiss-Italian Baroque architect Francesco
Borromini dies on August 2, 1667 AD. John II Casimir Vasa abdicates as King of
Poland in September 16, 1668 AD. Dutch painter Rembrandt dies on October 4, 1669
AD.

1670 - 1674 AD
Cossack leader of a rebellion against Russian Tsar, Stenka Razin is executed on
June 16, 1671 AD. Grand Pensionary of Holland, Johan de Witt is assassinated on

August 20, 1672 AD. German composer Heinrich Schutz dies on November 6, 1672
AD. The Third Anglo-Dutch War 1672-1674 AD. French playwright Moliere dies
while performing the last play he has written on February 17, 1673 AD. French Jesuit
missionary Jacques Marquette becomes the first European to sail down the
Mississippi River in 1673 AD. The Dutch recapture New York from the English on
July 30, 1673 AD. John III Sobieski is elected King of Poland in May 21, 1674 AD.
English poet John Milton dies on November 11, 1674 AD. The Treaty of Westminster
signed on February 19, 1674 AD, ends the Third Anglo-Dutch War and returns New
York to England.

1675 - 1679 AD
King Philip's War 1675-76 AD. Feodor III succeeds his father Alexis I as Russian
Tsar on February 8, 1676 AD. Bacon's Rebellion 1676 AD. Dutch philosopher of
Portuguese Jewish origin, Baruch Spinoza dies on February 21, 1677 AD. Charles II
of England marries his daughter and heiress Mary II Stuart to Stadtholder William III
of Orange on November 17, 1677 AD. Flemish Baroque painter Jacob Jordaens dies
on October 18, 1678 AD. The Treaties of Nijmegen signed in 1678- 1679 AD end the
Franco-Dutch War. French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier discovers the Niagara Falls
in 1678 AD. The Habeas Corpus Act is passed in the English Parliament on July 12,
1679 AD.

1680 AD to 1699 AD
1680 - 1684 AD
French writer Francois de la Rochefoucauld dies on March 17, 1680 AD. Alsace
is declared French on August 9, 1680 AD. Italian sculptor, painter and architect Gian
Lorenzo Bernini dies on November 28, 1680 AD. Shivaji, King of Marathas dies on
April 4, 1680 AD. Spanish dramatist Pedro Calderon de la Barca dies on May 25,
1681 AD. Louis XIV of France seizes Strasbourg on September 30, 1681 AD.
Spanish Baroque painter Bartolome Esteban Murillo dies on April 3, 1682 AD. ReneRobert Cavelier claims Louisiana for France in 1682 AD. The War of the Holy
League against the Ottoman Empire 1683-1699 AD. The Ottomans under the
command of Kara Mustafa Pasha lay siege to Vienna on July 14, 1683 AD. The
Chinese capture Formosa (Taiwan) in 1683 AD. The first German settlement in
Africa is founded in Gold Coast (today's Ghana) in 1683 AD. Germantown
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is founded by the German settlers in 1683 AD. The Holy
League is formed against the Ottoman Turks on initiative of Pope Innocent XI on
March 5, 1684 AD. The Truce of Ratisbon (or Regensburg) signed on August 15,
1684 AD, ends the War of the Reunions between France and Spain. French dramatist
Pierre Corneille dies on October 1, 1684 AD.

1685 - 1689 AD
James II succeeds his brother Charles II as King of England on February 6, 1685
AD. Louis XIV of France revokes the Edict of Nantes on October 18, 1685 AD. The
Holy League defeats the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Buda (western part of
Budapest) on September 2, 1686 AD. Newton's law of universal gravitation is first
published on July 5, 1687 AD. Ottoman Turks are decisively defeated by the Holy
League in the Battle of Mohacs on August 12, 1687 AD. The janissaries overthrow
Sultan Mehmed IV on November 8, 1687 AD. Joseph I, son and heir of Holy Roman
Emperor Leopold I is crowned King of Hungary on December 9, 1687 AD. The
Glorious Revolution 1688- 1689 AD ends with accession of William III of Orange to
the English throne on February 3, 1689 AD. Peter I the Great assumes power in
Russia on September 12, 1689 AD.

1690 - 1694 AD
The deposed King James II is decisively defeated by William III of Orange in the
Battle of the Boyne on June 1, 1690 AD. John Locke's Two Treaties of Government is
published in 1690 AD. Kolkata is founded by the English East Indian Company in
1690 AD. The French fleet is decisively defeated by Anglo-Dutch fleet in the Battle
of La Hogue on May 29, 1692 AD. The Brazil Gold Rush starts in 1693 AD.

1695 - 1699 AD
English composer Henry Purcell dies on November 21, 1695 AD. The Empire of
Ashanti is founded by Osei Kofi Tutu I in 1695 AD. The Holy League under the
command of Prince Eugene of Savoy decisively defeats the Ottoman Turks in the
Battle of Zenta (today's Senta) on September 11, 1697 AD. Frederick Augustus,
Elector of Saxony is elected King of Poland on September 15, 1697 AD. The Treaty
of Ryswick signed on September 20, 1697 AD, ends the Nine Years' War 1688-1698
AD. Peter I the Great suppresses the Streltsy Uprising of 1698 AD. The Treaty of
Karlowitz signed on January 1, 1699 AD, ends the War of the Holy League. French
dramatist Jean Racine dies on April 21, 1699 AD.

1700 AD to 1724 AD
1700 - 1704 AD
Julian calendar is adopted in Russia on January 1, 1700 AD. The Great Northern
War 1700-1721 AD. English poet John Dryden dies on July 1, 1700 AD. Andre Le
Notre, designer of the park of the Palace of Versailles dies on September 15, 1700
AD. The War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1714 AD. Frederick III, Elector of
Brandenburg crowns himself as Frederick I of Prussia on January 18, 1701 AD.
Daughter of James II of England, Anne Stuart succeeds William III of Orange as
Queen of England on March 8, 1702 AD. St Petersburg is founded by Peter I the
Great on May 27, 1703 AD. Stanislaw Leszczynski is chosen King of Poland by
Charles XII of Sweden on July 12, 1704 AD

1705 - 1709 AD
Joseph I succeeds his father Leopold I as Holy Roman Emperor on May 5, 1705
AD. The Treaty of Union creates the United Kingdom of Great Britain on April 29,
1707 AD. French architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart dies on May 11, 1708 AD. Guru
Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of Sikhism is assassinates in 1708 AD.

1710 - 1714 AD
The Russo-Turkish War 1710-1711 AD. St Paul's Cathedral of London is
completed in 1711 AD. Charles VI succeeds his brother Joseph I as Holy Roman
Emperor on October 12, 1711 AD. Thomas Newcomen invents the atmospheric steam
engine (Newcomen steam engine) in 1712 AD. Frederick William I succeeds his
father Frederic I as King of Prussia on January 25, 1713 AD. The Treaty of Utrecht
signed on April 11, 1713 AD, ends the War of the Spanish Succession between
France, Great Britain, Savoy, the Dutch Republic, Portugal and Prussia. Emperor
Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction on April 19, 1713 AD, to secure the
inheritance to his daughter Maria Theresa. The Treaty of Rastatt signed between
France and Holy Roman Empire on March 6, 1714 AD, finally ends the War of the
Spanish Succession. George, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg succeeds Anne of Great
Britain as George I on August 1, 1714 AD. The Turkish-Venetian War 1714-1718
AD.

1715 - 1719 AD
The Jacobite Rising of 1715 AD (The Fifteen). The Sun King, Louis XIV of
France dies on September 1, 1715 AD. German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm

Leibniz dies on November 14, 1716 AD. The Austro-Turkish War 1716-1718 AD.
The United Grand Lodge of England is founded on June 24, 1717 AD. Prince Eugene
of Savoy captures Belgrade from the Ottoman Turks on August 22, 1717 AD. The
Schobrunn Palace is completed in 1717 AD. The Treaty of Passarowitz signed on July
21, 1718 AD, ends the war between Austria and Venice against the Ottoman Empire.
The Quadruple Alliance is formed between Austria, Great Britain, France and the
Dutch Republic on August 2, 1718 AD. Charles XII of Sweden is killed during the
siege of Fredrikshald on December 11, 1718 AD. New Orleans is founded in 1718
AD. The Jacobite Rising of 1719 AD (The Nineteen).

1720 - 1724 AD
Treaty of Stockholm (January 21, 1720 AD), Treaty of Frederiksborg (July 3,
1720 AD) and Treaty of Nystad (September 10, 1721 AD) end the Great Northern
War. Peter I the Great proclaims himself Emperor of All the Russians on September
10, 1721 AD. English soldier and statesman John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
dies on June 16, 1722 AD. The Afghans overthrow the Safavid Dynasty in 1722 AD.
Dutch explorer Jakob Roggeveen discovers the Easter Island in 1722 AD. Dutch
scientists Antonie van Leeuwenhoek dies on August 26, 1723 AD.

1725 AD to 1754 AD
1725 - 1729 AD
Peter I the Great dies on February 8, 1725 AD. Italian Baroque composer
Alessandro Scarlatti dies on October 22, 1725 AD. Peter II succeeds his mother
Catherine I as Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russians on May 17, 1727 AD.
George II succeeds his father George I as King of England on June 22, 1727 AD.

1730 - 1734 AD
Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford becomes the first Prime Minister of Great
Britain on May 15, 1730 AD. Daniel Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe dies on
April 26, 1731 AD. The War of the Polish Succession 1733-1738 AD.

1735 - 1739 AD
The Russo-Turkish War 1735-1739 AD. Physicist and inventor Daniel Gabriel
Fahrenheit (Fahrenheit temperature scale and Fahrenheit hydrometer) dies on
September 16, 1737 AD. The Habsburg Monarchy joins Russia against the Ottoman
Turks in 1737 AD. Frederick Augustus II is confirmed King of Poland (Augustus III
of Poland) on November 11, 1738 AD. The Treaty of Belgrade signed on September
18, 1739 AD, ends the Austro-Turkish War 1737-1739 AD. The War of the Jenkin's
Ear 1739-1742 AD. Sack of Delhi by Nadir Shah in 1739 AD.

1740 - 1744 AD
Frederick II the Great succeeds his father Frederick William I as King of Prussia
on May 31, 1740 AD. Maria Theresa succeeds his father Emperor Charles VI on
October 20, 1740 AD. The War of the Austrian Succession 1740-1742 AD. The
Wahhabi movement is founded by Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahab ca. 1740 AD.
Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi dies on July 28, 1741 AD. Elizabeth Petrovna
assumes the Russian throne on November 25, 1741 AD. Danish navigator and
explorer in Russian employ, Vitus Jonassen Bering discovers Alaska in December
1741 AD. Charles VII of the House of Wittelsbach is elected Holy Roman Emperor
on January 24, 1742 AD. Swedish scientist and inventor of the Celsius scale, Anders
Celsius dies on April 25, 1742 AD. The Treaty of Berlin signed on July 28, 1742 AD,
ends the First Silesian War, the first phase of the War of Austrian Succession. English
poet Alexander Pope dies on May 30, 1744 AD. The Second Silesian War 1744-1748

AD. Madame de Pompadour is installed as mistress of Louis XV of France in 1744

AD. The King George's War 1744-1748 AD.

1745 - 1749 AD
The Jacobite Rising of 1745 AD (The Forty-Five). Husband of Maria Theresa,
Francis I is elected Holy Roman Emperor on September 13, 1745 AD. Jonathan Swift,
author of the Gulliver's Travels dies on October 19, 1745 AD. The Treaty of Dresden
signed on December 25, 1745 AD, ends the Second SIlesian War. The British forces
decisively defeat the Jacobites under the command of Charles Edward Stuart (the
Young Pretender) in the Battle of Culloden on April 27, 1746 AD. Ferdinand VI
succeeds his father Philip V as King of Spain on July 9, 1746 AD. The French invade
the Austrian Netherlands (Low Countries) after defeating the combined British,
Hanoverian and Dutch forces in the Battle of Lauffeld on July 7, 1747 AD. The
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) ends the War of the Austrian Succession on
October 18, 1748 AD.

1750 - 1754 AD
Bejamin Franklin invents the lightning rod in 1750 AD. German composer Johann
Sebastian Bach dies on July 28, 1750 AD. The first volume of Encyclopedie is
published in 1751 AD. Tibet becomes Chinese protectorate in 1751 AD. Anglo-Irish
philosopher George Berkeley dies on January 14, 1753 AD. German philosopher
Christian Wolff dies on April 9, 1754 AD. The French and Indian War 1754-1763
AD.

1755 AD to 1774 AD
1755 - 1759 AD
French political thinker Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brede de
Montesquieu dies on February 10, 1755 AD. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The
Westminster Convention signed on May 16, 1756 AD, creates Anglo-Prussian
Alliance. The Treaty of Versailles signed on May 1, 1757 AD, creates Austro-French
Alliance. The Seven Years' War 1756-1763 AD. Anti-Prussian alliance is concluded
between Austria and Russia on February 2, 1757 AD. The British East India
Company decisively defeats Nawab of Bengal and the French in the Battle of Plassey
on June 23, 1757 AD. German-English composer George Frideric Handel dies on
April 14, 1759 AD. French mathematician and philosopher, Pierre-Louis Moreau de
Maupertuis best known for the principle of least action dies on July 27, 1759 AD.

1760 - 1764 AD
The Russian troops capture Berlin on October 13, 1760 AD. George III succeeds
his grandfather George II as King of the United Kingdom on October 25, 1760 AD.
The British capture New France on September 8, 1760 AD. English writer Samuel
Richardson dies on July 4, 1761 AD. The British capture Pondicherry (Puducherry),
the last French stronghold in India on January 16, 1761 AD. Peter III succeeds
Elizabeth Petrovna as Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russians on January 5, 1762
AD. Peter III of Russia is overthrown by his wife Catherine II the Great on July 9,
1762 AD. The British capture Havana from the Spanish on August 14, 1762 AD. The
Treaty of Paris or the Peace of Paris signed on February 10, 1763 AD, ends the Seven
Years' War between Great Britain, Portugal, France and Spain. The Treaty of
Hubertusburg signed on February 15, 1763 AD, ends the Seven Years' War between
Austria, Prussia and Saxony. Augustus III of Poland is succeeded by Stanislaw
August Poniatowski on September 6, 1764 AD. James Hargreaves invents the
Spinning Jenny in 1764 AD.

1765 - 1769 AD

The Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765 AD upsets the
American colonists. Joseph II succeeds his father Francis I as Holy Roman Emperor
on August 18, 1765 AD. The Ayutthaya Kingdom is destroyed by the Burmese in
1767 AD. The Townshend Acts passed by the British Parliament in early 1767 AD
leads to boycott of certain British goods in the American colonies. The Bar
Confederation is formed by the Polish nobility on February 29, 1768 AD. Venetian
painter Canaletto dies on April 20, 1768 AD. The Russo-Turkish War 1768-1774 AD.
France purchases Corsica from Republic of Genova in 1769 AD. James Watt
improves the steam engine in 1769 AD.

1770 - 1774 AD
The Boston Massacre occurs on March 5, 1770 AD. English explorer James Cook
discovers Australia in 1770 AD. Gustav III succeeds his father Adolf Frederick as
King of Sweden on February 12, 1771 AD. Count Johann Friedrich Struensee,
physician to Christian VII of Denmark and Queen Caroline Matilda's lover is
executed on April 28, 1772 AD. The First Partition of Poland between Prussia,
Austria and Russia on August 5, 1772 AD. Pope Clement XIV suppresses the Society
of Jesus on July 21, 1773 AD. The Boston Tea Party takes place on December 16,
1773 AD. Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III is succeeded by his brother Abdulhamid I on
December 24, 1773. Louis XVI succeeds his father Louis XV as King of France on
May 10, 1774 AD. The Treaty of Kuchuk Kaynarca signed on July 21, 1774 AD, ends
the Russo-Turkish War. Pugachev's Rebellion (the Cossack Rebellion) of 1774-1775
AD. The First Continental Congress is opened on September 5, 1774 AD. English
natural philosopher Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen in 1774 AD. Johann Wolfgang
von Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther is published in 1774 AD.

1775 AD to 1788 AD
1775 - 1779 AD
Cossack Rebellion leader, Yemelyan Pugachev is executed on January 21, 1775
AD. The outbreak of the American War of Independence (or American Revolutionary
War) on April 19, 1775 AD. The Second Continental Congress is established on May
10, 1775 AD. George Washington is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the
Continental Army on June 15, 1775 AD. Scottish philosopher and historian David
Hume dies on August 25, 1776 AD. The Virginia Declaration of Rights is adopted on
June 12, 1776 AD. The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted on July
4, 1776 AD. The Continental Army decisively defeats the British under the command
of General John Burgoyne in the Battles of Saratoga on October 17, 1777 AD.
Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician, Carl von Linne dies on January 10, 1778
AD. French writer, essayist and philosopher Voltaire dies on May 30, 1778 AD.
Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau dies on July 2, 1778 AD. The War of the
Bavarian Succession 1778-1779 AD. English explorer James Cook is killed by the
Hawaiians on February 14, 1779 AD. The Treaty of Teschen signed on May 13, 1779
AD, ends the War of the Bavarian Succession between Austria and Prussia. French
painter Jean-Baptiste- Simeon Chardin dies on December 6, 1779 AD.

1780 - 1784 AD
The League of Armed Neutrality is formed by Russian Empress Catherine II the
Great on March 11, 1780 AD. Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa dies on November
29, 1780 AD. The combined American-French forces under the command of George
Washington decisively the British in the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781 AD.
Catherine II the Great annexes Crimea on April 8, 1783 AD. The first public
demonstration of a balloon by the Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-

Etienne on June 5, 1783 AD. The Treaty of Paris signed on September 3, 1783 AD,
ends the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of
America. French philosopher and writer Denis Diderot dies on July 31, 1784 AD.
English poet, essayist, biographer and moralist, Samuel Johnson dies on December
13, 1784 AD.

1785 - 1788 AD
German Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn dies on January 4, 1776 AD.
Frederick II of Prussia dies on August 17, 1786 AD. The United States Constitution is
adopted by Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787 AD.
Admiral Arthur Phillip brings the first convicts to Australia on January 26, 1788 AD.
The Russo-Swedish War 1788-1790 AD. Charles III of Spain is succeeded by his
second-born son Charles IV on December 14, 1788 AD.

Modern history
1789 AD to 1799 AD
1789 AD
The French Revolution 1789-1799 AD. George Washington becomes the first
President of the United States of America on April 30, 1789 AD. The Minas
Conspiracy of 1789 AD. Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 AD. The
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on August 26, 1789 AD.
Women's March on Versailles on October 5, 1789 AD. The mutiny on the Bounty
occurs on April 28, 1789 AD.

1790 - 1794 AD
Benjamin Franklin dies on April 17, 1790 AD. Washington, D. C. is founded as
the capital of the United States on July 16, 1790 AD. The Civil Constitution of the
Clergy is passed by the French National Constituent Assembly on July 12, 1790 AD.
Scottish moral philosopher and political economist, Adam Smith dies on July 17,
1790 AD. The Treaty of Varala signed on August 14, 1790 AD, ends the RussoSwedish War. Leopold II is elected Holy Roman Emperor on September 30, 1790
AD. Attempt of Louis XVI of France to flee on June 21, 1790 AD, fails. The Champ
de Mars Massacre occurs on July 17, 1791 AD. Prince Grigory Potyomkin, Russian
general-field marshal and favorite of Catherine II the Great dies on October 16, 1791
AD. Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies on December 5, 1791 AD.
The United States Bill of Rights comes into effect on December 15, 1791 AD. The
Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.
The Treaty of Jassy signed on January 9, 1792 AD, ends the Russo-Turkish War
1787-1792 AD. English painter Joshua Reynolds dies on February 23, 1792 AD.
Gustav III of Sweden is assassinated on a masked ball on March 29, 1792 AD. The
French Revolutionary Wars 1792-1802 AD. Francis II succeeds his father Leopold II
as Holy Roman Emperor on July 5, 1792 AD. The September Massacres 1792 AD.
French National Convention proclaims the (First) French Republic on September 22,
1792 AD. Louis XVI is executed on January 21, 1793 AD. The Second Partition of
Poland between Russia, Prussia and Austria on January 23, 1793 AD. The Reign of
Terror in France 1793-1794 AD. Queen Marie Antoniette is executed on October 16,
1793 AD. Execution of Maximilien Robespierre on July 28, 1794 AD, ends the Reign
of Terror.

1795 - 1799 AD
The Batavian Republic (the former Dutch Republic) is proclaimed on May 16,
1795 AD. General Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Royalist insurrection in Paris on
October 5, 1795 AD. The Third Partition of Poland on October 24, 1795 AD, ends the

existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The French Directory 1795-1799

AD. The British capture South Africa in 1795 AD. The Pinckney's Treaty or Treaty of
San Lorenzo signed on October 27, 1795 AD, borders the United States and Spanish
colonies on the Mississippi River. Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de
Beauharnais on March 9, 1796 AD. Russian Empress Catherine II the Great dies on
November 17, 1796 AD. John Adams is elected the second President of the United
States on December 7, 1796 AD. The Treaty of Campo Formio signed on October 17,
1797 AD, ends the first phase (First Coalition) of the French Revolutionary Wars.
Frederick William III succeeds his father Frederick William II as King of Prussia on
November 16, 1797 AD. Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign 1798-1801 AD. Venetian
adventurer, Giancomo Casanova dies on June 4, 1798 AD. Napoleon captures Malta
from the Knights Hospitaller on June 13, 1798 AD. American engineer and inventor,
Robert Fulton designs the first submarine in 1798 AD. Italian physician and physicist
Luigi Galvani dies on December 4, 1798 AD. The War of the Second Coalition 17991802 AD. General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows the French Directory and replaces
it with the French Consulate by the coup of 18 Brumaire on November 9, 1799 AD.
George Washington dies on December 14, 1799 AD.

1800 AD to 1806 AD
1800 AD
Napoleon Bonaparte decisively defeats the Austrians in the Battle of Marengo on
June 14, 800 AD, and the Battle of Hohenlinden on December 3, 1800 AD.

1801 AD
The Act of Union joining Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom takes
effect on January 1, 1801 AD. Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi discovers the
asteroid Ceres on January 1, 1801 AD. The Treaty of Luneville signed on February 9,
1801 AD, ends the War of the Second Coalition between France and Austria. Thomas
Jefferson swears in as the third President of the United States on March 4, 1801 AD.
Paul I of Russia is assassinated on March 24, 1801 AD. German chemist and physicist
Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovers ultraviolet light in 1801 AD. Napoleon Bonaparte is
defeated by the British troops in Egypt on August 30, 1801 AD.

1802 AD
The Treaty of Amiens signed on March 27, 1802 AD, ends the War of the Second
Coalition between France and Great Britain. Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed First
Consul for Life on August 2, 1802 AD. The Vietnamese Tay Son Dynasty is
overthrown by Nguyen in 1802 AD. Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1803)
Francois-Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture is defeated by the French under the
command of General Charles Leclerc in 1802 AD.

1803 AD
Renewal of the war between France and Britain on May 17, 1803 AD. German
philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder dies on December 18, 1803 AD. British
engineer and inventor Richard Trevithick designs the first steam locomotive in 1803
AD. The Second Anglo-Maratha War 1803- 1805 AD.

1804 AD
Haiti declares independence from France on January 1, 1804 AD. German
philosopher Immanuel Kant dies on February 12, 1804 AD. The Austrian Empire is
founded by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor on August 11, 1804 AD. Napoleon
Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of the French on December 2, 1804 AD. The First
Serbian Uprising 1804-1813 AD. The Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806 AD.

1805 AD

(Napoleonic) Kingdom of Italy is founded by Napoleon Bonaparte on March 18,

1805 AD. The Treaty of Saint Petersburg signed on April 11, 1805 AD, creates
Russo-British alliance against France. German poet Friedrich Schiller dies on May 9,
1805 AD. Italian composer Luigi Boccherini dies on May 28, 1805 AD. Outbreak of
the War of the Third Coalition on September 8, 1805 AD. Vice Admiral Horatio
Nelson is killed in the Battle of Trafalgar on October 21, 1805 AD. Napoleon defeats
Austrian and Russian forces in the Battle of Austerlitz (Battle of Three Emperors) on
December 2, 1805 AD. Muhammad Ali seizes power in Egypt in 1805 AD.

1806 AD
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, William Pitt the Younger dies on January
23, 1806 AD. The Confederation of the Rhine is founded on July 12, 1806 AD. Holy
Roman Emperor Francis II dissolves the Holy Roman Empire on August 6, 1806 AD.
French Rococo painter Jean-Honore Fragonard dies on August 22, 1806 AD. French
physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb known for the Coulomb's law dies on August
23, 1806 AD. Frederick William II of Prussia starts the War of the Fourth Coalition
on October 9, 1806 AD. Emperor Jacques of Haiti is assassinated on October 17,
1806 AD. Napoleon Bonaparte captures Berlin on October 27, 1806 AD. Napoleon
starts embargo against the British trade known as the Continental System on
November 21, 1806 AD. The Russo-Turkish War 1806-1812 AD. The Serbs under
leadership of Karaore Petrovi capture Belgrade in 1806 AD. The British recapture
the Cape Colony in 1806 AD.

1807 AD to 1813 AD
1807 AD
Napoleon Bonaparte captures Warsaw on January 2, 1807 AD. The Treaty of
Tilsit signed in July 1807 AD, ends the War of the Fourth Coalition. The British
capture Danish capital Copenhagen on September 5, 1807 AD. The Treaty of
Fontainebleau signed on October 27, 1807 AD, foresees partition of Portugal between
Spain and France. The French troops invade Portugal starting the Peninsular War
1807-1814 AD.

1808 AD
The French occupy Rome on February 2, 1808 AD. Russia captures Finland from
Sweden on February 22, 1808 AD. Napoleon invades Spain in February 1808 AD.
Outbreak of the Spanish War of Independence on May 6, 1808 AD. The British under
the command of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington capture Lisbon from the
French on May 2, 1808 AD.

1809 AD
Inauguration of James Madison as the fourth President of the United States on
March 3, 1809 AD. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in a coup on March 13,
1809 AD. Archduke Charles of Austria defeats Napoleon in the Battle of AspernEssling on May 21-22, 1809 AD. Austrian composer Joseph Haydn dies on May 31,
1809 AD. Napoleon decisively defeats the Austrians in the Battle of Wagram on July
5-6, 1809 AD. Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich is named Minister of the State
on October 8, 1809 AD. The Treaty of Schonbrunn signed on October 14, 1809 AD,
ends the War of the Fifth Coalition between France and Austria.

1810 AD
Napoleon Bonaparte marries Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma on April 2, 1810
AD. The Primera Junta assumes government in Argentina on May 25, 1810 AD. The
Kingdom of Holland is annexed by France on June 30, 1810 AD. Beginning of the

Mexican War of Independence on September 16, 1810 AD. The Chilean War of
Independence 1810-1826 AD.

1811 AD
Paraguay declares independence from Spain on May 17, 1811 AD. Venezuela
declares independence from Spain in July 5, 1811 AD. German dramatist, short story
writer and novelist Heinrich von Kleist commits suicide on November 21, 1811 AD.
Muhammad Ali of Egypt eliminates the Mamluks in 1811 AD.

1812 AD
The Spanish Constitution promulgated in the city of Cadiz on March 11, 1812
AD, proclaims Spain a constitutional monarchy. The Treaty of Bucharest signed on
May 28, 1812 AD, ends the Russo- Turkish War. The United States of America
declare war on the British Empire on June 19, 1812 AD. Napoleon Bonaparte invades
Russia on June 24, 1812 AD. Napoleon reaches Moscow on September 14, 1812 AD.
The Russians decisively defeat Napoleon in the Battle of Berezina on November 2628, 1812 AD. James Madison is reelected President of the United States on December
2, 1812 AD. The Luddite riots in Britain in 1812 AD.

1813 AD
Allied Spanish, British and Portuguese army under the command of General the
Marquess of Wellington decisively defeats the French army in the Battle of Vitoria on
June 21, 1813 AD. The Sixth Coalition decisively defeats Napoleon Bonaparte in the
Battle of Leipzig or the Battle of the Nations on October 19, 1813 AD. German
inventor Karl Drais invents the dandy horse (Laufmaschine) in 1813 AD. British
inventor and chemist Humphry Davy invents the Davy lamp in 1813 AD.

1814 AD to 1821 AD
1814 AD
The Treaty of Kiel signed on January 14, 1814 AD, forces Denmark to cede
Norway to Sweden. The allies of the Sixth Coalition enter Paris on March 31, 1814
AD. Brother of Louis XVI, Louis XVII is proclaimed King of France on April 2, 1814
AD. Napoleon Bonaparte abdicates as Emperor of the French on April 6, 1814 AD.
The Treaty of Paris signed on May 30, 1814 AD, ends the War of the Sixth Coalition.
British troops occupy Washington and burn the US government buildings, including
the White House and Capitol on August 24, 1814 AD. Opening of the Congress of
Vienna on September 18, 1814 AD. The Spanish defeat the Chilean forces in the
Battle of Rancagua on October 2, 1814 AD. French writer Marquis de Sade best
known for his erotic novels dies on December 2, 1814 AD. The Treaty of Ghent
signed on December 24, 1814 AD, ends the War of 1812 between Great Britain and
the United States.

1815 AD
British economist Henry Thornton dies on January 16, 1815 AD. Napoleon
Bonaparte returns from exile on Elba to Paris starting the period of the Hundred Days
on March 1, 1815 AD. The Monarchy of the Netherlands is founded on March 16,
1815 AD. The German Confederation is created by the Congress of Vienna on June 8,
1815 AD. The forces of the Seventh Coalition decisively defeat Napoleon Bonaparte
in the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815 AD. Austria, Germany and Russia join into
the Holy Alliance on September 26, 1815 AD. The Treaty of Paris of 1815 signed on
November 20, 1815 AD, finally ends the Napoleonic Wars also known as the War of
the Seventh Coalition.

1816 AD

John VI succeeds Maria I as King of Portugal on March 20, 1816 AD. Argentina
declares independence from Spain on July 9, 1816 AD. James Monroe is elected the
fifth President of the United States on December 4, 1816 AD.

1817 AD
Karaore Petrovi, leader of the First Serbian Uprising is assassinated by the
men of Milo Obrenovi, Prince of Serbia on July 25, 1817 AD. Polish national hero,
Tadeusz Kosciuszko dies on October 15, 1817 AD. The Third Anglo-Maratha War
1817-1818 AD.

1818 AD
Charles XIV John succeeds Charles XIII as King of Sweden on February 5, 1818
AD. The Chilean Declaration of Independence is drafted on January 12 (dated
January 1), 1818 AD. The First Seminole War 1818 AD.

1819 AD
The United States of America purchase East Florida from Spain on February 22,
1819 AD. American ship Savannah becomes the first steamboat to cross the Atlantic
Ocean in June 1819 AD. The Peterloo Massacre occurs on August 16, 1819 AD. The
Gran Colombia (today's Colombia and Venezuela) is founded on December 17, 1819
AD.

1820 AD
The Missouri Compromise adopted on March 3, 1820 AD, prohibits slavery north
of the parallel 3630' north except for Missouri.

1821 AD
British Romantic poet John Keats dies on February 23, 1821 AD. The Greek War
of Independence 1821-1830 AD. Napoleon Bonaparte dies on May 5, 1821 AD. Jose
de San Martin declares independence of Peru from Spain on July 28, 1821 AD.

1822 AD to 1830 AD
1822 AD
German Romantic poet, composer, draftsman and caricaturist E.T.A. Hoffmann
dies on June 25, 1822 AD. English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley dies on July
8, 1822 AD. Hanoverian British astronomer William Herschel dies on August 25,
1822 AD. Portuguese heir to the throne Pedro I declares independence of Brazil from
Portugal on September 7, 1822 AD, and is crowned the first Emperor on Brazil in
December 1822.

1823 AD
Edward Jenner, English scientist and pioneer of the smallpox vaccine dies on
January 26, 1823 AD. The Federal Republic of Central America is founded in July
1823 AD. Edmund Cartwright, inventor of the power loom dies on October 30, 1822
AD. The Monroe Doctrine is issued on December 2, 1823 AD.

1824 AD
British poet Lord Byron dies on April 19, 1824 AD. Mexico is proclaimed a
republic on October 4, 1824 AD.

1825 AD
The Bolshoi Theatre is opened on January 6, 1825 AD. John Quincy Adams is
elected President of the United States on February 9, 1825 AD. French early socialist
theorist Henri de Saint-Simon dies on May 19, 1825 AD. Alexander I of Russia dies
on December 1, 1825 AD. The Decembrist revolt against Nicholas I of Russia breaks
out on December 26, 1825 AD. Diponegoro War or Java War 1825-1830 AD. The
Republic of Bolivia declares independence from Spain on August 6, 1825 AD.

1826 AD
Both the 2nd and the 3rd President of the United States of America, John Adams
and Thomas Jefferson die on July 4, 1826 AD.

1827 AD
Italian physicist Alessandro Volta dies on March 5, 1827 AD. German composer
Ludwig van Beethoven dies on March 26, 1827 AD.

1828 AD
Greek military leader and national hero, Alexandros Ypsilantis dies on January
31, 1828 AD. Spanish painter Francisco Goya dies on April 16, 1828 AD. The RussoTurkish War 1828-1829 AD. The Treaty of Montevideo signed on August 27, 1828
AD, recognizes Paraguay's independence. Austrian composer Franz Schubert dies on
November 19, 1828 AD. Andrew Jackson is elected President of the United States on
December 3, 1828 AD.

1829 AD
Pope Leo XII is succeeded by Pope Pius VIII on March 31, 1829 AD. British
scientist Thomas Young dies on May 10, 1829 AD. British chemist Humphrey Davy
dies on May 25, 1829 AD. The Treaty of Adrianople signed on September 14, 1829
AD, ends the Russo-Turkish War.

1830 AD
The London Protocol confirms independence of Greece on February 3, 1830 AD.
The Latter Day Saint movement is founded by Joseph Smith, Jr. on April 6, 1830 AD.
Ecuador declares independence from the Gran Colombia on May 13, 1830 AD.
French mathematician and physicist Joseph Fourier dies on May 16, 1830 AD.
George IV of the United Kingdom is succeeded by his brother William IV on June 26,
1830 AD. France conquers Algeria on July 5, 1830 AD. The July Revolution or the
French Revolution of 1830 breaks out on July 27, 1830 AD. The Belgian Revolution
starts in August 25, 1830 AD. Belgium declares independence from the Kingdom of
the Netherlands on October 4, 1830 AD. The November Uprising in Warsaw starts on
November 29, 1830 AD.

1831 AD to 1840 AD
1831 AD
British explorer Sir James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole on June
1, 1831 AD. German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel dies on November
14, 1831 AD. The Young Italy (La Giovine Italia) is founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in
1831 AD.

1832 AD
Jean-Francois Champollion, the decipherer of the Egyptian hieroglyphs dies on
March 4, 1832 AD. French naturalist and zoologist Georges Cuvier dies on May 13,
1832 AD. The Reform Act of 1832 is accepted on June 4, 1832 AD. The Black Hawk
War 1832 AD. Otto, Prince of Bavaria is elected King of Greece on August 8, 1832
AD. Scottish poet and historical novelist, Walter Scott dies on September 21, 1832
AD.

1833 AD
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana is elected President of Mexico on April 1, 1833 AD.
French inventor and one of the pioneers of the photography, Nicephore Niepce dies
on July 5, 1833 AD. Ferdinand VII of Spain dies on September 29, 1833 AD. The
United Kingdom recaptures the Falkland Islands in 1833 AD.

1834 AD

The Canut Revolt in Lyon is bloodily suppressed on April 13, 1834 AD. The
Quadruple Alliance is formed between the United kingdom, France, Spain and
Portugal on April 22, 1834 AD. English Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge dies
on July 25, 1834 AD.

1835 AD
Ferdinand I succeeds his father Francis I as Emperor of Austria on March 2, 1835
AD. Italian composer Vicenzo Bellini dies on September 23, 1835 AD. The Second
Seminole War 1835-1842 AD.

1836 AD
Texas declares independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836 AD. French
physicist and mathematician Andre-Marie Ampere dies on June 10, 1836 AD.
Peruvian President Andres de Santa Cruz proclaims Peru-Bolivian Confederation on
August 15, 1836 AD. Martin Van Buren is elected President of the United States on
December 7, 1836 AD.

1837 AD
Russian poet, novelist and playwright Alexander Pushkin dies on a duel on
January 29, 1837 AD. William IV of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
is succeeded by his niece Victoria on June 20, 1837 AD. French utopian socialist
Charles Fourier dies on October 10, 1837 AD.

1838 AD
The Chartism or the Chartist movement starts in the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland in May 1838 AD.

1839 AD
The Second Turko-Egyptian War starts on June 26, 1839 AD. The First Opium
War or the First Anglo-Chinese War 1839-1842 AD. The First Anglo-Afghan War
1839-1842 AD.

1840 AD
Italian violinist Niccolo Paganini dies on May 27, 1840 AD. Frederick William IV
succeeds his father Frederick William III as King of Prussia on June 7, 1840 AD.
Pedro II succeeds his father Pedro I as Emperor of Brazil on July 23, 1840 AD. The
Act of Union unites the Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada
in 1840 AD. Coup of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (later Napoleon III) on August 6,
1840 AD, fails. William I of the Netherlands abdicates in favor of his son William II
on October 7, 1840 AD. William Henry Harrison is elected President of the United
States on December 2, 1840 AD.

1841 AD to 1849 AD
1841 AD
The British troops occupy Hong Kong on January 29, 1841 AD. US President
William Henry Harrison dies on April 6, 1841 AD, and is succeeded by Vice
President John Tyler.

1842 AD
The Treaty of Nanking signed on August 29, 1842 AD, ends the First Opium War.

1843 AD
German physician and founder of homeopathy, Samuel Hahnemann dies on July
2, 1843 AD. The Cortes declares Isabella, Queen regnant of Spain of age on
November 8, 1843 AD.

1844 AD

Oscar I succeeds his father Charles XIV as King of Sweden and Norway on
March 8, 1844 AD. American inventor Samuel Morse sends the first telegraph
message on May 24, 1844 AD. James Knox Polk is elected the 11th President of the
United States on December 4, 1844 AD.

1845 AD
Annexation of Texas by the United States of America on March 1, 1845 AD. The
First Maori War also known as Flagstaff War 1845-1846 AD.

1846 AD
The Mexican-American War 1846-1848 AD. The Treaty of Oregon signed on
June 15, 1846 AD, settles the Oregon boundary dispute between the United States and
the United Kingdom. The United States commodore John D. Sloat claims California
for the United States on July 7, 1846 AD.

1847 AD
Irish political leader Daniel O'Connell dies on May 15, 1847 AD. AmericoLiberians declare independence of the Republic of Liberia on July 26, 1847 AD.

1848 AD
The Revolutions of 1848 also known as the Spring of Nations - series of political
upheavals take place throughout Europe after the February Revolution in France. The
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed on February 2, 1848 AD, ends the MexicanAmerican War. The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels is published in February 1848 AD. The First Italian War of Independence
1848-1849 AD. The First Schleswig War 1848-1850 AD. Switzerland becomes a
federal state on September 12, 1848 AD. Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte is elected
President of the Second French Republic on December 20, 1848 AD.

1849 AD
British forces decisively defeat the Sikh army in the Battle of Gujrat on February
21, 1849 AD, ending the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Austrian Field Marshal Joseph
Radetzky von Radetz defeats the Italian forces in the Battle of Novara on March 23,
1849 AD. Charles Albert of Sardinia abdicates in favor of his son Victor Emmanuel II
on March 23, 1848 AD. The Hungarians declare from the Habsburg Monarchy on
April 14, 1849 AD. Frederick William IV of Prussia refuses to accept the Imperial
crown offered by the Frankfurt Parliament on April 28, 1849 AD. The Hungarian poet
and revolutionary Sandor Petofi is killed in the Battle of Segesvar on July 31, 1849
AD. Lajos Kossuth, Regent-President of Hungary abdicates and flees from Hungary
on August 11, 1849 AD. Austrian composer Johann Strauss I dies on September 25,
1849 AD. American poet and writer Edgar Allan Poe dies on October 7, 1849 AD.
Polish composer and pianist Frederic Chopin dies on October 17, 1849 AD.

1850 AD to 1859 AD
1850 AD
French artist Marie Tussaud best known for her wax sculptures dies on April 16,
1850 AD. French chemist and physicist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac dies on May 9,
1850 AD. French novelist and playwright Honore de Balzac dies on August 18, 1850
AD. US President Zachary Taylor dies on October 9, 1850 AD, and is succeeded by
Vice President Millard Fillmore. The Taiping Rebellion breaks out in China in 1850
AD.

1851 AD
French-American painter and ornithologist John James Audubon dies on January
27, 1851 AD. The Crystal Palace houses the first Great Exhibition on May 1, 1851
AD. American writer James Fenimore Cooper dies on September 14, 1851 AD. The

New York Times is founded on September 18, 1851 AD. The French coup on
December 2, 1851 AD. The Australian gold rush starts in 1851 AD.

1852 AD
Louis Braille, the inventor of braille dies on January 6, 1852 AD. Russian novelist
and dramatist Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol dies on March 4, 1852 AD. Harriet Beecher
Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin is published on March 12, 1852 AD. The Second
Anglo-Burmese War 1852-1853 AD. German pedagogue and founder of the concept
of kindergarden, Friedrich Frobel dies on June 21, 1852 AD. Louis-Napoleon
Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of the French as Napoleon III on December 2, 1852
AD.

1853 AD
The Crimean War 1853-1856 AD. The United States of America purchase
present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico with the Gadsden
Purchase on December 30, 1853 AD.

1854 AD
Francis Joseph I of Austria marries Elizabeth of Bavaria ("Sisi") on April 24, 1854
AD. The Republican Party is founded by anti-slavery activists on July 6, 1854 AD.
German physicist Georg Ohm dies on July 7, 1854 AD. The Siege of Sevastopol
begins on September 25, 1854 AD. Guatemalan President Rafael Carrera is named
President for Life on October 21, 1854 AD. The Papal bull Ineffabilis Deus issued by
Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1854 AD, proclaimed the dogma of Immaculate
Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Senegal is proclaimed French colony in 1854
AD. The British recognize independence of the Orange Free State in 1854 AD.

1855 AD
Alexander II of Russia succeeds his father Nicholas I as Emperor and Autocrat of
All the Russians on March 2, 1855 AD. Allied Ottoman, French and British forces
capture the Crimean city of Sevastopol on September 8, 1855 AD. The Bessemer
process is invented by the English engineer and inventor Henry Bessemer in 1855
AD. Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana is overthrown on September 11,
1855 AD.

1856 AD
German poet and journalist Heinrich Heine dies on February 17, 1856 AD. The
Treaty of Paris signed on March 30, 1856 AD, ends the Crimean War. Italian
physicist and chemist Amedeo Avogadro dies on July 9, 1856 AD. German composer
Robert Schumann dies on July 29, 1856 AD. American filibuster William Walker
proclaims himself President of the Republic of Nicaragua in 1856 AD.

1857 AD
The Indian Rebellion also known as the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 AD.
Inauguration of James Buchanan as the 15th President of the United States on March
4, 1857 AD.

1858 AD
Benito Juarez, a Zapotec Amerindian becomes the first indigenous national
President of Mexico on January 19, 1858 AD. Scottish botanist Robert Brown dies on
June 10, 1858 AD. The last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II is overthrown and
exiled by the British in 1858 AD.

1859 AD
German naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt dies on May 6, 1859
AD. The Colorado Gold Rush also known as Pike's Peak Gold Rush starts in May
1859 AD. German geographer and one of the founders of modern geography, Carl

Ritter dies on September 28, 1859 AD. The Treaty of Zurich signed on November 10,
1859 AD, ends the Austro-Sardinian War. American writer Washington Irving dies on
November 28, 1859 AD. Charles Darwin's theory On the Origin of Species is
published in 1859 AD. The French capture Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) in 1859 AD.

1860 AD to 1869 AD
1860 AD
The Expedition of the Thousand is led by Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi
in May 1860 AD. Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th President of the United States
on November 9, 1860 AD.

1861 AD
Wilhelm I (Wilhelm the Great) succeeds his brother Frederick William IV as King
of Prussia on January 2, 1861 AD. Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko dies on March
10, 1861 AD. Victor Emmanuel II is crowned King of Italy on March 17, 1861 AD.
The outbreak of the American Civil War on April 12, 1861 AD.

1862 AD
American inventor Samuel Colt dies on January 10, 1862 AD. The United
Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia came to be known as Romania on January
24, 1862 AD. Otto von Bismarck is appointed Prime Minister of Prussia on
September 24, 1862 AD. King Otto I of Greece is overthrown in a coup on October
24, 1862 AD.

1863 AD
The January Uprising in Poland begins on January 22, 1863 AD. Danish Prince
George is elected King of Greece on March 30, 1863 AD. The French capture Mexico
in June 1863 AD. The Union forces defeat the Confederates in the Battle of
Gettysburg on July 1-3, 1863 AD. French painter Eugene Delacroix dies on August
13, 1863 AD. Christian IX succeeds Frederick VII as King of Denmark on November
15, 1863 AD. English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray dies on December 24,
1863 AD. The International Committee of the Red Cross is founded in Geneva in
1863 AD.

1864 AD
The Second Schleswig War breaks out on February 1, 1864 AD. The second son
of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria, Maximilian is crowned Emperor of Mexico on
April 10, 1864 AD. German-Jewish socialist activist Ferdinand Lassalle dies on
August 31, 1864 AD. The first International Workingmen's Association is founded in
London on September 28, 1864 AD. English mathematician and philosopher George
Boole dies on December 8, 1864 AD. Jules Verne's novel A Journey to the Centre of
the Earth is published in 1864 AD. The War of the Triple Alliance 1864- 1870 AD.

1865 AD
French socialist and mutualist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon dies on
January 19, 1865 AD. The Army of the Northern Virginia under the command of
General Robert E. Lee surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Court House on April 9,
1865 AD. US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated on April 14, 1865 AD. Irish
mathematician, physician and astronomer Sir William Rowan Hamilton dies o
September 2, 1865 AD.

1866 AD
The Austro-Prussian War begins on June 14, 1866 AD. The Prussian forces under
the command of Helmut von Moltke decisively defeat the Austrians in the Battle of
Koniggratz or Battle of Sadowa on July 3, 1866 AD.

1867 AD

French painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres dies on January 14, 1867 AD. The
creation of Austria-Hungary on March 15, 1867 AD. The United States of America
purchase Alaska from Russia on March 30, 1867 AD. The Treaty of London signed
on May 11, 1867 AD, resolves the Luxembourg Crisis. Maximilian I, Emperor of
Mexico is executed on June 19, 1867 AD. The Dominion of Canada is founded by the
Constitution Act on July 1, 1867 AD. English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday
dies on August 25, 1867 AD. Swedish chemist and innovator Alfred Nobel patents
dynamite in 1867 AD. The last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigns on November
9, 1867 AD.

1868 AD
Japanese Emperor Meiji restores the Imperial power on January 3, 1868 AD.
French physicist Leon Foucault dies on February 11, 1868 AD. Italian composer
Gioachino Rossini dies on November 13, 1868 AD.

1869 AD
Inauguration of Ulysses Simpson Grant as the 18th President of the United States
on March 4, 1869 AD. German composer Johann Carl Gottfried Loewe dies on April
20, 1869 AD. The Suez Canal is opened by Empress consort of the French, Eugenie
de Montijo on November 17, 1869 AD.

1870 AD to 1879 AD
1870 AD
Death of Paraguayan president Francisco Solano Lopez at Aquidabangui on
March 1, 1870 AD, marks the end of the War of the Triple Alliance. German
archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann claims to have discovered Troy in April 1870 AD.
English novelist Charles Dickens dies on June 9, 1870 AD. The First Vatican Council
declares papal infallibility on July 19, 1870 AD. The Prussian decisively defeat the
French troops and capture Napoleon III of France in the Battle of Sedan on September
2, 1870 AD. The Third French Republic is declared on September 4, 1870 AD.
Capture of Rome by the Italian forces on September 20, 1870 AD, ends the Italian
unification (the Risorgimento). French writer Alexandre Dumas, pere dies on
December 5, 1870 AD.

1871 AD
Coronation of Wilhelm the Great as German Emperor on January 18, 1871 AD,
ends the German unification.

1872 AD
Scottish physicist William John Macquorn Rankine dies on December 24, 1872
AD.

1873 AD
Amadeo of Spain abdicates on February 11, 1873 AD. The First Spanish Republic
is proclaimed on February 12, 1873 AD. German chemist Justus von Liebig dies on
April 18, 1873 AD. Scottish explorer David Livingstone dies on May 5, 1873 AD.
The economic crisis known as the Panic of 1873. The League of the Three Emperors Alexander II of Russia, Franz Joseph I of Austria- Hungary and Wilhelm I of
Germany is created on October 22, 1873 AD.

1874 AD
German scientist and inventor Johann Philipp Reis dies on January 14, 1874 AD.
Restoration of monarchy in Spain under Alfonso XII on December 29, 1874 AD.

1875 AD
French painter Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot dies on February 22, 1875 AD. The
War in sight crisis occurs in 1875 AD. Danish writer and poet Hans Christian

Andersen dies on August 4, 1875 AD. Japan cedes south Sakhalin to Russia in return
for the Kuril Islands on May 7, 1875 AD.

1876 AD
Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin dies on July 1, 1876 AD. German inventor
Nicolaus Otto develops the first internal-combustion engine in 1876 AD. Scottish
scientist and inventor Alexander Graham Bell patents the first practical telephone in
1876 AD.

1877 AD
Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom adds Empress of India to her title on
January 1, 1877 AD. Porfirio Diaz becomes President of Mexico on February 15,
1877 AD. The Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878 AD. William Fox Talbot, inventor of
calotype process dies on September 17, 1877 AD. American scientist and inventor
Thomas Alva Edison invents phonograph in 1877 AD. The last ex-samurai rebellion
in Japan known as the Satsuma Rebellion occurs in 1877 AD. French painter Gustave
Courbet dies on December 31, 1877 AD.

1878 AD
Russian poet and writer Nikolay Nekrasov dies on January 8, 1878 AD. Umberto I
succeeds his deceased father as King of Italy on January 9, 1878 AD. The Treaty of
San Stefano signed on March 3, 1878 AD, ends the Russo-Turkish War. Friedrich
Nietzsche's Human, All Too Human is published in 1878 AD. German physician and
physicist Julius Robert von Mayer dies on March 20, 1878 AD. The Congress of
Berlin is opened on June 13, 1878 AD. The British capture Kabul and Kandahar in
1878 AD.

1879 AD
Patrice de Mac-Mahon resigns as President of the French Republic on January 30,
1879 AD, and is succeeded by Jules Grevy. Belgian novelist Charles De Coster dies
on May 7, 1879 AD. Scottish physicist and mathematician James Clerk Maxwell dies
on November 5, 1879 AD. The War of the Pacific between Chile and Bolivia 18791884 AD. Thomas Alva Edison invents the practical electric bulb in 1879 AD.

1880 AD to 1889 AD
1880 AD
French writer Gustave Flaubert dies on May 8, 1880AD. The First Boer War
1880-1881 AD.

1881 AD
The Mahdist War breaks out in Sudan in January 1881 AD. Russian writer Fyodor
Dostoyevsky dies on February 9, 1881 AD. Alexander II of Russia is assassinated on
March 13, 1881 AD. Romania is proclaimed kingdom on March 26, 1881 AD. British
politician Benjamin Disraeli dies on April 19, 1881 AD. The Pretoria Convention
signed on August 3, 1881 AD, ends the First Boer War. The Urabi Revolt against
Ottoman and European influence breaks out in Egypt in September 1881 AD. US
President James Abram Garfield dies from a shot wound on September 19, 1881 AD.
Vice President Chester Alan Arthur succeeds the deceased James A. Garfield as
President of the United States on September 20, 1881 AD.

1882 AD
Milan Obrenovi, ruler of the Principality of Serbia is crowned King of Serbia on
March 6, 1882 AD. English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies on April 9,
1882 AD. English naturalist Charles Darwin dies on April 19, 1882 AD. American
poet, essayist and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson dies on April 27, 1882 AD. The
Triple Alliance is formed between Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy on May 20,

1882 AD. Hungarian poet and writer Janos Arany dies October 22, 1882 AD. The
British suppress the Urabi Revolt making Egypt de facto a British protectorate on
September 13, 1882 AD.

1883 AD
German composer Richard Wagner dies on February 13, 1883 AD. German
philosopher, political economist and communist theorist Karl Marx dies on March 14,
1883 AD. French painter Edouard Manet dies on April 30, 1883 AD. The Orient
Express is opened on June 5, 1883 AD. The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa destroys the
island of Krakatoa. The Treaty of Ancon signed on October 20, 1883 AD, ends the
War of the Pacific.

1884 AD
Augustian priest and scientist Gregor Mendel dies on January 6, 1984 AD. Czech
composer Bedrich Smetana dies on May 22, 1884 AD. German zoologist Alfred
Brehm dies on August 1, 1884 AD. The Sino-French War 1884-1885 AD. The Berlin
Conference is held in 1884-1885 AD to regulate European colonization of Africa.

1885 AD
Inauguration of Grover Cleveland as the 21st President of the United States on
March 4, 1885 AD. French poet and writer Victor Hugo dies on May 22, 1885 AD.
The Serbo-Bulgarian War 1885- 1886 AD. Leader of the North-West Rebellion,
Louis Riel is executed for treason on November 16, 1885 AD. Ito Hirobumi becomes
the first Prime Minister of Japan on December 22, 1885 AD. The first skyscraper is
build in Chicago in 1885 AD. The Third Anglo-Burmese War 1885-1886 AD.

1886 AD
Burma is annexed by the British on January 1, 1886 AD. Hungarian composer
Franz Liszt dies on July 31, 1886 AD. The American Federation of Labor is founded
on December 8, 1886 AD.

1887 AD
The establishment of the French Indochina in 1887 AD. Johannesburg is founded
in October 1887 AD.

1888 AD
Saint John Bosco also known as Don Bosco dies on January 31, 1888 AD.
Wilhelm the Great dies on March 9, 1888 AD. Brunei becomes a British protectorate
in 1888 AD. Wilhelm II succeeds his deceased father Frederick III as German
Emperor on June 14, 1888 AD.

1889 AD
Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison as the 23rd President of the United States on
March 4, 1889 AD. The Eiffel Tower is built in 1889 AD. The Exposition Universelle
is opened in Paris on May 6, 1889 AD. The Treaty of Berlin signed on June 14, 1889
AD, creates joint British-American-German government of Samoa. Romanian poet
Mihai Eminescu dies on June 15, 1889 AD. The Second International is founded in
Paris in July 1889 AD. The Pan-American Conference is opened on October 2, 1889
AD. English physicist James Prescott Joule dies on October 11, 1889 AD. Peter II of
Brazil is overthrown in a Republican coup on October 15, 1889 AD.

1890 AD to 1899 AD
1890 AD
Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh commits suicide on July 29, 1890 AD. Personal
union of Luxembourg with the Kingdom of the Netherlands falls apart on the death of
William III of the Netherlands on November 23, 1890 AD. The first subway is opened

in London in 1890 AD. The Wounded Knee Massacre occurs on December 29, 1890
AD.

1891 AD
The Chilean Civil War of 1891 AD. Russian novelist Ivan Goncharov dies on
September 27, 1891 AD. American writer Herman Melville dies on September 28,
1891 AD.

1892 AD
American poet Walt Whitman dies on March 26, 1892 AD. German inventor
Ernst Werner von Siemens dies on December 6, 1892 AD.

1893 AD
French historian and philosopher Hippolyte Taine dies on March 5, 1893 AD.
Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky dies on November 11, 1893 AD.
Independent Labour Party is founded in the United Kingdom in 1893 AD.

1894 AD
German physicist Heinrich Hertz dies on January 1, 1894 AD. Belgian musical
instrument designer and inventor of the saxophone, Adolphe Sax dies on February 4,
1894 AD. The Coxey's Army, a protest march of unemployed workers on Washington
D.C. takes place on May 1, 1894 AD. French President Marie Francois Sadi Carnot is
assassinated on June 24, 1894 AD. The First Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 AD.
Nicholas II succeeds his deceased father Alexander III as Russian Tsar on November
11, 1894 AD. Captain Alfred Dreyfus is convicted for treason on December 22, 1894
AD. Japanese physician and bacteriologist Kitasato Shibasaburo discovers the
bacterium causing bubonic plague in 1894 AD.

1895 AD
The Treaty of Shimonoseki signed on April 17, 1895 AD, ends the First SinoJapanese War. German philosopher and co-author of The Communist Manifesto,
Friedrich Engels dies on August 5, 1895 AD. French chemist and microbiologist
Louis Pasteur dies on September 28, 1895 AD. German physicist Wilhelm Conrad
Rontgen discovers x-rays on November 8, 1895 AD. The Cuban War of Independence
1895-1898 AD.

1896 AD
The Jameson Raid on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic on January 2, 1896 AD,
fails. The first modern Olympic Games are held in Greece from April 6 to April 15,
1896 AD. French physicist Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity in 1896 AD. The
Philippine Revolution 1896-1898 AD. Madagascar is annexed by France in 1896 AD.

1897 AD
Inauguration of William McKinley as the 25th President of the United States on
March 4, 1897 AD. German composer Johannes Brahms dies on April 3, 1897 AD.
The First Zionist Congress is held in Basel in August 1897 AD.

1898 AD
English writer Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) dies on January 14,
1898 AD. British statesman William Ewart Gladstone dies on May 19, 1898 AD. The
Spanish-American War breaks out in April 1898 AD. The British decisively defeat
the Madhi forces in the Battle of Omdurman on September 2, 1898 AD. Elizabeth of
Austria (Sisi) is assassinated on September 10, 1898 AD. Chinese Empress Dowager
Cixi stops the Hundred Day's Reform initiated by Guangxu Emperor on September
21, 1898 AD. Pierre and Marie Curie discover polonium and radium in 1898 AD. The
Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 AD, ends the Spanish-American War.

1899 AD

Austrian composer Johann Strauss II dies on June 3, 1899 AD. The First Hague
Convention is signed on July 27, 1899 AD. The Second Boer War 1899-1902 AD.

20th Century history +

1900 AD to 1905 AD
1900 AD
The Labour Party (UK) is founded on February 27/28, 1900 AD. German
industrialist and inventor Gottlieb Daimler dies on March 6, 1900 AD. The first
Zeppelin flight takes place on July 2, 1900 AD. The 1900 Summer Olympics are held
in Paris. Umberto I of Italy is assassinated on July 29, 1900 AD, and id succeeded by
his son Victor Emmanuel III. Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is
published in 1900 AD. Irish-English writer Oscar Wilde dies on November 30, 1900
AD. The Boxer Rebellion breaks out in China in 1900 AD. German physicist and the
founder of the quantum theory Max Planck dies on December 4, 1900 AD. William
McKinley is reelected President of the United States on November 6, 1900 AD.

1901 AD
The establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia on January 1, 1901 AD.
Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies on January 22, 1901 AD. Italian
composer Giuseppe Verdi dies on January 27, 1901 AD. The Boxer Rebellion is
suppressed by the Eight-Nation Alliance (Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, Italy,
Russia, the United Kingdom, USA and Japan) on September 7, 1901 AD. US
President William McKinley dies from a shot wound on September 14, 1901 AD, and
is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. The first Nobel Prizes are
awarded on December 10, 1901 AD.

1902 AD
The Treaty of Vereeniging signed on May 31, 1902 AD, ends the Third Boer War.
Arthur James Balfour becomes the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on July 12,
1902 AD. Edward VII is crowned King of the United Kingdom on August 9, 1902
AD. French writer Emile Zola dies on September 29, 1902 AD.

1903 AD
French painter Paul Gauguin dies on May 8, 1903 AD. Alexander I of Serbia is
assassinated by a group of Army officers on June 10, 1903 AD. The first Tour de
France starts on July 1, 1903 AD. Pope Leo XIII dies on July 20, 1903 AD. Panama
declares independence from Colombia and grants the rights to build and administer
the Panama Canal to the United States on November 4, 1903 AD. French painter
Camille Pissarro dies on November 12, 1903 AD. The first controlled, powered and
heavier-than-air flight is made by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur on
December 17, 1903 AD.

1904 AD

(PARA ERROR)

The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 AD. The Ententecordiale is signed between France and the United Kingdom on March 8, 1904 AD.
Czech composer Antonin Dvorak dies on May 1, 1904 AD. The 1904 Summer
Olympics are held in St. Louis, Missouri. The "father of modern zionism", Theodor
Herzl dies on July 3, 1904 AD. Russian writer Anton Chekhov dies on July 15, 1904
AD. Theodore Roosevelt is elected President of the United States on November 8,
1904 AD.

1905 AD
The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens on January 1, 1905 AD. The Russian
Revolution of 1905 AD. The First Moroccan Crisis 1905-1906 AD. The Norwegians

vote in favor of dissolution of the union with Sweden on August 13, 1905 AD. The
Treaty of Portsmouth signed on September 5, 1905 AD, ends the Russo-Japanese
War.

1906 AD to 1910 AD
1906 AD
The San Francisco earthquake occurs on April 18, 1906 AD. Norwegian dramatist
Henrik Ibsen dies on May 23, 1906 AD. The ocean liner RMS Lusitania is launched
on June 7, 1906 AD. Alfred Dreyfus is officially exonerated on July 12, 1906 AD.
French painter Paul Cezanne dies on October 22, 1906 AD.

1907 AD
The Anglo-Russian Entente is signed on August 31, 1907 AD. French poet and
essayist Sully Prudhomme dies on September 7, 1907 AD. The Second Hague
Convention is signed on October 18, 1907 AD. The Harden-Eulenburg Affair 19071909 AD. Gustav V succeeds his deceased father Oscar II as King of Sweden on
December 8, 1907 AD. Pablo Picasso's paints the Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
introducing Cubism in 1907.

1908 AD
Carlos I of Portugal and his heir Luis Filipe are assassinated on February 1, 1908
AD. The 1908 Summer Olympics are held in London. The Daily Telegraph Affair of
1908 AD. Bulgaria declares independence from the Ottoman Empire on October 5,
1908 AD. Bosnia is annexed by Austria- Hungary on October 7, 1908 AD. The
Messina earthquake kills about 100,000 people in Sicily and southern Italy on
December 28, 1908 AD. Puyi becomes Emperor of China at age of two on December
2, 1908 AD.

1909 AD
Inauguration of William Taft as the 27th President of the United States on March
4, 1909 AD. American explorer Robert E. Peary becomes the first person to reach the
North Pole on April 6, 1909 AD. Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II is deposed on April
27, 1909 AD. French aviator Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English
Channel on July 25, 1909 AD. Albert I succeeds his deceased uncle Leopold II as
King of Belgium on December 17, 1909 AD.

1910 AD
American writer Mark Twain dies on April 21, 1910 AD. George V succeeds his
deceased father Edward VII as King of the United Kingdom in May 6, 1910 AD. The
establishment of the Union of South Africa (predecessor of the present-day Republic
of South Africa) on May 21, 1910 AD. Korea is annexed by Japan on August 22,
1910 AD. Prince Nicholas I is crowned King of Montenegro on August 28, 1910 AD.
French painter Henri Rousseau dies on September 4, 1910 AD. The Portuguese
Revolution on October 4/5, 1910 AD, results in the establishment of the First
Portuguese Republic. Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy dies on November 20, 1910 AD.
The Mexican Revolution starts in 1910 AD.

1911 AD to 1915 AD
1911 AD
Mexican President Porfirio Diaz is deposed on May 25, 1911 AD. Prime Minister
of Russia Pyotr Stolypin is assassinated in September 14, 1911 AD. The Italo-Turkish
War 1911-1912 AD. The Chinese Revolution of 1911 also known as Xinhai
Revolution starts on October 10, 1911 AD. French psychologist and inventor of the
first intelligence test, Alfred Binet dies on October 18, 1911 AD. Roald Amundsen
becomes the first person to reach the South Pole on November 14, 1911 AD.

American journalist Joseph Pulitzer dies on November 29, 1911 AD. American
academic and explorer Hiram Bingham III discovers Machu Picchu in 1911 AD.

1912 AD
New Mexico becomes the 47th state of the USA on January 6, 1912 AD. English
explorer Robert Falcon Scott reaches South Pole on January 17, 1912 AD, only to
discover to be preceded by Roald Amundsen's expedition. Chinese Emperor Puyi
abdicates on February 12, 1912 AD. Arizona becomes the 48th state to be admitted to
the USA on February 14, 1912 AD. The Republic of China is proclaimed on March
10, 1912 AD. German writer Karl May dies on March 30, 1912 AD. The RMS Titanic
sinks on April 15, 1912 AD. The Treaty of Lausanne signed on July 24, 1912 AD,
ends the Italo-Turkish War. Taisho succeeds his deceased father Emperor Meiji as
Emperor of Japan on July 30, 1912 AD. The First Balkan War between the Balkan
League (Serbian, Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro) and the Ottoman Empire starts
on October 8, 1912 AD. Woodrow Wilson is elected President of the United States on
November 5, 1912 AD.

1913 AD
George I of Greece is assassinated on March 18, 1913 AD. The Treaty of London
signed on May 30, 1913 AD, ends the First Balkan War. The Second Balkan War
between Bulgaria and its former allies starts on June 29, 1913 AD. The Treaty of
Bucharest signed on August 10, 1913 AD, ends the Second Balkan War. Crete is
annexed by Greece on December 14, 1913 AD.

1914 AD
Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand and his spouse Sophie, Duchess of
Hohenberg are assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 AD. President of Mexico,
Victoriano Huerta resigns on July 15, 1914 AD. Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia on July 28, 1914 AD, starting the World War I. The Germans occupy
Luxembourg on August 2, 1914 AD. The United States of America declare neutrality
in the World War I on August 4-5, 1914 AD. The Panama Canal is officially opened
on August 15, 1914 AD. The Serbian forces defeat the invading Austro-Hungarian
Army in the Battle of Cer on August 16-19, 1914 AD. The German troops capture
Brussels on August 20, 1914 AD. The Germans defeat the Russian forces in the Battle
of Tannenberg on August 23-31, 1914 AD. Allied French and British forces stop the
German advance in the First Battle of Marne on September 5-12, 1914 AD. New
Zealand captures New Guinea from the Germans in October 1914 AD. The United
Kingdom annexes Cyprus on November 5, 1914 AD. The British Royal Navy
severely defeats the German fleet in the Battle of Falkland Islands on December 8,
1914 AD. Egypt is proclaimed the British protectorate on December 18, 1914 AD.

1915 AD
American engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor dies on March 21, 1915 AD. The
first use of chemical warfare at the Second Battle of Ypres on April 22, 1915 AD.
Beginning of the Gallipoli Campaign on April 25, 1915 AD. Italy signs the Treaty of
London and joins the Triple Entente on April 26, 1915 AD. The RMS Lusitania,
ocean liner is sunk by the Germans on May 7, 1915 AD. The Germans occupy
Warsaw on August 5, 1915 AD. The Zimmerwald Conference is held in September
1915 AD.

1916 AD to 1918 AD
1916 AD
The Battle of Verdun is fought from February 21 to December 18, 1916 AD.
American writer Henry James dies on February 28, 1916 AD. Mexican revolutionary

Pancho Villa invades New Mexico on March 9, 1916 AD. The Easter Rising against
British rule in Ireland takes place from April 24 to April 30, 1916 AD. The SykesPicot Agreement concluded on May 16, 1916 AD, divides Western Asia on spheres of
interests between France and the United Kingdom. The United States occupy the
Dominican Republic in May 1916 AD. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence
also known as Lawrence of Arabia leads the Arab Revolt of 1916-1918 AD. The
Battle of Some is fought from July 1 to November 18, 1916 AD. Woodrow Wilson is
reelected President of the United States on November 7, 1916 AD. Polish writer
Henryk Sienkiewicz dies on November 15, 1916 AD. Franz Joseph I of Austria dies
on November 21, 1916 AD, and is succeeded by Charles I. American writer Jack
London commits suicide on November 22, 1916 AD. David Lloyd George becomes
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on December 7, 1916 AD. Russian mystic
Grigori Rasputin is murdered on December 30, 1916 AD.

1917 AD
The February Revolution in Russia March 8-12 (February 23-27 in Old Style),
1916 AD. Nicholas II and the royal family are placed under house arrest on March 21,
1917 AD. The United States enter the World War I on April 6, 1917 AD. The First
Congress of Soviets opens on June 16, 1917. The third Battle of Ypres is fought from
July 31 to November 6, 1917 AD. The United States purchase the Virgin Islands from
Denmark on August 4, 1917 AD. French artist Edgar Degas dies on September 26,
1917 AD. Frisian exotic dancer Mata Hari is executed for espionage on October 15,
1917 AD. The Bolsheviks seize power in the October Revolution on October 25
(November 7 in Old Style), 1917 AD. French positivist sociologist Emile Durkheim
dies on November 15, 1917 AD. Georges Clemenceau becomes Prime Minister of
France on November 16, 1917 AD. French sculptor Auguste Rodin dies on November
17, 1917 AD. Finland declares independence on December 17, 1917 AD. American
soldier and bison hunter William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody dies on December 17,
1917 AD.

1918 AD
US President Woodrow Wilson presents his Fourteen Points on January 8, 1918
AD. Austrian painter Gustav Klimt dies on February 6, 1918 AD. The Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk signed on March 3, 1918 AD, ends the war between Soviet Russia and
the Central Powers. The capital of Soviet Russia is moved from St Petersburg to
Moscow on March 12, 1918 AD. German fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen
commonly known as the Red Baron is killed on April 21, 1918 AD. The Second
Battle of Marne is fought from July 15 to August 6, 1918 AD. Nicholas II of Russia
and the royal family are executed on July 16, 1918 AD. The Imperial Manifesto of
October 16, 1918 AD. Hungary declares independence on October 17, 1918 AD.
Poland declares independence on November 6, 1918 AD. Czechoslovakia declares
independence on October 28, 1918 AD. The German Revolution starts on November
3, 1918 AD. William II of Germany abdicates on November 9, 1918 AD. The
armistice is signed between the Allies and Germany on November 11, 1918 AD.
Iceland declares independence from Denmark on December 1, 1918 AD. The
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is
established on December 1, 1918 AD. The Russian Civil War is fought between the
Bolshevik Reds Army and anti-Bolshevik White Army from 1918 to 1920 AD.

1919 AD to 1922 AD
1919 AD

The Spartacist uprising breaks out in Germany on January 5, 1919 AD. The Paris
Peace Conference opens on January 18, 1919 AD. The First Dail declares
independence of Ireland from the United Kingdom on January 21, 1919 AD, starting
the Irish War of Independence. The League of Nations is founded at the Paris Peace
Conference on January 25, 1919 AD. Friedrich Ebert is elected President of Germany
(the Weimar Republic) on February 11, 1919 AD. The Polish-Soviet War starts in
February 1919 AD. The March 1st Movement against Japanese rule takes place in
Korea on March 1, 1919 AD. The Communist International (Comintern) is founded in
March 1919 AD. The National Fascist Party is founded by Benito Mussolini on
March 23, 1919 D. The May 4th Movement in China starts on May 4, 1919 AD. The
Greco-Turkish War breaks out on May 15, 1919 AD. British aviators John Alcock
and Arthur Whitten Brown make the first non-stop transatlantic flight on June 15,
1919 AD. French painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir dies on December 3, 1919 AD.

1920 AD
The Amendment introducing Prohibition in the United States is ratified on
January 16, 1920 AD. Italian painter and sculptor Amedeo Modigliani dies on January
25, 1920 AD. Estonia declares independence on February 2, 1920 AD. The Nazi Party
(National Socialist German Workers' Party) is established on February 2, 1920 AD.
Allied Polish and Ukrainian forces capture Kiev on May 8, 1920 AD. The Soviet
invasion of Poland on July 6, 1920 AD. German sociologist, historian and political
economist Max Weber dies on June 14, 1920 AD. The 1920 Summer Olympics are
held in Antwerp. Women's suffrage in the United States is ratified on August 28, 1920
AD. Warren Harding is elected President of the United States on November 2, 1920
AD. Gdansk (Danzig) is declared free city on November 15, 1920 AD.

1921 AD
The Peace of Riga signed on February 9, 1921 AD, ends the Polish-Soviet War.
The Kronstadt Rebellion against the Bolshevik government takes place on February
28, 1921 AD. Adolf Hitler becomes President of the Nazi Party on July 29, 1921 AD.
Canadian medical scientist Frederick Banting and John James Richard Macleod
discover insulin in July 1921 AD. Italian tenor Enrico Caruso dies on August 2, 1921
AD. Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Granjo is assassinated on October 19, 1921
AD. Scottish inventor John Boyd Dunlop dies on October 23, 1921 AD. The
International PEN is founded in 1921 AD. The establishment of the Irish Free State
on December 6, 1921 AD.

1922 AD
Cardinal Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti is elected Pope (Pius XI) on February
6, 1922 AD. The Kingdom of Egypt is proclaimed on February 28, 1922 AD. Irish
Civil War breaks out on June 28, 1922 AD. William Thomas Cosgrave is elected
President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State on September 9, 1922 AD.
Constantine I of Greece abdicates on September 27, 1922 AD, and is succeeded by his
son George II. Mussolini's March on Rome takes place from October 27 to October
28, 1922 AD. Benito Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy on October 31, 1922
AD. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire on November 1, 1922 AD. British
archaeologist Howard Carter discovers the tomb of Tutankhamun on November 4,
1922 AD. French novelist Marcel Proust dies on November 18, 1922 AD. The
establishment of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) on December 30,
1922 AD.

1923 AD to 1926 AD
1923 AD

Czech humorist Jaroslav Haek dies on January 3, 1923 AD. The French and
Belgians occupy Ruhr on January 11, 1923 AD. Prince George, Duke of York (later
George VI of the United Kingdom) marries Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later Queen
Elizabeth The Queen Mother) on April 26, 1923 AD. The Wimbledon ladies singles is
won by Suzanne Lengthen for the fifth time on July 6, 1923 AD. US President
Warren Harding dies on August 2, 1923 AD, and is succeeded by Vice President
Calvin Coolidge. The 1923 Great Kanto earthquake occurs on September 1, 1923 AD.
Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera overthrows the parliamentary government
and establish himself as dictator on September 13, 1923 AD. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
becomes the first President of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923 AD.
Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch on October 9, 1923 AD, fails. Adolf Hitler is arrested for
high treason on November 11, 1923 AD.

1924 AD
The leader of the October Revolution and premier of the USSR, Vladimir Lenin
dies on January 21, 1924 D. Ramsay MacDonald becomes the firs British Labour
Prime Minister on January 23, 1924 AD. The first Winter Olympics are opened in
Chamonix on January 25, 1924 AD. Greek parliament deposes George II of Greece
and proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic on March 23, 1924 AD. Adolf Hitler is
sentenced to five years in prison on April 1, 1924 AD. American architect Louis
Sullivan dies on April 14, 1924 AD. The 1924 Summer Olympics are held in Paris.
Austrian writer Franz Kafka dies on June 3, 1924 AD. The Dawes Plan is introduced
on September 1, 1924 AD. French poet and writer Anatole France dies on October 12,
1924 AD. Italian composer Giacomo Puccini dies on November 29, 1924 AD. Calvin
Coolidge is reelected President of the United States on November 4, 1924 AD. Adolf
Hitler is released from prison on December 30, 1924 AD.

1925 AD
Benito Mussolini establish himself as dictator on January 3, 1924 AD. The Sheikh
Said Rebellion in Kurdistan region in Turkey takes place from on February 28 to
April 16, 1925 AD. Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen dies on March 3, 1925
AD. Chiang Kai-shek becomes the commandant of Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist
Party) on March 12, 1925 AD. Paul von Hindenburg is elected President of Germany
on April 25, 1925 AD. Establishment of the Iranian Imperial State under Reza Shah
Pahlavi on October 31, 1925 AD. The Locarno Treaties signed by Italy, France,
German and the United Kingdom on December 1, 1925 AD, divide European borders
into those granted by the treaty (western) and those (eastern) open for revision.

1926 AD
The first working television system is invented by John Logie Baird in January
1926 AD. General Strike in the United Kingdom starts on May 3, 1926 AD. American
scientist Robert H. Goddard builds the first liquid-fueled rocket on March 16, 1926
AD. The 28 May 1926 coup by General Gomes da Costa ends the Portuguese First
Republic. Jozef Pilsudski establish himself as dictator in Poland on June 1, 1926 AD.
Italian actor Rudolph Valentino dies on August 23, 1926 AD. Hungarian-American
magician Harry Houdini dies on October 31, 1926 AD. American firearms designer
John Browning dies on November 26, 1926 AD. French painter Claude Monet dies on
December 5, 1926 AD. Hirohito succeeds his deceased father Taisho as Emperor of
Japan on December 25, 1926 AD. The Kingdom of Afghanistan is established by
Amanullah Khan in 1926 AD.

1927 AD to 1931 AD
1927 AD

American aviator Charles Lindbergh makes the first non-stop transatlantic flight
on May 21, 1927 AD. The Chinese Civil War 1927-1937 AD. Swedish scientist
Svante Arrhenius dies on October 2, 1927 AD. Leon Trotsky is expelled from the
Russian Communist Party on November 15, 1927 AD.

1928 AD
Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz dies on February 4, 1928 AD. Chiang Kai-shek
captures Beijing and unifies China under the Koumintang on June 8, 1928 AD.
American aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo across the
Atlantic on June 18, 1928 AD. Alvaro Obregon, the winner of the Mexican
presidential elections is assassinated on July 17, 1928 AD. The 1928 Summer
Olympics are held in Amsterdam. The Kellogg-Briand Pact, a multilateral pact
against war is signed by 15 states on August 27, 1928 AD. Ahmet Zogu crowns
himself King of Albania on September 1, 1928 AD. The First Five-Year Plan is
launched in the USSR on October 1, 1928 AD. Chiang Kai-shek is elected President
of the Republic of China on October 6, 1928 AD. Herbert Hoover is reelected
President of the United States on November 7, 1928 AD. British bacteriologist
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin in 1928 AD.

1929 AD
Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Union on January 3, 1929 AD. Benito
Mussolini and Pope Pius XI sign the Lateran Treaty which solved the Roman
Question and established the Vatican City on February 11, 1929 AD. German
engineer and inventor Karl Benz dies on April 4, 1929 AD. The first Academy
Awards (Oscars) are presented on May 16, 1929 AD. The Wall Street Crash or the
Black Tuesday (in Europe known as the Black Friday due to time difference) occurs
on October 24, 1929 AD.

1930 AD
Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns on January 28, 1930 AD. English
poet, playwright and essayist D. H. Lawrence dies on March 2, 1930 AD. Mahatma
Gandhi leads the Salt March to Dandi on March 12, 1930 AD. Russian poet and
playwright Vladimir Mayakovsky commits suicide on April 14, 1930 AD. Scottish
writer Arthur Conan Doyle best known for stories of Sherlock Holmes dies on July 7,
1930 AD. The Nazis win 18,3% of the vote and become the second largest party at the
Reichstag elections on September 14, 1930 AD. Brazilian President Washington Luis
Pereira de Sousa is overthrown in the 1930 Revolution on October 4, 1930 AD.
France starts to built the Maginot Line in 1930 AD. Ras Tafari is crowned as Haile
Selassie I of Ethiopia on November 2, 1930 AD.

1931 AD
Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova dies on January 23, 1931 AD. The British Union
of Fascists is founded by Oswald Mosley on February 28, 1931 AD. The StarSpangled Banner written by Francis Scott Key becomes the national anthem of the
United States on March 3, 1931 AD. The Second Spanish Republic is established on
April 12, 1931 AD. The Empire State Building is opened on May 1, 1931 AD. The
Hoover Moratorium issued on August 11, 1930 AD, proposes one-year moratorium
on reparation payments and war debts. The Japanese invade Manchuria on September
18, 1931 AD. American gangster Al Capone is sentenced to eleven years in prison on
November 24, 1931 AD. The Statute of Westminster passed on December 11, 1930
AD, grants the dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Irish
Free State and Newfoundland autonomy within the United Kingdom.

1932 AD to 1935 AD

1932 AD
English writer Edgar Wallace dies on February 10, 1932 AD. Paul von
Hindenburg defeats Adolf Hitler in the German Presidential elections on March 13,
1932 AD. French President Paul Doumer is assassinated on May 6, 1932 AD. Antonio
de Oliveira Salazar becomes Prime Minister of Portugal on July 5, 1932 AD. The
1932 Summer Olympics are held in Los Angeles. The Nazi Party wins the Reichstag
elections on July 31, 1932 AD. The Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay 19321935 AD. German chancellor Franz von Papen dissolves the Reichstag on September
12, 1932 AD. Ibn Saud unites Saudi Arabia in 1932 AD. British physicist John
Cockcroft split the atom in 1932 AD.

1933 AD
Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933 AD. The
Reichstag fire occurs on February 27, 1933 AD. Inauguration of Franklin Delano
Roosevelt as the 32nd President of the United States on March 4, 1932 AD. The Poles
occupy Gdansk (Danzig) on March 6, 1932 AD. The Dachau concentration camp is
opened by the Nazis on March 20, 1933 AD. Franklin D. Roosevelt launches the New
Deal in March 1933 AD. Hitler establish himself as dictator with the Enabling Act
signed by President Paul von Hindenburg on March 23, 1933 AD. The Burning of the
Books by Nazis takes place on May 10, 1933 AD. The Nazis ban all political parties
in Germany on July 14, 1933 AD. American aviator Wiley Post finishes the first solo
flight around the world on July 22, 1933 AD. King of Afghanistan, Mohammed Nadir
Shah is assassinated on November 8, 1933 AD. The Prohibition in the United States is
repealed on December 5, 1933 AD.

1934 AD
The Austrian Civil War also known as the February Uprising takes place from
February 12 to February 16, 1934 AD. English composer Edward Elgar dies on
February 23, 1934 AD. Puyi is installed as ruler of the Japanese puppet state of
Manchukuo on March 1, 1934 AD. American criminals Bonnie and Clyde are killed
by the police on May 23, 1934 AD. The Night of the Long Knives takes place in Nazi
Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934 AD. Federal Chancellor of Austria, Engelbert
Dollfuss is assassinated during the attempted coup by the Nazis on July 25, 1934 AD.
German President Paul von Hindenburg dies on August 2, 1934 AD. Adolf Hitler is
elected Fuhrer and Reichskanzler on August 19, 1934 AD. Alexander I of Yugoslavia
is assassinated on a state visit to the Third French Republic on October 9, 1934 AD.
The beginning of Mao Zedong's Long March on October 16, 1934 AD. The
assassination of Sergey Kirov on December 1, 1934 AD, initiates the Great Purge.
Japan denounces the Washington Naval Treaty (1922) on December 29, 1934 AD.

1935 AD
Saarland province votes in favor of rejoining with Germany on January 13, 1935
AD. Scottish physician and psychologist John James Richard Macleod dies on March
16, 1935 AD. Polish dictator Jozef Pilsudski dies on May 12, 1935 AD. The Sudeten
Germany Party becomes the strongest party in Czechoslovakia after the parliamentary
elections on May 19, 1935 AD. Stanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom on June 7, 1935 AD. The introduction of antisemitic Nuremberg
Laws of September 15, 1935 AD. The Italian invasion of Ethiopia also known as the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War starts on October 2, 1935 AD. Restoration of monarchy
in Greece on November 3, 1935 AD. President of Czechoslovakia Toma Garrigue
Masaryk resigns on December 14, 1935 AD.

1936 AD to 1938 AD

1936 AD
British writer Rudyard Kipling dies on January 18, 1936 AD. George V of the
United Kingdom dies on January 20, 1936 AD. The Popular Front wins the Spanish
elections on February 16, 1936 AD. Russian psychologist and physician Ivan Pavlov
dies on February 27, 1936 AD. The Nazi Party receives 99% of votes at the Reichtags
elections on March 29, 1936 AD. Farouk succeeds his deceased father Fuad I as King
of Egypt and the Sudan on April 28, 1936 AD. Ethiopia is annexed by Italy on May 6,
1936 AD. Nazi Germany occupies Saarland province on May 7, 1936 AD. The
Popular Front under Leon Blum forms the French government on June 4, 1936 AD.
Russian writer Maxim Gorky dies on June 18, 1936 AD. The outbreak of the Spanish
Civil War on July 17, 1936 AD. Adolf Hitler opens the 1936 Summer Olympics in
Berlin on August 1, 1936 AD. Spanish poet and dramatist Federico Garcia Lorca is
killed during the Spanish Civil War on August 18, 1936 AD. The formation of the
Rome-Berlin Axis on November 1, 1936 AD. Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected
President of the United States on November 3, 1936 AD. Nazi Germany and Japan
conclude the Anti-Comintern Pact on November 24, 1936 AD. Edward VIII of the
United Kingdom abdicates on December 10, 1936 AD.

1937 AD
The bombing of Guernica occurs on April 26, 1937 AD. The Hindenburg disaster
occurs on May 6, 1937 AD. Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom on May 28, 1937 AD. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Mikhail
Tukhachevsky is executed on June 12, 1937 AD. The Nationalist Army defeats the
Republican forces in the Battle of Bilbao on June 18, 1937 AD. The outbreak of the
Second Sino-Japanese War on July 7, 1937 AD. Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi
dies on July 20, 1937 AD. The Japanese capture Beijing on July 28, 1937 AD. The
Nazis open the Buchenwald concentration camp on August 1, 1937 AD. The Zionists
accept the partition plan of Palestine by the Peel Commission on August 2, 1937 AD.
Iraqi dictator Bakr Sidqi is assassinated on August 11, 1937 AD. New Zealand
chemist and physicist Ernest Rutherford dies on October 19, 1937 AD. Italy joins the
Anti-Comintern Pact on November 6, 1937 AD. The Japanese forces capture
Shanghai on November 8, 1937 AD. The San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge is
opened on November 12, 1937 AD. George VI is crowned King of the United
Kingdom on December 11, 1937 AD.

1938 AD
Italian poet, writer and political leader Gabriele d'Annunzio dies on March 1,
1938 AD. The Anschluss - annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany on March 12,
1938 AD. Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician Nikolai Bukharin is executed
on March 15, 1938 AD. Edouard Daladier becomes the French Prime Minister on
April 12, 1938 AD. Douglas Hyde is elected the first President of Ireland (Eire) on
May 4, 1938 AD. The Soviet-Japanese Border Wars 1938-1939 AD. The Munich
Agreement signed by Nazi Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy on
September 29, 1938 AD, gives the Sudetenland to Nazi Germany. The President of
Czechoslovakia, Edward Bene resigns on October 5, 1938 AD. Southern Slovakia is
annexed by Hungary on November 2, 1938 AD. The anti-Jewish pogrom in Nazi
Germany and Austria known as the Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass) occurs
on November 9-10, 1938 AD.

1939 AD to 1941 AD
1939 AD

Francisco Franco captures Barcelona with Italian aid on January 26, 1939 AD.
Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope (Pius XII) on March 2, 1939 AD. The
establishment of the Slovak State, a client state of Nazi Germany on March 14, 1939
AD. Hitler proclaims the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia on March 15, 1939
AD. The fall of Madrid on March 28, 1939 AD, ends the Spanish Civil War. The
Italian invasion of Albania starts on April 7, 1939 AD. The USSR proposes Britain a
defensive alliance on April 16, 1939 AD. Vyacheslav Molotov becomes the Peopler's
Commissar for Foreign Affairs on May 4, 1939 AD. The Pact of Steel is signed
between Italy and Nazi Germany on May 22, 1939 AD. The USSR and Nazi Germany
sign a non-aggression pact known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact on August 23,
1939 AD. The Anglo-Polish military alliance is signed on August 25, 1939 AD. Nazi
Germany attacks Poland on September 1, 1939 AD, starting the World War II. The
USSR invades eastern Poland on September 17, 1939 AD. Poland is annexed by Nazi
Germany on October 8, 1939 AD. The USSR attacks Finland on December 14, 1939
AD.

1940 AD
Soviet Russian novelist and playwright Mikhail Bulgakov dies on March 10, 1940
AD. The Moscow Peace Treaty signed by the USSR and Finland on March 12, 1940
AD, ends the Winter War. German troops invade Denmark and Norway on April 9,
1940 AD. German chemist Carl Bosch dies on April 26, 1940 AD. Winston Churchill
becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on May 10, 1940 AD. The Battle of
France also known as the Western Offensive starts on May 10, 1940 AD. The
Dunkirk evacuation takes place from May 26 to June 4, 1940 AD. The North African
Campaign starts on June 10, 1940 AD. The German forces capture Paris on June 14,
1940 AD. French Prime Minister Philippe Petain signs armistice with Nazi Germany
on June 22, 1940 AD. The USSR invades Romania on June 27, 1940 AD. The Vichy
France (officially the French State) is established by Philippe Petain on July 10, 1940
AD. The Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) are annexed by the USSR on
August 6, 1940 AD. Leon Trotsky is assassinated in Mexico on August 21, 1940 AD.
The Blitz bombing of London starts on September 7, 1940 AD. The Japanese invade
the French Indochina on September 22, 1940 AD. The Italian invasion of Greece
starts on October 28, 1940 AD. Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator is released in
October 1940 AD. Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected President of the United States
on November 5, 1940 AD.

1941 AD
Irish writer and poet James Joyce dies on January 13, 1941 AD. Field Marshal
Erwin Rommel is sent to North Africa to aid the Italians in February 1941 AD.
English writer Virginia Woolf commits suicide on March 25, 1941 AD. Nazi
Germany attacks the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941 AD. Italy is defeated
by the Allies in the East African Campaign on May 18, 1941 AD. The German
invasion of the Soviet Union known as the Operation Barbarossa starts on June 22,
1941 AD. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill sign the Atlantic Charter on
August 14, 1941 AD. The Allies force Reza Shah to abdicate on September 16, 1941
AD. German physicist and physical chemist Walther Nernst dies on November 18,
1941 AD. The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor occurs on December 7, 1941 AD. The
Japanese forces occupy Hong Kong on December 25, 1941 AD.

1942 AD to 1945 AD
1942 AD

25 governments sign the Atlantic Charter on January 1, 1942 AD, pledging not
seek or negotiate a separate peace with the Axis powers. The Wannsee Conference
about the "Final solution to the Jewish question" is held on January 20, 1942 AD.
British mathematician, physicist and chemist William Henry Bragg dies on March 12,
1942 AD. The Allies halt the Japanese 6-month long offensives in the Battle of Coral
Sea on May 5, 1942 AD. The United States forces decisively defeat the Imperial
Japanese Navy in the Battle of Midway lasting from June 3 to June 7, 1942 AD. The
Battle of Stalingrad starts on July 17, 1942 AD. The British Eight Army under the
command of Bernard Montgomery decisively defeats the Axis army in the Second
Battle of El Alamein from October 23 to November 5, 1942 AD. The Germans invade
Vichy France on November 9, 1942 AD.

1943 AD
Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla dies on January 7, 1943 AD. Winston Churchill,
Charles de Gaulle and Franklin D. Roosevelt meet at the Casablanca Conference on
January 14, 1943 AD. Karl Donitz replaces Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of
the German Navy on January 30, 1943 AD. The Germans surrender at Stalingrad on
January 31, 1943 AD. Bernard Montgomery breaks the Mareth Line on March 29,
1943 AD. Rommel retreats from Africa on March 9, 1943 AD. The Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising takes place from April 19 to May 16, 1943 AD. The Red Army defeats the
Germans in the Battle of Kursk from July 5 to August 23, 1943 AD. The Allied
invasion of Sicily takes place on July 5, 1943 AD. The Allied invasion of Italy on
September 3, 1943 AD. The capitulation of Italy on September 8, 1943 AD. Benito
Mussolini is rescued from prison by German paratroopers on September 12, 1943 AD.
Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet at the Tehran
Conference on November 28, 1943 AD.

1944 AD
Norwegian painter Edvard Munch dies on January 23, 1944 AD. The Allied forces
capture Solomon Islands from the Japanese on February 15, 1944 AD. Beginning of
the Soviet advance on the Eastern Front on March 4, 1944 AD. The Allies enter Rome
on June 4, 1944 AD. The Normandy Landings begin on June 6, 1944 AD. Failed
assassination of Hitler by a group of military officers on June 20, 1944 AD. The
Warsaw Uprising starts on August 1, 1944 AD. The American troops invade Germany
on September 11, 1944 AD. Erwin Rommel commits suicide on October 14, 1944
AD. Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected President of the United States for the fourth time
on November 7, 1944 AD. Russian painter Vassily Kandinsky dies on December 13,
1944 AD. The beginning of the Ardennes Offensive on December 16, 1944 AD.

1945 AD
The Red Army captures Warsaw on January 17, 1945 AD. Joseph Stalin, Franklin
D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet at the Yalta Conference on February 4,
1945 AD. The American troops enter Manila on February 5, 1945 AD. Anna Frank,
one of the most renowned Jewish victims of the Holocaust dies in concentration camp
on March 12, 1945 AD. The Arab League is established on March 22, 1945 AD.
Franklin D. Roosevelt dies on April 12, 1945 AD, and is succeeded by Vice President
Harry S. Truman. The Red Army reaches Berlin on April 20, 1945 AD. The United
States Army and the Red Army meet at Torgau on April 25, 1945 AD. Benito
Mussolini and his mistress are executed by the communist partisans on April 28, 1945
AD. Adolf Hitler commits suicide on April 30, 1945 AD. Nazi Germany capitulates
on May 7, 1945 AD. Winston Churchill is defeated by Clement R. Attlee in the UK
general elections on July 27, 1945 AD. The United States drop atomic bomb on
Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 AD. The United States drop atomic bomb on Nagasaki

on August 9, 1945 AD. Japan capitulates on August 14, 1945 AD. Minister President
of Norwegian collaborationist government, Vidkun Quisling is executed on
September 10, 1945 AD. Establishment of the United Nations on October 24, 1945
AD. Charles de Gaulle is elected President of the French Fourth Republic on
November 13, 1945 AD. Beginning of the Nuremberg Trials on November 20, 1945
AD.

1946 AD to 1949 AD
1946 AD
Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of the French Republic on January 20, 1946
AD. Juan Peron wins the Argentine presidential elections on February 24, 1946 AD.
Kingdom of Jordan under Abdullah I declares independence from the United
Kingdom on May 22, 1946 AD. Italy is proclaimed republic on June 18, 1946 AD.
Enrico de Nicola is elected the first President of the Italian Republic on June 28, 1946
AD. The Philippines become independent on July 4, 1946 AD. American writer
Gertrude Stein dies on July 27, 1946 AD. Syria proclaims independence from France
in 1946 AD. The Greeks vote in favor of monarchy on September 1, 1946 AD.
Hermann Goring commits suicide on October 15, 1946 AD. The Greek Civil War
1946-1947 AD. The Netherlands recognizes the independence of the Republic of
Indonesia on December 5, 1946 AD. The First Indochina War breaks out on
December 19, 1946 AD.

1947 AD
George Marshall swears in as the United States Secretary of State on January 21,
1947 AD. Outbreak of the Malagasy Uprising against the French rule on the island of
Madagascar on March 29, 1947 AD. Pronouncement of the Truman Doctrine on
March 12, 1947 AD. Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company dies on April
7, 1947 AD. The Marshall Plan is proposed on June 5, 1947 AD. India gains
independence from the United Kingdom on August 15, 1947 AD. The establishment
of the Dominion of Pakistan on August 15, 1947 AD. The communists win the
elections in Hungary on August 31, 1947 AD. German physicist Max Planck dies on
October 4, 9147 AD. Establishment of the Cominform (Communist Information
Bureau) on October 5, 1947 AD. The Indo-Pakistani War over Kashmir breaks out on
October 21, 1947 AD. Princess Elizabeth (the future Elizabeth II of the United
Kingdom) marries with Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten on November 20, 1947 AD.
New Zealand declares independence on November 25, 1947 AD. Proclamation of the
People's Republic of Romania on December 30, 1947 AD.

1948 AD
Burma (present-day Myanmar) becomes independent on January 4, 1948 AD.
Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated on January 30, 1948 AD. The 1948 Winter Olympics
are opened in St. Moritz on January 30, 1948 AD. The Dominion of Ceylon (presentday Sri Lanka) becomes independent on February 4, 1948 AD. The Communists
assume power in Czechoslovakia on February 25, 1948 AD. Chiang Kai-shek is
elected President of the Republic of China on March 29, 1948 AD. Establishment of
the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) on April 16, 1948
AD. The Israeli Declaration of Independence on May 14, 1948 AD. The 1848 ArabIsraeli War breaks out in May 1948 AD. The Berlin Blockade starts on June 24, 1948
AD. The Conminform Resolution resulting in the Yugoslav-Soviet split occurs on
June 28, 1948 AD. The 1948 Summer Olympics are held in London. The Republic of
South Korea is proclaimed on August 15, 1948 AD. Kim Il -sung proclaims the

Democratic People's Republic of Korea on September 9, 1948 AD. Harry S. Truman

wins the US Presidential elections on November 2, 1948 AD.

1949 AD
Chiang Kai-shek resigns as the President of the Republic of China on January 21,
1949 AD. Joe Luis announces retirement from boxing on March 1, 1949 AD. The
Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Dominion of Canada on March 31, 1949 AD.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is established in Washington on
April 4, 1949 AD. Ireland proclaims itself a republic on April 18, 1949 AD. The
Council of Europe is founded on May 5, 1949 AD. Siam changes its name to Thailand
on May 11, 1949 AD. The Soviets end the Berlin Blockade on May 12, 1949 AD.
Establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) on May 23, 1949
AD. The Kuomintang retreats to Taiwan on July 16, 1949 AD. Konrad Adenauer
becomes the first Chancellor of West Germany on September 15, 1949 AD. The
People's Republic of China is established by Mao Zedong on September 1, 1949 AD.
Establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) on October 7,
1949 AD. The Greek Civil War ends with defeat of the Greek Communist Party on
October 16, 1949 AD. The Netherlands formally recognizes the independence of
Indonesia on December 27, 1949 AD.

1950 AD to 1953 AD
1950 AD
English novelist George Orwell dies on January 21, 1950 AD. Chiang Kai-shek
becomes President of Taiwan on March 1, 1949 AD. The USSR states it developed an
atomic bomb on March 8, 1949 AD. The Schuman Declaration drafted on May 9,
1950 AD, proposes the creation of supranational European community. The beginning
of the Korean War on June 26, 1950 AD. North Korean troops capture Seoul on June
28, 1950 AD. Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son Baudouin on
August 1, 1950 AD. The UN forces recapture Seoul on September 26, 1950 AD. The
South Korean forces cross the 38th parallel north on October 1, 1950 AD. The
Chinese invade Tibet on October 21, 1950 AD. Irish playwright George Bernard
Shaw dies on November 2, 1950 AD. The Chinese forces cross the 38th parallel north
on December 28, 1950 AD. Karl Renner, President of Austria dies on December 31,
1950 AD.

1951 AD
American writer Sinclair Lewis dies on January 10, 1951 AD. French writer
Andre Gide dies on February 19, 1951 AD. Iranian Prime Minister Haj Ali Razmara
is assassinated on March 7, 1951 AD. American communists Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg are sentenced to death for espionage on April 5, 1951 AD. General
Douglas MacArthur is removed from the command in the Korean War on April 11,
1951 AD. Establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community on April 18,
1951 AD. Removal of Colored people from the voters roll in South Africa on May 14,
1951 AD. Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated on July 20, 1951 AD, and is succeeded
by his son Talal I. The Treaty of Peace with Japan also known as the Treaty of San
Francisco is signed on September 8, 1951 AD. Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali
Khan is assassinated on October 16, 1951 AD. Winston Churchill wins the UK
parliamentary elections on October 26, 1951 AD. Juan Peron is reelected President of
Argentina on November 11, 1951 AD. Libya declares independence on December 24,
1951 AD.

1952 AD

George VI of the United Kingdom dies on February 6, 1952 AD, and is succeeded
by Elizabeth II. The 1952 Winter Olympics are held in Oslo. Jawaharlal Nehru wins
the first Indian general elections on March 1, 1952 AD. Kwame Nkrumah becomes
the first Prime Minister of Ghana on March 11, 1952 AD. Muhammad Naguib
assumes power in Egypt on July 23, 1952 AD. Farouk I of Egypt abdicates on July
26, 1952 AD. Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina, Eva Peron dies on July 26,
1952 AD. Hussein bin Talal is proclaimed King of Jordan on August 11, 1952 AD.
The 1952 Summer Olympics are held in Helsinki. The British test atomic bomb on
October 3, 1952 AD. The Mau Mau Uprising against the British rule in Kenya 19521960 AD. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower wins the US Presidential Elections on
November 4, 1952 AD. The United States test the first hydrogen bomb on November
1, 1952 AD.

1953 AD
Josip Broz Tito is elected President of SFR Yugoslavia on January 14, 1953 AD.
Joseph Stalin dies under mysterious circumstances on March 5, 1953 AD. Russian
composer Sergei Prokofiev dies on March 5, 1953 AD. New Zealand mountaineer
Edmund Hillary and Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay become the first climbers
(known) to reach the summit of Mount Everest on May 29, 1953 AD. Egypt is
proclaimed a republic on June 18, 1953 AD. The beginning of the Cuban Revolution
on July 27, 1953 AD. Armistice signed on July 27, 1953 AD, ends the Korean War.
Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh is arrested on August 20, 1953 AD.
The USSR states it tested a hydrogen bomb on August 20, 1953 AD. Nikita
Khrushchev becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
on September 12, 1953 AD. American writer Eugene O'Neill dies on November 27,
1953 AD.

1954 AD to 1957 AD
1954 AD
Security hearings of J. Robert Oppenheimer, "the father of the atomic bomb" take
place from April 12 to May 6, 1954 AD. Gamal Abdel Nasser seizes power in Egypt
on April 18, 1954 AD. American composer Charles Ives dies on May 19, 1954 AD.
The Geneva Conference ends the First Indochina War on July 21, 1954 AD.
Establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) on September 8,
1954 AD. The outbreak of the Algerian War on November 1, 1954 AD. Censure of
Senator Joseph McCarthy on December 2, 1954 AD. French painter Henri Matisse
dies on November 3, 1954 AD.

1955 AD
American jazz saxophonist Charles Parker "the Bird" dies on March 12, 1955 AD.
Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister on April 5, 1955 AD, and is succeeded
by Anthony Eden. American scientist Albert Einstein dies on April 18, 1955 AD.
Allied occupation of West Germany ends on May 5, 1955 AD. Establishment of the
Warsaw Pact on May 14, 1955 AD. German writer Thomas Mann dies on August 12,
1955 AD. Juan Peron resigns as President of Argentina and leaves the country on
September 19, 1955 AD. American actor James Dean dies in a car crash on
September 30, 1955 AD. South Vietnam is proclaimed a republic on October 23, 1955
AD.

1956 AD
Sudan proclaims independence on January 1, 1956 AD. The 1956 Winter
Olympics are held in Cortina D'Ampezzo. Pakistan is proclaimed an Islamic Republic
on February 29, 1956 AD. Morocco becomes independent on March 2, 1956 AD.

Archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church, Makarios III
is sent into exile by the British on March 9, 1956 AD. Tunis is recognized
independent by France on March 20, 1956 AD. American actress Grace Kelly marries
with Rainier III, Prince of Monaco on April 19, 1956 AD. Soviet Foreign Minister
Vyacheslav Molotov is replaced by Dmitri Shepilov on June 1, 1956 AD. The
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany. Gamal Abdel Nasser is elected President of Egypt
on June 24, 1956 AD. Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal on July 26, 1956 AD.
American artist Jackson Pollock dies on August 11, 1956 AD. American biologist
Alfred Kinsey dies on August 25, 1956 AD. The Hungarian Revolution of 1956
breaks out on October 23, 1956 AD. The Operation Kadesh on October 29, 1956 AD,
starts the Suez Crisis also known as the Tripartite Aggression. Dwight D. Eisenhower
is reelected President of the United States on November 6, 1956 AD. The 1956
Summer Olympics are held in Melbourne.

1957 AD
The Einsenhower Doctrine is announced on January 5, 1957 AD. Anthony Eden
resigns as the UK Prime Minister on January 9, 1957 AD, and is succeeded by Harold
Macmillan. American actor Humphrey Bogart dies on January 14, 1957 AD. Italian
conductor Arturo Toscanini dies on January 16, 1957 AD. Ghana becomes the first
sub-Saharan country to gain independence on March 6, 1957 AD. Establishment of
European Economic Community (EEC) on March 25, 1957 AD. Althea Gibson
becomes the first African-American woman to win Grand Slam (Wimbledon) on July
6, 1957 AD. The Federation of Malaya gains independence on August 31, 1957 AD.
The United States Commission on Civil Rights is established on September 9, 1957
AD. Olaf V succeeds his deceased father Haakon VII as King of Norway on
September 21, 1957 AD. The USSR launches Sputnik 1, the first human-made object
to orbit the Earth on October 4, 1957 AD. Laika, a Soviet space dog becomes the first
animal to orbit the Earth on November 3, 1957 AD.

1958 AD to 1960 AD
1958 AD
Establishment of the United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria) on January 3, 1958
AD. The United States launch satellite Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958 AD. English
explorer Vivian Fuchs completes the first overland crossing of Antarctica on March 2,
1958 AD. Nikita Khrushchev assumes the office of Premier of Soviet Union on
resignation of Nikolai Bulganin on March 27, 1958 AD. Former Prime Minister of
Hungary, Imre Nagy is executed on June 17, 1958 AD. Faisal II of Iraq is killed
during the 14 July Revolution in 1958 AD. Establishment of the Fifth French
Republic on October 5, 1958 AD. Pope Pius II dies on October 9, 1958 AD. Cardinal
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli is elected Pope (John XXIII) on October 28, 1958 AD.
Charles de Gaulle is elected President of France on December 21, 1958 AD.

1959 AD
Fidel Castro overthrows Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959 AD. Alaska
becomes the 49th state of the US on January 3, 1959 AD. Archbishop Makarios III
returns to Cyprus on March 1, 1959 AD. Dalai Lama flees to India on March 17, 1959
AD. Hawaii become the 50th state of the USA on March 18, 1959 AD. Senegal and
French Sudan are joined into the Mali Federation on April 4, 1959 AD. Iraq
withdraws from the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) also known as the
Baghdad Pact on March 24. 1959 AD. American novelist and screenwriter Raymond
Chandler dies on March 26, 1959 AD. American architect and interior designer Frank
Lloyd Wright dies on April 9, 1959 AD. Outbreak of the Vietnam War or the Second

Indochina War on September 26, 1959 AD. Establishment of the European Free Trade
Association (EFTA) on November 20, 1959 AD. Archbishop Makarios III is elected
the first President of Cyprus on December 14, 1959 AD.

1960 AD
Proclamation of the Republic of Cameroon on January 1, 1960 AD. The 1960
Winter Olympics are held in Squaw Valley. Indonesian President Sukarno dissolves
the elected Assembly on March 5, 1960 AD. The Sharpeville Massacre occurs on
March 21, 1960 AD. The Soviets shoot down the surveillance aircraft Lockheed U-2
on May 1, 1960 AD. Leonid Brezhnev succeeds Kliment Voroshilov as Chairman of
the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 7, 1960 AD. German Nazi
SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer Adolf Eichmann is captured by the Israeli intelligence
agency Mossad on May 23, 1960 AD. Russian poet Boris Pasternak dies on May 30,
1960 AD. The Congo Crisis 1960-1966 AD. The Sino-Soviet Split occurs in June
1960 AD. Cyprus declares independence on August 16, 1960 AD. The 1960 Summer
Olympics are held in Rome. Establishment of the Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC) on September 14, 1960 AD. John F. Kennedy is elected
President of the United States on November 9, 1960 AD.

1961 AD to 1964 AD
1961 AD
Prime Minister of the Republic of Congo, Patrice Lumumba is assassinated on
January 17, 1961 AD. Beginning of the Angolan War of Independence on February 4,
1961 AD. Hassan II succeeds his deceased father Mohammed V as King of Morocco
on February 26, 1961 AD. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in
outer space and to orbit the Earth on April 12, 1961 AD. The Bay of Pigs Invasion on
April 17, 1961 AD, fails. Sierra Leone declares independence from the United
Kingdom on April 27, 1961 AD. British spy George Blake is sentenced to 42 years in
prison on May 8, 1961 AD. South Korean Prime Minister Chang Myon is overthrown
by a coup d'etat led by Park Chung-hee on May 16, 1961 AD. South Africa is
declared a republic on May 31, 1961 AD. Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung dies on June 6,
1961 AD. Kuwait declares independence from the United Kingdom on June 19, 1961
AD. American writer Ernest Hemingway commits suicide on July 2, 1961 AD.
Construction of the Berlin Wall starts on August 13, 1961 AD. The first Non-Aligned
Movement Summit is held in Belgrade from September 1 to September 6, 1961 AD.
Syria secedes from the United Arab Republic on September 29, 1961 AD. Malta
proclaims independence from the United Kingdom on October 24, 1961 AD. India
captures Goa from Portugal on December 19, 1961 AD.

1962 AD
West Samoa declares independence from New Zealand on January 1, 1962 AD.
John Glenn, Jr. becomes the first American to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962
AD. Swiss physicist and inventor Auguste Piccard dies on March 25, 1962 AD.
Dissolution of the West Indies Federation on May 31, 1962 AD. Adolf Eichmann is
executed in Israel on May 31, 1962 AD. Rwanda and Burundi declare independence
from Belgium on July 1, 1962 AD. Algeria gains independence from France on July
5, 1962 AD. American writer William Faulkner dies on July 6, 1962 AD. American
actress Marilyn Monroe dies on August 5, 1962 AD. Jamaica becomes independent
on August 6, 1962 AD. German-born Swiss poet Hermann Hesse dies on August 9,
1962 AD. Trinidad and Tobago gain independence from the United Kingdom on
August 31, 1962 AD. The 1962 Bou'in- Zahra earthquake occurs on September 1,
1962 AD. Uganda gains independence from the United Kingdom on October 9, 1962

AD. The Sino-Indian War is fought from October 20 to November 21, 1962 AD.
Outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 22, 1962 AD. Danish physicist Niels
Bohr dies on November 18, 1962 AD.

1963 AD.
American poet Robert Frost dies on January 29, 1963 AD. The Ba'ath Party
assumes power in Syria on March 8, 1963 AD. Eruption of Mount Agung in Bali on
March 17, 1963 AD. Establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) on
May 22, 1963 AD. Pope John XXIII dies on June 3, 1963 AD. Soviet cosmonaut
Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space on June 6, 1963 AD.
Establishment of the Moscow-Washington hotline, commonly known as the red
phone on June 20, 1963 AD. British spy Kim Philby is identified as the "Third man"
on July 1, 1963 AD. The Great Train Robbery occurs on August 8, 1963 AD. The
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom takes place on August 28, 1963 AD.
Dissolution of the Malay Union and creation of the Federation of Malay on
September 16, 1963 AD. French singer Edith Piaf dies on October 11, 1963 AD. US
President John F. Kennedy is assassinated on October 22, 1963 AD. The assassin of
John F. Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald is shot by Jack Ruby on October 24, 1963 AD.
Kenya declares independence from the United Kingdom on December 12, 1963 AD.

1964 AD
The 1964 Winter Olympics are held in Innsbruck. Constantine II succeeds his
deceased father Paul as King of Greece on March 6, 1964 AD. Tanganyika and
Zanzibar merge into Tanzania on April 27, 1964 AD. Indian Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru dies on May 27, 1964 AD. Anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela
is sentenced to life imprisonment on June 12, 1964 AD. The US Civil Rights Act
from July 2, 1964 AD, prohibits racial discrimination. Malawi proclaims
independence from the United Kingdom on July 6, 1964 AD. The 1964 Summer
Olympics are held in Tokyo. Nikita Khrushchev is replaced by Leonid Brezhnev as
the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Alexei Kosygin as
Premier of the Soviet Union on October 14, 1964 AD. Lyndon B. Johnson wins US
presidential elections on November 4, 1964 AD.

1965 AD to 1968 AD
1965 AD
Anglo-American poet and playwright T. S. Eliot dies on January 4, 1965 AD.
Winston Churchill dies on January 24, 1965 AD. American musician Nat King Cole
dies on February 15, 1965 AD. Gambia declares independence from the United
Kingdom on February 18, 1965 AD. African- American Muslim leader and human
rights activist, Malcolm X is assassinated on February 21, 1965 AD. The United
States directly involve into the Vietnamese ground war in March 1965 AD. Soviet
cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the first human to conduct a space walk on March
18, 1965 AD. Nicolae Ceausescu becomes the General Secretary of the Romanian
Communist Party on March 22, 1965 AD. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 breaks out
on April 9, 1965 AD. The United States Invasion of the Dominican Republic takes
place in April 1965 AD. Singapore secedes from the Federation of Malaya on August
7, 1965 AD. Rhodesia declares independence on November 11, 1965 AD. English
writer W. Somerset Maugham dies on December 16, 1965 AD. Charles de Gaulle is
reelected President of France on December 19, 1965 AD. Ferdinand Marcos is
inaugurated as President of the Philippines on December 30, 1965 AD.

1966 AD

The Tashkent Declaration signed on January 10, 1966 AD, ends the IndoPakistani War of 1965. Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India on January 14,
1966 AD. Robert Menzies resigns as Prime Minister of Australia on January 19, 1966
AD. American actor and filmmaker Buster Keaton dies on February 1, 1966 AD.
General Suharto assumes power in Java on March 12, 1966 AD. The first space
rendezvous with docking is accomplished by NASA on March 17, 1966 AD. Soviet
space aircraft orbits the Moon on April 4, 1966 AD. NASA performs the first
unmanned landing on the Moon on June 6, 1966 AD. French withdraws from NATO's
military structure on July 1, 1966 AD. Beginning of the Chinese Cultural Revolution
on August 13, 1966 AD. South African Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd is
assassinated on September 6, 1966 AD. Botswana declares independence from the
United Kingdom on September 30, 1966 AD. British spy George Blake escapes from
prison and flees to the USSR on October 22, 1966 AD. American film producer Walt
Disney dies on December 15, 1966 AD.

1967 AD
Anastasio Somoza Debayle is elected President of Nicaragua on February 5, 1967
AD. Sukarno is removed from power by Suharto on February 22, 1967 AD. 100,000
to 400,000 people protest against the Vietnam War in New York on April 15, 1967
AD. A group of right-wing colonels of the Greek military overthrow the government
on April 21, 1967 AD, and start period of the Greek military junta. Soviet cosmonaut
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov dies during a space mission on Soyuz 1 on April 24,
1967 AD. English sailor and aviator Francis Chichester completes the first singlehanded sail around the world on May 28, 1967 AD. The Six-Day War is fought
between Israel and its neighboring states of Egypt, Syria and Jordan from June 5 to
June 10, 1967 AD. Institutions of the European Coal and Steel Community merge
with institutions of European Economic Community on July 1, 1967 AD. Outbreak of
the Nigerian Civil War on July 5, 1967 AD. Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara is
executed in Bolivia on October 9, 1967 AD. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi is crowned
Emperor of Iran on October 26, 1967 AD. South African cardiac surgeon Christiaan
Barnard performs the first successful human-to-human heart transplant on December
3, 1967 AD. Nicolae Ceausescu becomes President of Romania on December 9, 1967
AD.

1968 AD
Alexander Dubek becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia on January 5, 1968 AD. The 1968 Winter Olympics are held in
Grenoble. Alfredo Stroessner is reelected President of Paraguay on February 11, 1968
AD. The My Lai Massacre occurs on March 16, 1968 AD. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri
Gagarin is killed in a plane crash on March 27, 1968 AD. Martin Luther King, Jr. is
assassinated on April 4, 1968 AD. Democratic Senator from New York and brother of
John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy is assassinated on June 6, 1968 AD. Soviet
invasion of Czechoslovakia on August 21, 1968 AD, ends the Prague Spring. The
authoritarian Portuguese Prime Minister, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar is removed on
September 26, 1968 AD. French-American artist Marcel Duchamp dies on October 2,
1968 AD. The 1968 Winter Olympics are held in Ciudad de Mexico. Richard Nixon is
elected President of the United States on November 5, 1968 AD. American writer
John Steinbeck dies on November 10, 1968 AD.

1969 AD to 1971 AD
1969 AD

Yasser Arafat becomes the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
on February 3, 1969 AD. First flight of Boeing 747 on February 8, 1969 AD. First
flight of Concorde on March 2, 1969 AD. The Sino-Soviet border conflict breaks out
on March 2, 1969 AD. Golda Meir becomes Prime Minister of Israel on March 17,
1969 AD. Former US President Dwight D. Eisenhower dies on March 28, 1969 AD.
French President Charles de Gaulle resigns on April 28, 1969 AD. American actress
and singer Judy Garland dies on June 22, 1969 AD. The Football War is fought
between El Salvador and Honduras from July 14 to July 18, 1969 AD. American
astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to set foot on the Moon on July 21,
1969 AD. The Battle of the Bogside is fought from August 12 to August 15, 1969
AD. The Woodstock Festival takes place from August 15 to August 18, 1969 AD.
Muammar al-Gaddafi seizes power in Libya on September 1, 1969 AD. President of
the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Ho Chi Minh dies on
September 3, 1969 AD. Willy Brandt is elected Chancellor of West Germany on
October 21, 1969 AD. Formation of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in
December 1969 AD.

1970 AD
German-born physician and mathematician Max Born dies on January 5, 1970
AD. British philosopher Bertrand Russell dies on February 2, 1970 AD. US forces
invade Cambodia on April 30, 1970 AD. Sirimavo Bandaranaike is reelected prime
Minister of Ceylon on May 27, 1970 AD. Tonga proclaims independence from the
United Kingdom on June 4, 1970 AD. US forces withdrew from Cambodia on June
28, 1970 AD. Aswan Dam is completed on July 21, 1970 AD. Salvador Allende is
elected President of Chile on September 4, 1970 AD. American guitarist, singer and
songwriter Jimi Hendrix dies on September 18, 1970 AD. Egyptian President Gamal
Abdel Nasser dies on September 28, 1970 AD. American singer and songwriter Janis
Joplin dies on October 4, 1970 AD. Cambodia is proclaimed a republic on October 9,
1970 AD. Fiji declares independence from the United Kingdom on October 10, 1970
AD. Canadian Vice-Premier Pierre Laporte is kidnapped and murdered on October
10, 1970 AD. Former French President Charles de Gaulle dies on November 9, 1970
AD. Hafez al-Assad assumes power in Syria on November 13, 1970 AD. Polish
Communist leader Wladyslaw Gomulka resigns on December 20, 1970 AD.

1971 AD
French fashion designer Coco Chanel dies on January 10, 1971 AD. Idi Amin
assumes power in Uganda on January 25, 1971 AD. American actor Harold Lloyd
dies on March 8, 1971 AD. The Bangladesh Liberation War starts on March 25, 1971
AD. Russian composer Igor Stravinsky dies on April 6, 1971 AD. President of Haiti,
Francois Duvalier nicknamed Papa Doc dies on April 21, 1971 AD. American singer
and songwriter Jim Morrison dies on July 3, 1971 AD. America jazz trumpeter Louis
Armstrong dies on July 6, 1971 AD. The British intervene in Northern Ireland in
August 1971 AD. Lin Biao's attempt to overthrow Mao Zedong on September 8, 1971
AD, fails. Former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev dies on September 11, 1971 AD.
The Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire on October 27, 1971 AD. Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto becomes President of Pakistan on December 20, 1971 AD.

1972 AD to 1974 AD
1972 AD
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman becomes Prime Minister of Bangladesh on January 12,
1972 AD. The Bloody Sunday occurs on January 30, 1972 AD. Ceylon is renamed Sri
Lanka on May 22, 1972 AD. US President Richard Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid

Brezhnev sign the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty on May 26, 1972 AD. The 1972
Summer Olympics are opened in Munich on August 26, 1972 AD. American chess
player Bobby Fisher becomes the World Chess Champion on September 1, 1972 AD.
The Munich massacre occurs during the Olympic games on September 5, 1972 AD.
Former Argentine President Juan Peron returns to Argentina on November 17, 1972
AD. The 1972 Winter Olympics are held in Sapporo.

1973 AD
The United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark become members of the European
Economic Community on January 1, 1973 AD. Former US President Lyndon B.
Johnson dies on January 22, 1973 AD. The Paris Peace Accord signed on January 27,
1973 AD, ends the direct US involvement in the Vietnam War. The Wounded Knee
Incident starts on February 27, 1973 AD. Sikkim becomes a federal state of India on
April 8, 1973 AD. Spanish painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso dies on April 8, 1973
AD. The Watergate scandal breaks out on April 30, 1973 AD. NASA launches Skylab
4 on May 30, 1973 AD. Greece is proclaimed a republic on June 1, 1973 AD.
President of Ireland, Eamon de Valera resigns on June 24, 1973 AD. English writer J.
R. R. Tolkien dies on September 2, 1973 AD. Chilean President Salvador Allende is
killed during a US backed coup d'etat led by General Augusto Pinochet on September
11, 1973 AD. Juan Peron is elected President of Argentina on September 23, 1973
AD. Anglo-American poet W. H. Auden dies on September 28, 1973 AD. Outbreak
of the Yom Kippur War on October 6, 1973 AD. American Vice President Spiro
Agnew resigns on October 12, 1973 AD. The 1973 oil crisis starts in October 1973
AD. The first Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion dies on December 1, 1973
AD. Gerard Ford becomes US Vice President on December 6, 1973 AD. Spanish
President of the Government, Luis Carrero-Blanco is assassinated on December 20,
1973 AD.

1974 AD
Russian writer and historian Alexander Solzhenitsyn is exiled from the Soviet
Union on February 12/13, 1974 AD. French President Georges Pompidou dies on
April 2, 1974 AD. Golda Meir resigns as Israeli Prime Minister on April 11, 1974
AD. Chancellor of West Germany, Willy Brandt resigns because of the Guillaume
affair on May 6, 1974 AD. Josip Broz Tito is named President of SFR Yugoslavia for
life on May 16, 1974 AD. Helmut Schmidt becomes German Chancellor on May 16,
1974 AD. India tests atomic bomb on May 18, 1974 AD. American composer and big
band leader Duke Ellington dies on May 24, 1974 AD. Yitzhak Rabin becomes Israeli
Prime Minister on June 3, 1974 AD. Argentine President Juan Peron dies on July 1,
1974 AD. President of Cyprus, Makarios III is overthrown by military junta on July
15, 1974 AD. The Turkish invasion of Cyprus starts in July 1974 AD. Fall of the
Greek military junta on July 24, 1974 AD. US President Richard Nixon resigns on
August 8, 1974 AD, and is succeeded by Vice President Gerard Ford. Haile Selassie I
of Ethiopia is deposed on September 12, 1974 AD. Jewish-Soviet violinist David
Oistrakh dies on October 24, 1974 AD. Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka
resigns on November 11, 1974 AD. American journalist and political commentator
Walter Lippmann dies on December 14, 1974 AD. Augusto Pinochet is appointed
President of Chile on December 17, 1974 AD.

1975 AD to 1977 AD
1975 AD
Angola gains independence from Portugal on January 10, 1975 AD. American
actress Susan Hayward dies on March 14, 1975 AD. Faisal of Saudi Arabia is

assassinated by his nephew on March 25, 1975 AD. The first President of the
Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek dies on April 5, 1975 AD. The Lebanese Civil
War breaks out in April 1975 AD. Phnom Penh is captured by the Khmer Rouge on
April 17, 1975 AD. North Vietnamese Army captures Saigon on April 30, 1975 AD.
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the first joint US-Soviet space flight takes place in
July 1975 AD. Papua New Guinea declares independence from Australia on
September 16, 1975 AD. Francisco Franco, Spanish Head of the State from 1939 dies
on November 20, 1975 AD. The communists assume power in Laos and rename the
country to the Lao People's Democratic Republic on December 2, 1975 AD. The
Balcombe Street Siege takes place from December 6 to December 12, 1975 AD.
American novelist and playwright Thornton Wilder dies on December 7, 1975 AD.
Outbreak of the Angolan Civil War in 1975 AD.

1976 AD
English writer Agatha Christie dies on January 12, 1976 AD. German theoretical
physicist Werner Heisenberg dies on February 1, 1976 AD. The 1976 Winter
Olympics are held in Innsbruck. Argentine President Isabel Martinez de Peron is
deposed on March 24, 1976 AD. German-born French artist Max Ernst dies on April
1, 1976 AD. Apple Inc. is founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne
on April 1, 1976 AD. James Callaghan succeeds Harold Wilson as Prime Minister of
the United Kingdom on April 5, 1976 AD. The Cod Wars between the United
Kingdom and Iceland end on June 1, 1976 AD. Seychelles proclaim independence
from the United Kingdom on June 28, 1976 AD. South and North Vietnam are
merged into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976 AD. The Seveso
disaster occurs on July 10, 1976 AD. The 1976 Summer Olympics are held in
Montreal. The leader of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong dies on
September 9, 1976 AD. Hua Guofeng succeeds Mao Zedong as Premier of the
People's Republic of China on October 11, 1976 AD. Jimmy Carter is elected
President of the United States on November 2, 1976 AD.

1977 AD
Seven IRA bombs explode in West End (London) on January 29, 1977 AD.
Carlos Humberto Romero is elected President of El Salvador on February 26, 1977
AD. Indira Gandhi is defeated by Morarji Nanda in the Indian general elections on
March 20, 1977 AD. Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin resigns because of
financial scandal on April 22, 1977 AD. Menachem Begin wins the Israeli legislative
elections in May 17, 1977 AD. The first general elections in Spain after Franco's
death take place on June 15, 1977 AD. Russian-American writer Vladimir Nabokov
dies on July 2, 1977 AD. Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is removed
from the office and arrested by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq on July 5, 1977 AD.
American musician and actor Elvis Presley dies in August 16, 1977 AD. Steve Biko,
an influential anti-apartheid activist dies while in police custody on September 12,
1977 AD. American-born Greek opera singer Maria Callas dies on September 16,
1977 AD. Former Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is arrested on October 3, 1977
AD. Jean-Bedel Bokassa is crowned Emperor of the Central African Empire on
December 4, 1977 AD. English comic actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin dies on
December 25, 1977 AD.

1978 AD to 1980 AD
1978 AD
The Ogaden War between Somalia and Ethiopia ends on March 15, 1978 AD.
Former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro is kidnapped by the Red Brigades on March

16, 1978 AD, and killed 54 days later. The Saur Revolution in Afghanistan on April
27, 1978 AD. The Solomon Islands proclaim independence from the United Kingdom
on July 7, 1978 AD. The first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilization (Louise
Brown) is born on July 25, 1978 AD. Pope Paul IV dies on August 6, 1978 AD.
President of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta dies on August 22, 1978 AD. Pope John Paul I
dies 33 days after his election on September 29, 1978 AD. Karol Jozef Wojtyla is
elected Pope (John Paul II) on October 16, 1978 AD. Mass suicide of about 900
adherents of Jim Jones' Peoples Temple at Jonestown in Guyana on November 18,
1978 AD. The Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia on December 25, 1978 AD.

1979 AD
The Vietnamese forces enter Cambodian capital Phnom Penh and end the rule of
Khmer Rouge on January 8, 1979 AD. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi leaves Iran on
January 16, 1979 AD. Leader of the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Khomeini returns to Iran on February 1, 1979 AD. Prime Minister of Grenada Eric
Gairy is overthrown by a coup d'etat led by Maurice Bishop on March 13, 1979 AD.
Idi Amin's regime in Uganda is overthrown on April 13, 1979 AD. Margaret Thatcher
becomes the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on May 4, 1979 AD.
America actor John Wayne dies on June 11, 1979 AD. The United States and Soviet
Union sign the SALT II on June 18, 1979 AD. The Sandinista junta assumes power in
Nicaragua on July 18, 1979 AD. Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl of Mountbatten of
Burma is assassinated by the IRA on August 15, 1979 AD. Southern Rhodesia is
renamed Zimbabwe on August 29, 1979 AD. President of El Salvador, Carlos
Humberto Romero is deposed by a coup d'etat on October 15, 1979 AD. President of
South Korea, Park Chung-hee is assassinated on October 26, 1979 AD. The Iran
hostage crisis breaks out on November 4, 1979 AD. Outbreak of the Soviet War in
Afghanistan on December 27, 1979 AD.

1980 AD
Indira Gandhi wins the Indian general election on January 6, 1980 AD. The 1980
Winter Olympics are held in Lake Placid. Robert Mugabe is elected Prime Minister of
Zimbabwe on March 4, 1980 AD. French philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre dies
on April 15, 1980 AD. Zimbabwe is recognized independent on April 18, 1980 AD.
English filmmaker and producer Alfred Hitchcock dies on April 29, 1980 AD. Queen
regnant Juliana abdicates in favor of her daughter Beatrix on April 30, 1980 AD.
Yugoslavian President Josip Broz Tito dies on May 4, 1980 AD. The Mount of St.
Helens erupts on May 18, 1980 AD. American writer and painter Henry Miller dies
on June 7, 1980 AD. Swedish tennis player Bjorn Borge wins the fifth Wimbledon
men's singles title on July 5, 1980 AD. The 1980 Summer Olympics are held in
Moscow. The Solidarity (Polish trade union) is founded at the Gdansk Shipyard in
September 1980 AD. Turkish government is overthrown by coup d'etat led by admiral
Bulend Ulusu on September 12, 1980 AD. Outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War on
September 21, 1980 AD. Ronald Reagan wins the US Presidential elections on
November 4, 1980 AD. Portuguese Prime Minister Francisco de Sa Carneiro dies in a
plane crash on December 4, 1980 AD. English musician John Lennon is murdered on
December 8, 1980 AD.

1981 AD to 1983 AD
1981 AD
Greece becomes member of the European Economic Community on January 1,
1981 AD. The Iranian hostage crisis ends with the release of hostages on January 20,
1981 AD. The Gang of Four - Mao Zedong's last wife Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao,

Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen is sentenced to death on January 25, 1981 AD.
American musician Bill Haley dies on February 9, 1981 AD. Wojciech Jaruzelski
becomes Polish Prime Minister on February 11, 1981 AD. Assassination attempt on
US President Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981 AD. Assassination on Pope John
Paul II on May 13, 1981 AD. Garret FitzGerald becomes Irish Prime Minister on June
30, 1981 AD. Charles, Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer marry on July 29,
1981 AD. Belize gains independence from the United Kingdom on September 20,
1981 AD. Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat is assassinated on October 6, 1981 AD.
Vice President Hosni Mubarak becomes President of Egypt on October 13, 1981 AD.
Jerry Rawlings assumes power in Ghana by a coup on December 31, 1981 AD.

1982 AD
The Falklands War is fought between the United Kingdom and Argentina from
April 2 to June 14, 1982 AD. Israel returns Sinai Peninsula to Egypt on April 25,
1982 AD. The 1982 Lebanon War breaks out on June 6, 1982 AD. Khalid of Saudi
Arabia dies on June 13, 1982 AD. George P. Schultz replaces Alexander Haig as the
US Secretary of State on June 25, 1982 AD. 18 people are killed in the IRA bombing
in the Hyde Park and Regent's Park on July 20, 1982 AD. American actor Henry
Fonda dies on August 12, 1982 AD. Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman dies on August
29, 1982 AD. American actress and Princess consort of Monaco, Grace Kelly dies in
an automobile accident on September 14, 1982 AD. The Sabra and Shatila massacre
takes place from September 16 to September 18, 1982 AD. Helmut Kohl becomes
Chancellor of West Germany on October 1, 1982 AD. Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev
dies on November 10, 1982 AD.

1983 AD
American playwright Tennessee Williams dies on February 25, 1983 AD. US
President Ronald Reagan proposes the Strategic Defense Initiative known as the Star
Wars on March 23, 1983 AD. The US embassy bombing in Beirut on April 18, 1983
AD, kills 63 people. Margaret Thatcher is reelected Prime Minister in the UK general
election on June 9, 1983 AD. Yuri Andropov is elected President of the Soviet Union
on June 16, 1983 AD. Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space on June
18, 1983 AD. Philippine Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. is assassinated on August 21,
1983 AD. The Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by Soviet jet interceptors on
September 1, 1983 AD. Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin resigns on
September 2, 1983 AD, and is succeeded by Yitzhak Shamir. Prime Minister of
People's Revolutionary Government of Granada, Maurice Bishop is executed on
October 19, 1983 AD. The US invasion of Grenada starts on October 25, 1983 AD.
Unilateral Declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus on November 15,
1983 AD. Turgut Ozal becomes Prime Minister of Turkey on December 13, 1983 AD.

1984 AD to 1986 AD
1984 AD
Soviet leader Yuri Andropov dies on February 9, 1984 AD. Konstantin Chernenko
succeeds Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union on February 14 and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR on April 11, 1984 AD. The 1984 Winter Olympics are held in Sarajevo.
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau resigns on February 29, 1984 AD, and is
succeeded by John Turner. American singer and songwriter Marvin Gaye is killed by
his father on April 1, 1984 AD. Jose Napoleon Duarte wins El Salvadorian
presidential elections on May 7, 1984 AD. British actor James Mason dies on July 27,
1984 AD. The 1984 Summer Olympics are held in Los Angeles. Welsh actor Richard

Burton dies on August 5, 1984 AD. American writer Truman Capote dies on August
25, 1984 AD. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated on October 31,
1984 AD. Daniel Ortega is elected President of Nicaragua on November 5, 1984 AD.
Ronald Reagan is reelected President of the United States on November 6, 1984 AD.
The Bhopal disaster occurs on December 3, 1984 AD.

1985 AD
Julio Maria Sanguinetti swears in as Uruguayan President on March 1, 1985 AD.
The UK miners' strike of 1984-1985 ends on March 3, 1985 AD. Mikhail Gorbachev
succeeds Konstantin Chernenko as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union on March 11, 1985 AD. Jose Sarney is elected President of Brazil on
March 15, 1985 AD. President of Sudan, Gaafar Nimeiry is overthrown by a coup on
April 6, 1985 AD. Enver Hoxha, a Communist leader of Albania dies on April 11,
1985 AD. TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Lebanese Shia Islamists on June 14, 1985
AD. German tennis player Boris Becker becomes the youngest (17 years of age)
winner of the men's singles title at Wimbledon on July 7, 1985 AD. Live Aid is held
on July 13, 1985 AD. The Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot withdraws from politics on
September 2, 1985 AD. About 10,000 people are killed in the 1985 Mexico
earthquake on September 19, 1985 AD. Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked
by the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) on October 7, 1985 AD. American film
director, producer, actor and writer Orson Welles dies on October 10, 1985 AD. Garry
Kasparov becomes the youngest (22 years of age) World Chess Champion on
November 9, 1985 AD. The Armero tragedy occurs on November 13, 1985 AD.
Release of Microsoft Windows 1.0 on November 20, 1985 AD. Soviet leader Mikhail
Gorbachev and US President Ronald Reagan meet for the first time at the Geneva
Summit on November 19, 1985 AD.

1986 AD
Portugal and Spain become members of the European Economic Community on
January 1, 1986 AD. German artist Joseph Beuys dies on January 23, 1986 AD. The
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurs on January 28, 1986 AD. Haitian President
Jean-Claude Duvalier is overthrown by a popular uprising on February 7, 1986 AD.
Corazon Aquino wins the Philippine presidential elections on February 25, 1986 AD.
Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme is assassinated on February 28, 1986 AD.
American actor James Cagney dies on March 30, 1986 AD. The United States bomb
Libya on April 15, 1986 AD. The Chernobyl disaster occurs on April 26, 1986 AD.
English sculptor and artist Henry Moore dies on August 31, 1986 AD. Unsuccessful
assassination attempt on Augusto Pinochet on September 6, 1986 AD. President of
Mozambique, Samora Machel is killed in a plane crash on November 3, 1986 AD.
Vyacheslav Molotov dies on November 8, 1986 AD. The Iran-contra affair also
known as the Irangate breaks out in November 1986 AD. British- American actor
Cary Grant dies on November 29, 1986 AD. Former UK Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan dies on December 29, 1986 AD.

1987 AD to 1989 AD
1987 AD
American painter, filmmaker and printmaker Andy Warhol dies on February 22,
1987 AD. Turkey applies for the membership in the European Economic Community
on April 14, 1987 AD. American actress Rita Hayworth dies on May 15, 1987 AD.
American dancer, singer and actor Fred Astaire dies on June 23, 1986 AD. CzechAmerican tennis player Martina Navratilova wins the sixth following women's singles
title at Wimbledon on July 5, 1987 AD. The Remembrance Day (IRA) bombing also

known as the Enniskillen bombing occurs on November 8, 1987 AD. US President

Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign the Intermediate-Range
Nuclear Forces Treaty on December 8, 1987 AD. Roh Tae-woo wins the South
Korean presidential elections on December 16, 1987 AD. Beginning of the First
Intifada in December 1987 AD.

1988 AD
The 1988 Winter Olympics are held in Calgary. Francois Mitterrand is reelected
President of the French Republic on May 10, 1988 AD. Iran Air Flight 655 is shot
down by the US guided missile cruiser Vincennes on July 3, 1988 AD. The Piper
Alpha disaster occurs on July 6, 1988 AD. Angola, Cuba and South Africa agree to a
ceasefire on August 8, 1988 AD. Pakistani President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq is killed
in a plane crash on August 17, 1988 AD. The 1988 Summer Olympics are held in
Seoul. Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver and founder of Ferrari dies on August 14,
1988 AD. The Iran-Iraq War ends on August 20, 1988 AD. George H. W. Bush wins
the US Presidential elections on November 11, 1988 AD. Benazir Bhutto wins the
Pakistani general elections on November 17, 1988 AD. American musician, singer
and songwriter Roy Orbison dies on December 6, 1988 AD. At least 25,000 people
are killed in the Spitak earthquake on December 7, 1988 AD. The Clapham Junction
rail crash occurs on December 12, 1988 AD. The Lockerbie Bombing occurs on
December 22, 1988 AD.

1989 AD
Emperor of Japan, Hirohito dies on January 7, 1989 AD. Spanish painter Salvador
Dali dies on January 23, 1989 AD. Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan on
February 2, 1989 AD. Paraguayan President Alfredo Stroessner is overthrown by a
military coup on February 3, 1989 AD. The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurs on March
23, 1989 AD. 95 people are killed in the Hillsborough Disaster on April 15, 1989 AD.
Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita resigns on April 25, 1989 AD. Ayatollah
Khomeini dies on June 3, 1989 AD. The Ufa train disaster occurs on June 4, 1989
AD. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 are suppressed on June 4, 1989 AD. The
Loma Prieta earthquake occurs on October 19, 1989 AD. The Fall of the Berlin Wall
on November 9, 1989 AD. Bulgarian Communist leader Todor Zhivkov resigns on
November 10, 1989 AD. Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist
Andrei Sakharov dies on November 14, 1989 AD. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev
and US President George H. W. Bush declare the beginning of a peaceful era at the
Malta Summit on December 3, 1989 AD. The Velvet Revolution (Czechoslovakia)
November 17 - December 29, 1989 AD. Patricio Aylwin defeats Augusto Pinochet in
Chilean presidential elections on December 14, 1989 AD. The US invasion of Panama
starts on December 20, 1989 AD. Irish writer Samuel Beckett dies on December 22,
1989 AD. Romanian Communist leader and President Nicolae Ceausescu is executed
on December 25, 1989 AD. Vaclav Havel becomes President of Czechoslovakia on
December 29, 1989 AD.

1990 AD to 1991 AD
1990 AD
General Manuel Noriega surrenders to US forces on January 3, 1990 AD.
Dissolution of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia on January 22, 1990 AD.
Dissolution of the Communist Party of Poland on January 27, 1990 AD. Nelson
Mandela is released from prison on February 11, 1990 AD. Lithuania proclaims
independence from the USSR on March 11, 1990 AD. Mikhail Gorbachev becomes
President of the Soviet Union on the dissolution of the USSR Supreme Soviet on

March 15, 1990 AD. Namibia gains independence from South Africa on March 21,
1990 AD. America actress Greta Garbo dies on April 15, 1990 AD. The Hubble
Space Telescope is launched on April 14, 1990 AD. Latvia proclaims independence
from the USSR on May 4, 1990 AD. Estonia proclaims independence from the USSR
on May 8, 1990 AD. Unification of Yemen on May 22, 1990 AD. Alberto Fujimori
wins the Peruvian Presidential elections on June 10, 1990 AD. The 1990 ManjilRudbar earthquake occurs on June 21, 1990 AD. Outbreak of the Gulf War on August
2, 1990 AD. Armenia proclaims independence from the USSR on August 23, 1990
AD. Azerbaijan declares independence from the USSR on August 30, 1990 AD. The
Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany also known as the Two Plus
Four Agreement is signed on September 12, 1990 AD. German reunification on
October 3, 1990 AD. Margaret Thatcher resigns as UK Prime Minister on November
22, 1990 AD. Lech Walesa becomes President of the Republic of Poland on
December 22, 1990 AD.

1991 AD
The Operation Desert Storm begins on January 17, 1991 AD. Olaf V of Norway
dies on January 17, 1991 AD, and is succeeded by Harald V. Outbreak of the Somali
Civil War in January 1991 AD. The Birmingham Six are released from prison on
March 14, 1991 AD. The Warsaw Pact is dissolved on March 31, 1991 AD. Georgia
declares independence from the USSR on April 9, 1991 AD. The 1991 Bangladesh
cyclone kills over 130,000 people on April 29, 1991 AD. Boris Yeltsin is elected
President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on May 12, 1991 AD.
Former Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated on May 21, 1991 AD.
Ethiopian President Mengistu Haile Mariam is overthrown by a coup on May 28,
1991 AD. Slovenia and Croatia declare independence from SFR Yugoslavia on June
25, 1991 AD. The Slovenian War for independence also known as the Ten-Day War
is fought from June 27 to July 6, 1991 AD. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and US
President George H. W. Bush signs the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) on
July 31, 1991 AD. Outbreak of the Croatian War for Independence in August 1991
AD. The 1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt on August 19-21, fails. Ukraine declares
independence from the USSR on August 24, 1991 AD. Belarus declares independence
from the USSR on August 25, 1991 AD. Moldova declares independence from the
USSR on August 27, 1991 AD. Uzbekistan declares independence from the USSR on
September 1, 1991 AD. Macedonia proclaims independence from SFR Yugoslavia on
September 8, 1991 AD. Kazakhstan proclaims independence from the USSR on
December 16, 1991 AD. Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States
on December 21, 1991 AD. Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as President of the USSR on
December 25, 1991 AD. The Soviet Union is officially dissolved on December 26,
1991 AD.

1992 AD to 1993 AD
1992 AD
Secretary-General of the United Nations, Javier Perez de Cuellar is succeeded by
Boutros Boutros- Ghali on January 1, 1992 AD. The Chapultepec Peace Accords
signed on January 16, 1992 AD, end the Salvadoran Civil War. Outbreak of the
Algerian Civil War in December 1992 AD. The Maastricht Treaty is signed on
February 7, 1992 AD. The 1992 Winter Olympics are held in Albertville. Bosnia and
Herzegovina proclaims independence from SFR Yugoslavia on March 1, 1992 AD.
Outbreak of the Bosnian War in March 1992 AD. Peruvian President Alberto
Fujimori carries out a presidential coup on April 5, 1992 AD. President of the
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Mohammad Najibullah resigns on April 16,

1992 AD. The Los Angeles Riots break out on April 29, 1992 AD. German-born
actress and singer Marlene Dietrich dies on May 6, 1992 AD. Algerian President
Mohamed Boudiaf is assassinated on June 29, 1992 AD. The 1992 Summer Olympics
are held in Barcelona. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is
signed on August 12, 1992 AD. Former German Chancellor Willy Brandt dies on
October 8, 1992 AD. Bill Clinton wins the US Presidential elections on November 3,
1992 AD. The US troops leave the Philippines on November 24, 1992 AD.

1993 AD
Czechoslovakia splits into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on January 1, 1993
AD. Russian President Boris Yeltsin and US President George H. W. Bush sign the
START II on January 3, 1993 AD. American actress Audrey Hepburn dies on January
20, 1993 AD. The 1993 World Trade Center bombing occurs on February 26, 1993
AD. Ezer Weizman is elected President of Israel on March 24, 1993 AD. Turkish
President Turgut Ozal dies on April 17, 1993 AD. The Waco Siege ends on April 19,
1993 AD. Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia on May 24, 1993 AD. Tansu
Ciller become the first female Prime Minister of Turkey on June 25, 1993 AD. US
President orders bombing of Iraq on June 26, 1993 AD. Baudouin of Belgium dies on
July 31, 1993 AD, and is succeeded by his brother Albert II. Prime Minister of Japan,
Morihiro Hosokawa forms the first non-Liberal Democratic Party government since
1955 on August 9, 1993 AD. The Declaration of Principles on Interim SelfGovernment Arrangements commonly called the Oslo Accords are signed in the
presence of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
and US President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1993 AD. Restoration of Norodom
Sihanouk as King of Cambodia on September 24, 1993 AD. The 1993 Russian
constitutional crisis September 21 - October 4, 1993 AD. The 1993 Latur earthquake
occurs in India on September 30, 1993 AD. Italian film director Federico Fellini dies
on October 31, 1993 AD. Benazir Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party wins the Pakistani
general elections on October 6, 1993 AD. The European Union is established by the
Treaty of Maastricht on November 1, 1993 AD. Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar
is killed on December 2, 1993 AD. Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle is elected President of
Chile on December 11, 1993 AD.

1994 AD to 1996 AD
1994 AD
The Zapatista Uprising begins on January 1, 1994 AD. NATO intervenes in the
Bosnian War on February 5, 1994 AD. The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in
Lillehammer. The Cave of the Patriarchs massacre occurs on February 25, 1994 AD.
Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia wins the Italian parliamentary elections on March 27,
1994 AD. Romanian-French writer Eugene Ionesco dies on March 28, 1994 AD.
Assassination of Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994 AD,
leads to the Rwandan Genocide. Former US President Richard Nixon dies on April
22, 1994 AD. Nelson Mandela's African National Congress wins the first multi-racial
South African general elections on April 27, 1994 AD. Brazilian racing driver Ayrton
Senna is killed in a crash at the San Marino Grand Prix on May 1, 1994 AD. Israeli
forces withdraw from Gaza and the West Bank town of Jericho on May 4, 1994 AD.
The Civil War in Yemen May 4 - July 7, 1994 AD. The Channel Tunnel is opened on
May 6, 1994 AD. Inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the first black President of
South Africa on May 10, 1994 AD. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis dies on May 19,
1994 AD. President of North Korea, Kim Il-sung dies on July 8, 1994 AD, and is
succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, Venezuelan terrorist
known as Carlos the Jackal is arrested on August 15, 1994 AD. The IRA declares

ceasefire on August 31, 1994 AD. American actor Burt Lancaster dies on October 20,
1994 AD. Outbreak of the First Chechen War on December 11, 1994 AD.

1995 AD
Finland, Austria and Sweden become members of the European Union on January
1, 1995 AD. The Great Hanshin earthquake also known as Kobe earthquake occurs on
January 17, 1995 AD. The Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway on March 20, 1995
AD. The Oklahoma City bombing occurs on April 19, 1995 AD. Jacques Chirac
becomes President of France on May 17, 1995 AD. Russian ballet dancer Alexander
Godunov dies on May 18, 1995 AD. American actress Lana Turner dies on June 29,
1995 AD. O. J. Simpson is found not guilty for murder of his ex-wife and her friend
Ronald Goldman on October 3, 1995 AD. Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated on November
11, 1995 AD. Aleksander Kwasniewski defeats Lech Walesa in the Polish presidential
elections on November 19, 1995 AD. The Barcelona Treaty on Euromediterranean
Partnership is signed on November 28, 1995 AD. The Dayton Agreement signed on
December 14, 1995 AD, ends the war in Bosnia. American actor and singer Dean
Martin dies on December 25, 1995 AD.

1996 AD
Former French President Francois Mitterrand dies on January 8, 1996 AD. Yasser
Arafat becomes the first President of the Palestinian National Authority on January
20, 1996 AD. Nigerian President Mahamane Ousmane is overthrown by a military
coup on January 27, 1996 AD. American actor, dancer, singer, and film director and
producer Gene Kelly dies on February 2, 1996 AD. Rene Preval becomes President of
Haiti on February 7, 1996 AD. The United Kingdom is alarmed by the Bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) also known as the mad cow disease on March 20,
1996 AD. Romano Prodi wins the Italian general elections on April 21, 1996 AD.
American jazz vocalist Ella Fitzgerald dies on June 15, 1996 AD. Boris Yeltsin is
reelected President of Russia on June 16, 1996 AD. Benjamin Netanyahu becomes
Prime Minister of Israel on June 18, 1996 AD. Dolly the sheep born on July 5, 1996
AD, becomes the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells. The 1996 Summer
Olympics are held in Atlanta. Polish-born Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein dies on
August 1, 1996 AD. Prince Charles and Princess Diane divorce on August 28, 1996
AD. The Khasavyurt Accord signed on August 31, 1996 AD, ends the First Chechen
War. The Talibans capture Kabul on September 27, 1996 AD. Bill Clinton is reelected
President of the United States on November 5, 1996 AD. Madeleine Albright is the
first female to be appointed US Secretary of State on December 5, 1996 AD. United
Nations General Assembly elects Kofi Annan as General Secretary of the United
Nations on December 17, 1996 AD. Italian actor Marcello Mastroianni dies on
December 19, 1996 AD. The 36-year long Guatemalan Civil War ends on December
29, 1996 AD.

1997 AD to 1998 AD
1997 AD
Israel hand over the city of Hebron to the Palestinians on January 17, 1997 AD.
Swiss banks announce creation of a fund to aid the Holocaust victims on February 5,
1997 AD. President of Guyana Cheddi Jagan dies on March 6, 1997 AD. Julius Chan
resigns due to the Sandline affair on March 26, 1997 AD. 39 members of the Heaven's
Gate commit suicide on March 26, 1997 AD. Tony Blair is appointed Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom on May 2, 1997 AD. IBM's Deep Blue defeats World Chess
Champion Garry Kasparov on May 11, 1997 AD. President of Sierra Leone Ahmad
Tejan Kabbah is overthrown by a military coup on May 25, 1997 AD. The United

Kingdom transfers sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on

July 1, 1997 AD. American actor Robert Mitchum dies on July 1, 1997 AD. American
actor James Stewart dies on July 2, 1997 AD. The Asian Financial Crisis begins in
July 1997 AD. Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace is murdered on July 15, 1997
AD. Mohammad Khatami becomes President of Iran on August 2, 1997 AD. Lady
Diana Spencer and her friend Dodi Al-Fayed are killed in a car crash on August 31,
1997 AD. American writer James A. Michener dies on October 16, 1997 AD. Mary
McAleese becomes President of Ireland on November 11, 1997 AD. The Kyoto
Protocol is adopted by the United Nations on December 1997 AD.

1998 AD
American signer, record producer and politician Sony Bono dies on January 5,
1998 AD. The Lewinsky scandal breaks out on January 17, 1998 AD. The 1998
Winter Olympics are held in Nagano. American actor Lloyd Bridges dies on March
10, 1998 AD. Zhu Rongji is elected Premier of the People's Republic of China on
March 17, 1998 AD. The Belfast Agreement is signed on April 10, 1998 AD. The
Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot dies on April 15, 1998 AD. American photographer and
musician Linda McCartney dies on April 17, 1998 AD. The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is
opened on May 5, 1998 AD. American singer and actor Frank Sinatra dies on May 14,
1998 AD. Indonesian President Suharto is forced to resign on May 21, 1998 AD.
Nigerian military ruler Sani Abacha dies on June 8, 1998 AD. The 1998 US Embassy
bombings occur in Tanzania and Kenya on August 7, 1998 AD. Gerhard Schroder
wins the German federal elections on September 27, 1998 AD. Former Chilean
dictator Augusto Pinochet is arrested in the United Kingdom on October 17, 1998
AD. Over 10,000 people are killed in Central America by the Hurricane Mitch
between October 29 and November 3, 1998 AD. Hugo Chavez wins the Venezuelan
presidential elections on December 6, 1998 AD. The Operation Desert Fox (1998
bombing of Iraq) takes place from December 16 to December 19, 1998 AD. The
Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur are completed in 1998 AD.

1999 AD
January June
The euro is introduced as accounting currency on January 1, 1999 AD. Abdullah
II succeeds his deceased father Hussein as King of Jordan on February 7, 1999 AD.
US President Bill Clinton is acquitted of all impeachment chargers on February 12,
1999 AD. Swiss and English balloonists, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones complete
the first non-stop circumnavigation around the globe on March 1, 1999 AD. American
film director and producer Stanley Kubrick dies on March 7, 1999 AD. American
baseball player Joe DiMaggio dies on March 8, 1999 AD. Hungary, Poland and the
Czech Republic become members of NATO on March 12, 1999 AD. 39 people are
killed in a fire in Mont Blanc Tunnel on March 24, 1999 AD. The NATO Bombing of
Yugoslavia March 24 June 10, 1999 AD. Nigerian President Ibrahim Bare
Mainassara is assassinated on April 9, 1999 AD. The Columbine High School
massacre occurs on April 20, 1999 AD. 36 people are killed in the 1999 Oklahoma
tornado outbreak from May 3 to May 6, 1999 AD. The Kargil War is fought between
India and Pakistan from May to July 1999 AD. Ehud Barak is elected Prime Minister
of Israel on May 17, 1999 AD. Nelson Mandela retires as South African President on
June 14, 1999 AD. Kurdish leader and founder of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
Abdullah Ocalan is sentenced to death on June 29, 1999 AD.

July December

John F. Kennedy, Jr. is killed in a plane crash along with his wife and sister-in-law
on July 16, 1999 AD. Mohammed VI succeeds his deceased father Hassan II as King
of Morocco on July 23, 1999 AD. Vladimir Putin is appointed Prime Minister of
Russia on August 9, 1999 AD. Over 15,000 people are killed in the 1999 Izmir
earthquake on August 17, 1999 AD. The Second Chechnen War breaks out on August
26, 1999 AD. Romano Prodi becomes President of the European Commission on
September 16, 1999 AD. The Tokaimura nuclear accident occurs on September 20,
1999 AD. General Pervez Musharraf overthrows the Pakistani government by a
nonviolent coup d'etat on October 12, 1999 AD. Armenian Prime Minister Vazgen
Sargsyan and 7 other high ranking officials are killed in the 1999 Armenian
parliament shooting on October 27, 1999 AD. Croatian President Franjo Tuman dies
on December 19, 1999 AD. Portugal transfers the sovereignty of Macau to the
People's Republic of China on December 20, 1999 AD. Boris Yeltsin resigns as
President of Russia on December 31, 1999 AD, and is succeeded by Vladimir Putin as
acting President.

2000 AD
January June
American cartoonist Charles M. Schulz dies on February 12, 2000 AD. The
NEAR Shoemaker becomes the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid on February 14,
2000 AD. Reformist parties win the Iranian parliamentary elections on February 25,
2000 AD. Inauguration of Ricardo Lagos as President of Chile on March 11, 2000
AD. 778 followers of the Ugandan Movement for the Restoration of the Ten
Commandments of God also referred as a Doomsday cult commit mass suicide on
March 18, 2000 AD. Chen Shui-bian is elected President of the Republic of China on
March 18, 2000 AD. Vladimir Putin is elected President of Russia on March 26, 2000
AD. Ahmet Necdet Sezers swears in as President of the Republic of Turkey on May
16, 2000 AD. Newly elected President of the Republic of China, Chen Shui-bian
makes the Four Noes and One Without pledge to Taiwan on May 20, 2000 AD. Israel
ends the 22-year long occupation of southern Lebanon on May 25, 2000 AD. The first
North-South Korean presidential summit takes place on June 13, 2000 AD. Human
genome is announced to be deciphered on June 26, 2000 AD.

July December
American actor Walter Matthau dies on July 1, 2000 AD. Vicente Fox is elected
President of Mexico on July 2, 2000 AD. Bashar al-Assad assumes the office of
President of Syria on July 17, 2000 AD. 113 people are killed in the Air France Flight
4590 on July 25, 2000 AD. Argentine cardiac surgeon Rene Favaloro dies on July 29,
2000 AD. The Russian submarine Kursk explosion occurs on August 12, 2000 AD.
The outbreak of Second Intifada in September 2000 AD. The 2000 Summer Olympics
are held in Sydney. Downfall of Slobodan Miloevi's regime in Serbia on October 5,
2000 AD. Vojislav Kotunica swears in as President of Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). 17 sailors are killed in the Al-Qaeda terrorist
attack on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000 AD. George W. Bush is elected US
President on November 7, 2000 AD. Former First Lady Hillary Clinton is elected US
Senator on November 7, 2000 AD. 115 people are killed in the Kaprun disaster on
November 11, 2000 AD. Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori is removed from the
office on November 22, 2000 AD. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak resigns on
December 9, 2000 AD.

2001 AD
January June

President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Laurent-Desire Kabila is

assassinated on January 18, 2001 AD. The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also known as
the Second People Power Revolution takes place from January 17 to January 20, 2001
AD. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo swears in as President of the Philippines on January
20, 2001 AD. Insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia January-November 2001 AD.
More than 20,000 people are killed in the 2001 Gujarat earthquake on January 26,
2001 AD. Ariel Sharon is elected Israeli Prime Minister on February 6, 2001 AD.
NEAR Shoemaker becomes the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid on February 12,
2001 AD. American FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested and charged with
espionage on February 18, 2001 AD. American film director and producer Stanley
Kramer dies on February 19, 2001 AD. Russian space station Mir (launched in 1987
AD) reenters atmosphere on March 23, 2001 AD. Outbreak of the 2001 Cincinnati
riots on April 9, 2001 AD. Junichiro Koizumi becomes Japanese Prime Minister on
April 26, 2001 AD. US multimillionaire Dennis Tito becomes the first space tourist
on April 28, 2001 AD. Silvio Berlusconi wins the Italian general elections on May 13,
2001 AD. Nepalese Crown Prince, Dipendra kills his royal family including King
Birendra at a royal dinner on June 1, 2001 AD. 21 people are killed by a Hamas
suicide bomber in the Dolphinarium discotheque in Tel Aviv on June 1, 2001 AD.
Tony Blair's Labour Party wins the UK general elections on June 7, 2001 AD.
Mohammad Khatami is reelected President of Iran on June 8, 2001 AD. American
chemist Donald J. Cram dies on June 17, 2001 AD. Pervez Musharraf becomes
President of Pakistan on June 20, 2001 AD. American actor Jack Lemmon dies on
June 29, 2001 AD. Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Miloevi is delivered to the
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague on June 28,
2001 AD.

July- December
Russian physicist Nikolay Basov dies on July 1, 2001 AD. The Treaty of GoodNeighborliness and Friendly Cooperation between the People's Republic of China and
the Russian Federation is signed on July 16, 2001 AD. G-7, a forum consisting of
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States of America, the United Kingdom,
Canada and Russia is renamed to the G-8 on July 20, 2001 AD. Alejandro Toledo
swears in as President of Peru on July 28, 2001 AD. Almost 3,000 people are killed in
the September 11 attacks upon the United States. The 2001 anthrax attacks in
September- October 2001 AD. The War in Afghanistan begins on October 7, 2001
AD. The IRA announces beginning of disarmament process on October 23, 2001 AD.
John Howard is reelected Prime Minister of Australia on November 10, 2001 AD.
English musician George Harrison dies on November 29, 2001 AD. Enron
Corporation files for bankruptcy on December 2, 2001 AD. 12 people are killed in the
2001 Indian Parliament attack on December 13, 2001 AD. The first president of
Senegal, Leopold Sedar Senghor dies on December 20, 2001 AD. Hamid Karzai
becomes Afghan acting president on December 22, 2001 AD. English actor Nigel
Hawthorne dies on December 26, 2001 AD.

2002 AD
January June
Euro becomes the official currency in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
Greece, Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Finland and Ireland on
January 1, 2002 AD. Treaty on Open Skies enters into force on January 1, 2002 AD.
Russian physicist Alexander Prokhorov dies on January 8, 2002 AD. Enrique Bolanos
is sworn in as President of Nicaragua on January 10, 2002 AD. Swedish writer Astrid
Lindgren dies on January 28, 2002 AD. Kidnapped Wall Street Journal reporter

Daniel Pearl is assassinated in Pakistan on February 1, 2002 AD. The 2002 Winter
Olympics are held in Salt Lake City. Jonas Savimbi, leader of the Angolan UNITA is
killed on February 22, 2002 AD. Senator of Columbia Ingrid Betancourt is kidnapped
on February 23, 2002 AD. The Operation Anaconda takes place from March 1 to
March 18, 2002 AD. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother dies on March 30, 2002
AD. Military coup against Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez on April 11-14, 2002
AD, fails. Jacques Chirac is reelected President of France on May 5, 2002 AD. East
Timor gains independence on May 20, 2002 AD.

July December
The WorldCom files for bankruptcy on July 21, 2002 AD. The Angolan Civil War
ends in August 2002 AD. Goran Persson's Social Democrats win the Swedish general
elections on September 15, 2002 AD. Gerhard Schroder wins German general
elections on September 22, 2002 AD. 202 people are killed in the 2002 Bali bombings
on October 12, 2002 AD. The Moscow theater hostage crisis takes place from
October 23 to October 26, 2002 AD. The Beltway sniper attacks take place from
October 2 to October 24, 2002 AD. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is elected president of
Brazil on October 27, 2002 AD. General Secretary of the Communist Party of China,
Jiang Zemin resigns on November 14, 2002 AD, and is succeeded by Hu Jintao. The
UN weapons inspectors arrive in Iraq on November 18, 2002 AD.

2003 AD
January June
British musician Maurice Gibb dies on January 12, 2003 AD. Ariel Sharon is
reelected Prime Minister of Israel on January 29, 2003 AD. The Space Shuttle
Colombia disaster occurs on February 1, 2003 AD. Outbreak of War in Darfur in
February 2003 AD. Global protests against Iraq war on February 15, 2003 AD.
Serbian Prime Minister Zoran ini is assassinated on March 12, 2003 AD. The
World is alarmed by SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) on March 12, 2003
AD. Hu Jintao succeeds Jiang Zemin as President of the People's Republic of China
on March 15, 2003 AD. The invasion of Iraq begins on March 19, 2003 AD. US
forces capture Baghdad on April 9, 2003 AD. American singer, songwriter and pianist
Nina Simone dies on April 21, 2003 AD. The Old Man of the Mountain collapses in
May 3, 2003 AD. 45 people are killed in the 2003 Casablanca bombings on May 16,
2003 AD. The 2003 European heat wave June-August 2003 AD. American actress
Katharine Hepburn dies on June 29, 2003 AD.

July- December
American singer, songwriter and record producer Barry White dies on July 4,
2003 AD. American comedian and actor Bob Hope dies on July 27, 2003 AD.
Liberian President Charles Taylor resigns on August 11, 2003 AD. Libya accepts
responsibility for the 1988 Lockerbie bombing on August 15, 2003 AD. Prime
Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas resigns on
September 6, 2003 AD. American musician Johnny Cash dies on September 12, 2003
AD. European Space Agency satellite Smart 1 is launched on September 27, 2003
AD. Arnold Schwarzenegger becomes Governor of California on October 7, 2003
AD. China launches its first manned space mission, Shenzhou 5 on October 15, 2003
AD. The last Concorde commercial flight on October 24, 2003 AD. Prime Minister of
Malaysia, Mahathir bin Mohamad resigns on October 31, 2003 AD. Canaan Banana,
the first President of Zimbabwe dies on November 10, 2003 AD. At least 25 people
are killed by two car bombs in Istanbul on November 15, 2003 AD. The Rose
Revolution in Georgia - Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze resigns on

November 23, 2003 AD. 44 people are killed in suicide bombing on a commuter train
in southern Russia on December 5, 2003 AD. Paul Martin becomes Prime Minister of
Canada on December 12, 2003 AD. US forces capture former Iraqi President Saddam
Hussein on December 13, 2003 AD.

2004 AD
January - June
Mikheil Saakashvili is elected President of Georgia on January 4, 2004 AD. The
Hutton Inquiry is published on January 28, 2004 AD. Major outbreak of avian
influenza H5N1 in Asia in January 2004 AD. 251 pilgrims are killed in hajj stampede
in Saudi Arabia on February 1, 2004 AD. Macedonian President Boris Trajkovski is
killed in a plane crash on February 28, 2004 AD. 116 people are killed in the 2004
SuperFerry 14 bombing in the Philippines on February 18, 2004 AD. The 2004 Haiti
Rebellion - President Jean-Bertrand Aristide is forced to resign and flee from the
country on February 29, 2004 AD. 191 people are killed in the 2004 Madrid train
bombings on March 11, 2004 AD. Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero wins Spanish
general elections on March 14, 2004 AD. Outbreak of pogrom against the Serbs in
Kosovo on March 17, 2004 AD. Chen Shui-bian is reelected President of the Republic
of China on March 20, 2004 AD. Antonio Saca is elected President of El Salvador on
March 21, 2004 AD. Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, the founder of Hamas and its spiritual
leader is assassinated by Israeli helicopter gunship on March 22, 2004 AD. British
actor and filmmaker Peter Ustinov dies on March 28, 2004 AD. Bulgaria, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia become members of Nato on
March 29, 2004 AD. Abdel Aziz Al- Rantissi, co-founder of Hamas and its leader
after Ahmed Yassin's death is assassinated by Israeli Army on April 17, 2004 AD.
Kamisese Mara, the first Prime Minister of Fiji and the founding father of the modern
nation of Fiji dies on April 18, 2004 AD. 161 people are killed in the Ryongchon
disaster on April 22, 2004 AD. Greek Cypriots reject unification of the island of
Cyprus on April 22, 2004 AD. The Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse in Iraq is revealed on
April 28, 2004 AD. The Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia become members of the European
Union on May 1, 2004 AD. President of the Chechnen Republic, Akhmad Kadyrov is
assassinated on May 9, 2004 AD. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is reelected President of
the Philippines on May 10, 2004 AD. Manmohan Singh becomes the first Sikh Prime
Minister of India on May 22, 2004 AD. Former US president Ronald Reagan dies on
June 5, 2004 AD. American musician Ray Charles dies on June 10, 2004 AD. Ayad
Allawi is appointed interim Prime Minister of Iraq on June 28, 2004 AD.

July December
American actor Marlon Brando dies on July 1, 2004 AD. The 2004 Summer
Olympics are held in Athens. NASA launches MESSENGER on August 3, 2004 AD.
27 people are killed by the Hurricane Charley in Florida on August 13, 2004 AD. The
Beslan school hostage Crisis September 1-September 3, 2004 AD. The US Survey
Group Final Report on September 30, 2004 AD, reveals no evidence for weapons of
mass destruction in Iraq. John Howard's Liberal Party of Australia wins the Australian
federal elections on October 9, 2004 AD. American actor Christopher Reeve dies on
October 10, 2004 AD. 98 people are killed by Typhoon Tokage in western Japan on
October 21, 2004 AD. Tabare Vazquez is elected President on Uruguay on October
31, 2004 AD. George W. Bush is reelected President of the United States on
November 2, 2004 AD. Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Emir of Abu Dhabi and
President of the United Arab Emirates dies on November 2, 2004 AD. Yasser Arafat,
President of the Palestinian National Authority dies on November 11, 2004 AD.

Beginning of the Orange Revolution in Ukraine on November 22, 2004 AD.

Inauguration of Hamid Karzai as President of Afghanistan on December 7, 2004 AD.
The Millau bridge over the River Tarn and the Massif Central mountains is opened on
December 14, 2004 AD. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake triggers a devastating
tsunami killing over 230,000 people on December 26, 2004 AD. Viktor Yushchenko
wins the Ukrainian presidential elections on December 26, 2004 AD. 194 people are
killed in a fire in Buenos Aires night club on December 31, 2004 AD. The Taipei 101
is opened on December 31, 2004 AD.

2005 AD
January June
Mahmoud Abbas is elected President of the Palestinian National Authority on
January 9, 2005 AD. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement or as the Naivasha
Agreement signed on January 9, 2005 AD, ends the Second Sudanese Civil War. The
Huygens probe lands on Saturn's largest moon Titan on January 14, 2005 AD. Former
President of the People's Republic of China Zhao Ziyang dies on January 17, 2005
AD. 250 people are killed in stampede at the Mandher Devi Temple in India on
January 25, 2005 AD. Georgian Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania dies on February 3,
2005 AD. American essayist and playwright Arthur Miller dies on February 10, 2005
AD. Former Prime Minister of Lebanon, Rafik Hariri is assassinated on February 14,
2005 AD. The Kyoto Protocol enters into force on February 16, 2005 AD. American
millionaire and adventurer Steve Fossett completes the first non-stop and non-fueled
solo flight around the globe on March 3, 2005 AD. President of Kyrgyzstan, Askar
Akayev is overthrown by the Tulip Revolution on March 24, 2005 AD. Pope John
Paul II dies on April 2, 2005 AD. Rainier III, Prince of Monaco dies on April 6, 2005
AD, and is succeeded by his son Albert II. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected Pope
(Benedict XVI) on April 24, 2005 AD. Over 100 people are killed in the Amagasaki
rail crash on April 25, 2005 AD. Tony Blair wins the United Kingdom general
elections on May 5, 2005 AD. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is elected President of Iran on
June 24, 2005 AD. The process of ratification of the European Constitution is
abandoned on June 24, 2005 AD.

July December
56 people are killed in the 7 July 2005 London Bombings. The IRA officially
announces to give up armed campaigns on July 28, 2005 AD. King Fahd of Saudi
Arabia dies on August 1, 2005 AD, and is succeeded by his half-brother Abdullah. US
President George W. Bush signs the DR-CAFTA (the Dominican Republic - Central
America Free Trade Agreement) on August 2, 2005 AD. The Israel's unilateral
disengagement from Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip and West Bank is completed
on August 23, 2005 AD. Almost 2,000 people are killed by the Hurricane Katrina at
the US Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005 AD. About 1,000 people are killed in the
Baghdad bridge stampede on August 31, 2005 AD. Junichiro Koizumi's Liberal
Democratic Party wins Japanese general elections on September 11, 2005 AD. Shinzo
Abe replaces Junichiro Koizumi as President of Liberal Democratic Party on
September 20 and as Japanese Prime Minister on September 26, 2006 AD. The
controversial Muhammad drawings are published in Danish newspaper JyllandsPosten on September 30, 2005 AD. About 80,000 people are killed in the 2005
Kashmir earthquake on October 8, 2005 AD. Outbreak of 2005 civil unrest in France
on October 27, 2005 AD. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is elected President of Liberia and the
first female head of state in Africa on November 8, 2005 AD. 60 people are killed in
the 2005 Amman bombings on November 9, 2005 AD. The first human face

transplant is performed by the French surgeons on November 30, 2005 AD. The 2005
Cronulla riots occur in Sydney on December 11, 2005 AD.

2006 AD
January June
Ehud Olmert is appointed acting Prime Minister of Israel on January 4, 2006 AD,
after Ariel Sharon suffered a hemorrhagic stroke. 362 pilgrims are killed during the
stoning of the devil ritual in Saudi Arabia on January 12, 2006 AD. Emir of Kuwait,
Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah dies on January 15, 2006 AD, and is succeeded
by his son Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah. Inauguration of Evo Morales as
President of Bolivia on January 22, 2006 AD. Stephen Harper's Conservative Party
wins the Canadian federal elections on January 23, 2006 AD. Hamas wins the
Palestinian Legislative Council elections on January 25, 2006 AD. Manuel Zelaya is
inaugurated as President of Honduras on January 27, 2006 AD. Outbreak of the 2006
East Timor Crisis on February 8, 2006 AD. The 2006 Winter Olympics are held in
Turin. Over 1,000 people are killed in Southern Leyte mudslide in the Philippines on
February 17, 2006 AD. 69 miners are killed in the Pasta de Conchos mine disaster in
Mexico on February 19, 2006 AD. Former President of the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, Slobodan Miloevi dies in the War Criminal Prison in The Hague on
March 11, 2006 AD. 7 people are killed in the Capitol Hill Massacre in Seattle on
March 25, 2006 AD. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad confirms that Iran
produced enriched uranium on April 11, 2006 AD. 23 people are killed in the 2006
Dahab bombings on April 24, 2006 AD. The 2006 Democracy Movement in Nepal
also referred as Jana Andolan-II forces King Gyanendra to reinstate the parliament on
April 28, 2006 AD. The Great American Boycott on May 1, 2006 AD. Montenegro
votes in favor of independence from Serbia on May 21, 2006 AD. Al-Qaeda leader in
Iraq Abu Musab al-Zarqawi is killed by the US forces on June 7, 2006 AD.

July December
209 people are killed in the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings. Outbreak of the
2006 Lebanon War on July 12, 2006 AD. Cuban President Fidel Castro transfers
presidential responsibilities to his brother Raul Castro on July 1, 2006 AD. Australian
naturalist and zoologist Steve Irwin dies on September 4, 2006 AD. The 2006 protests
in Hungary break out on September 17, 2006 AD, after the release of Prime Minister
Ferenc Gyurcsany's private speech in which he confessed to have lied to win the
elections. Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra is deposed in a military coup led
by General Sonthi Boonyaratglin on September 19, 2006 AD. Ban Ki-moon is elected
Secretary- General of the United Nations on October 13, 2006 AD. Lebanese Minister
of Industry Pierre Amine Gemayel is assassinated on November 21, 2006 AD. Over
200 people are killed in the Sadr City bombings on November 23, 2006 AD. Russian
dissident Alexander Litvinenko dies on November 23, 2006 AD, after being poisoned
by radioactive polonium-210. Felipe Calderon swears in as President of Mexico on
December 1, 2006 AD. Hugo Chavez is reelected President of Venezuela on
December 3, 2006 AD. The Fijian coup d'etat takes place on December 5, 2006 AD.
Former President of Chile, Augusto Pinochet dies on December 10, 2006 AD. King of
Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck abdicates in favor of his son Jigme Khesar
Namgyal Wangchuck on December 14, 2006 AD. Outbreak of Fatah-Hamas conflict
on December 15, 2006 AD. Outbreak of War in Somalia on December 20, 2006 AD.
American musician James Brown dies on December 25, 2006 AD. At least 200
people are killed in Abule Egba pipeline explosion in Nigeria on December 26, 2006
AD. Former US President Gerard Ford dies on December 26, 2006 AD. Former Iraqi
President Saddam Hussein is executed on December 30, 2006 AD.

2007 AD
January June
Bulgaria and Romania become members of the European Union on January 1,
2007 AD. 135 people are killed in the 3 February 2007 Baghdad market bombing.
North Korea agrees to shut down its nuclear facilities on February 13, 2007 AD.
Slovenian long-distance swimmer Martin Strel becomes the first person to swim the
entire Amazon River on April 7, 2007 AD. 33 people are killed in the 11 April 2007
Algiers bombings. The Virginia Tech massacre occurs on April 16, 2007 AD. Former
Russian President Boris Yeltsin dies on April 23, 2007 AD. Nicolas Sarkozy is
elected President of France on May 6, 2007 AD. Restoration of the Northern Ireland
Assembly on May 8, 2007 AD. Shimon Peres is elected President of Israel on June
13, 2007 AD. Hamas captures the Gaza Strip on June 15, 2007 AD. Tony Blair
resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on June 27, 2007 AD, and is
succeeded by Gordon Brown. Israeli President Moshe Katsav submits resignation on
June 29, 2007 AD, after pleading guilty of sexual harassment.

July December
Mohammed Zahir Shah, the last King of Afghanistan dies on July 23, 2007 AD.
13 people are killed in the I-35W Mississippi River bridge collapse on August 1, 2007
AD. Nearly 800 people are killed in the 2007 Yazidi communities bombings in Iraqi
towns of Qahtaniya and Jazeera on August 14, 2007 AD. Over 500 people are killed
in the 2007 Peru Earthquake on August 15, 2007 AD. Outbreak of the Burmese antigovernment protests on August 15, 2007 AD. 42 people are killed in the 25 August
2007 Hyderabad bombings. Italian opera singer Luciano Pavarotti dies on September
6, 2007 AD. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe resigns on September 12, 2007 AD,
and is succeeded by Yasuo Fukuda on September 23, 2007 AD. Pervez Musharraf is
reelected President of Pakistan on October 6, 2007 AD. American track and field
athlete, Marion Jones admits taking steroids and surrenders five Olympic medals on
October 8, 2007 AD. Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan on October 18, 2007 AD.
First Lady Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner is elected President of Argentina on
October 28, 2007 AD. Over 70 people are killed in the 2007 Baghlan sugar factory
bombing on November 6, 2007 AD. Almost 3,500 are killed by Cyclone Sidr in
Bangladesh on November 15, 2007 AD. 101 miners are killed in the Zasyadko mine
disaster on November 18, 2007 AD. Kevin Rudd's Australian Labour Party wins the
Australian general elections on November 24, 2007 AD. Pervez Musharraf steps
down as Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistani Army on November 28, 2007 AD. The
Treaty of Lisbon is signed by the EU member states on December 13, 2007 AD. Yulia
Tymoshenko is elected Prime Minister of Ukraine on December 18, 2007 AD. Lee
Myung-bak wins South Korean presidential elections on December 27, 2007 AD.
Benazir Bhutto is assassinated on December 27, 2007 AD. Mwai Kibaki's
proclamation of victory in the Kenyan presidential elections on December 27, 2007
AD, provokes violent riots known as the 2007-2008 Kenyan crisis.

2008 AD
January June
Mikheil Saakashvili is reelected President of Georgia on January 5, 2008 AD.
New Zealand mountaineer and explorer Edmund Hillary dies on January 11, 2008
AD. Bobby Fischer, one of the greatest chess players of all time dies on January 17,
2008 AD. A peace agreement signed on January 23, ends the Kivu conflict in the
Democratic Republic of Congo. Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi looses vote of
confidence in the Senate on January 24, 2008 AD. Boris Tadi is reelected President

of Serbia on February 3, 2008 AD. The Namdaemun fire occurs on February 10, 2008
AD. American actor Roy Schneider dies on February 10, 2008 AD. Kosovo declares
independence from Serbia on February 17, 2008 AD. Over 100 people are killed in
the 2008 Kandahar bombing on February 17, 2008 AD. Fidel Castro announces his
resignation on February 19, 2008 AD. Raul Castro is elected President of Cuba on
February 24, 2008 AD. Dmitry Medvedev is elected President of Russia on March 2,
2008 AD. Outbreak of the 2008 Tibetan unrest on March 10, 208 AD. American actor
Charlton Heston dies on April 5, 2008 AD. Silvio Berlusconi wins the Italian general
elections on April 14, 2008 AD. Appointment of Raila Odinga as Prime Minister on
April 17, 2008 AD, ends the 2007-2008 Kenyan crisis. Over 100,000 people are killed
by Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar (Burma) on May 3, 2008 AD. Former Russian
President Vladimir Putin is appointed Prime Minister on May 8, 2008 AD. More than
60,000 people are killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 AD.
Abolishment of monarchy in Nepal on May 28, 2008 AD. Only 115 of total 862
passengers and crew survive the sinking of the MV Princess of the Stars on June 21,
2008 AD. Robert Mugabe is reelected President of Zimbabwe on June 28, 2008 AD.

July December
French-Columbian politician and former Senator of Columbia, Ingrid Betancourt
is rescued on July 2, 2008 AD, after being held hostage by the Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Colombia for over 6 years. Over 50 people are killed in the 2008 Indian
embassy bombing in Kabul on July 7, 2008 AD. The first President of Rebublika
Srpska, Radovan Karadi is arrested in Belgrade on July 21, 2008 AD. Over 150
people are killed in the 2008 Naina Devi temple stampede on August 3, 2008 AD.
Georgia launches attack against South Ossetia on August 7, 2008 AD, starting the
2008 South Ossetia War. Russia intervenes the South Ossetia War on August 8, 2008
AD. The 2008 Sumer Olympics are held in Beijing. Pakistani President Pervez
Musharraf resigns on August 18, 2008 AD. Over 60 people are killed in the 2008
Wah bombing in Pakistan on August 21, 2008 AD. Russia recognizes independence
of South Ossetia and Abkhazia on August 26, 2008 AD. Yasuo Fukuda announces his
resignation on September 1, 2008 AD. State of emergency is declared in Thailand on
September 2, 2008 AD, after the clash between PAD (People's Alliance for
Democracy) and anti- PAD protesters. Asif Ali Zardari is elected President of
Pakistan on September 6, 2008 AD. American actor Paul Newman dies on September
26, 2008 AD. Over 200 people are killed in the 2008 Jodhpur stampede in India on
September 30, 2008 AD. Controversial Austrian politician Jorg Haider dies in a car
accident on October 11, 2008 AD. Stephen Harper wins the Canadian federal
elections on October 14, 2008 AD. Barack Obama is elected President of the United
States on November 4, 2008 AD. South African singer and human rights activist
Miriam Makeba dies on November 10, 2008 AD. The first G-20 summit is held in
Washington on November 14-15, 2008 AD. Over 170 people are killed in the 2008
Mumbai attacks from November 26 to November 29, 2008 AD. Patriarch of Moscow
and all Rus, Alexy II dies on December 5, 2008 AD. Outbreak of 2008 Greek riots on
December 6, 2008 AD. Former Rwandan military officer Theoneste Bagosora is
convicted of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to life
imprisonment by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda on December 18,
2008 AD. William Mark Felt ("Deep Throat") dies on December 18, 2008 AD.
President of Guinea Lansana Conte dies on December 22, 2008 AD. Outbreak of the
Gaza War on December 27, 2008 AD.

2009 AD
January June

John Atta Mills is elected President of Ghana on January 2, 2009 AD. Russia cuts
off gas supply to Europe through Ukraine on January 7, 2009 AD. Collapse of
Icelandic bank system on January 26, 2009 AD. Eruption of the Black Saturday
bushfires in Australia on February 7, 2009 AD. Opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai
is inaugurated as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe on February 11, 2009 AD. President of
Guinea-Bissau, Joao Bernardo Vieira is assassinated on March 2, 2009 AD. President
of Madagascar, Marc Ravalomanana resigns on March 17, 2009 AD. At least 200
African migrants die in shipwreck off Libya coast on March 31, 2009 AD. Benjamin
Netanyahu becomes Prime Minister of Israel on March 31, 2009 AD. Albania and
Croatia become members of NATO on April 1, 2009 AD. Over 300 people are killed
in the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake on April 6, 2009 AD. Former Chilean President
Alberto Fujimori is convicted of human rights abuses and sentenced to 25 years in
prison on April 7, 2009 AD. Outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus (swine flu) in
Mexico in April 2009 AD. Five people are killed in assassination attempt on the
Dutch royal family in Apeldoorn on April 30, 2009 AD. Ricardo Martinelli is elected
President of Panama on May 3, 2009 AD. Manmohan Singh's Congress Party wins
the Indian general elections on May 13, 2009 AD. The Sri Lankan Civil War ends on
May 18, 2009 AD. Former President of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun commits suicide
on May 23, 2009 AD. US largest automaker General Motors files for bankruptcy on
June 1, 2009 AD. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is reelected President of Iran on June 13,
2009 AD. American signer and entertainer Michael Jackson dies on June 25, 2009
AD. American actress Farrah Fawcett dies on June 25, 2009 AD. President of
Honduras, Manuel Zelaya is removed from the office and exiled by the military on
June 28, 2009 AD. Bernard Madoff, the operator of the largest Ponzi scheme in
history is sentenced to 150 years in prison on June 29, 2009 AD.

July December
Over 150 people die in the July 2009 Urumqi riots in China on July 5, 2009 AD.
Former President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino dies on August 1, 2009 AD.
Over 500 people are killed by Typhoon Morakot on August 10, 2009 AD. Over 100
people are killed in the 19 August 2009 Baghdad bombings. US Senator Edward M.
Kennedy dies on August 25, 2009 AD. Russian author Sergey Mikhalkov dies on
August 27, 2009 AD. Yukio Hatoyama's Democratic Party wins Japanese general
elections on August 30, 2009 AD. American actor Patrick Swayze dies on September
14, 2009 AD. Angela Merkel wins German federal elections on September 27, 2007
AD. Over 700 people are killed by Typhoon Ketsana on September 28, 2009 AD.
Almost 200 people are killed in the 2009 Samoa earthquake on September 29, 2009
AD. More than 1,000 people are killed in the 2009 Sumatra earthquakes on
September 30, 2009 AD. Ireland supports the Treaty of Lisbon in the second
referendum on October 2, 2009 AD. The LCROSS impact takes place on October 9,
2009 AD. US President Barack Obama wins the Nobel Peace Price on October 29,
2009 AD. Over 150 people are killed in the 25 October 2009 Baghdad bombings.
More than 100 people are killed in the 28 October 2009 Peshawar bombings. French
anthropologist and ethnologist Claude Levi-Strauss dies on October 30, 2009 AD.
Abdullah Abdullah withdraws from the Afghani presidential runoff elections on
November 1, 2009 AD. The Czech Republic signs the Treaty of Lisbon as the last EU
member-state on November 3, 2009 AD. Spanish writer Francisco Ayala dies on
November 3, 2009 AD. Herman Van Rompuy is designated the first President of the
European Union on November 3, 2009 AD. 13 people are killed in the Fort Hood
shooting on November 5, 2009 AD. CERN's Large Hadron Collider particle
accelerator in Geneva is restarted on November 20, 2009 AD. Over 50 people are

killed in the Maguindanao massacre on November 23, 2009 AD. 27 people are killed
in the 2009 Nevsky Express bombing on November 27, 2009 AD. The Treaty of
Lisbon enters into force on December 1, 2009 AD. The 2009 United Nations Climate
Change Conference is held from December 7 to December 18, 2009 AD. Over 100
people are killed in the 8 December 2009 Baghdad bombings.