Water Fountain

Provided by TryEnginee ering - ww ww.tryeng gineering. .org Lesson Focus T This lesson demonstrates how a hydraulic pump wor rks. Studen nts work in n teams to design a and build a unique wa ater founta ain that em mploys a hy ydraulic pump. Lesson Synopsis S Students ex xplore a hy ydraulic pu ump throug gh a demon nstration. They build d their own pumps a and work in n teams to design a water w fount tain. Age Levels 1 10-18 Objectives D During this s activity st tudents will: Explo ore hydrau ulic pumps. . Design & build a water fo ountain. ng design process p to solve the d design cha allenge. Implement the engineerin Anticipated Learner Outcomes A As a result of this activity, stude ents will ha ave: Explo ored hydra aulic pumps s. Designed & bui ilt a water fountain. ering design process to solve th he design c challenge. Implemented the enginee Lesson Activities S Students discuss wate er fountain ns and pum mps. Studen nt teams then observ ve a d demonstrat tion of a hy ydraulic pu ump. Next they will d esign, build, test, and redesign their o own unique e water fou untain. Eac ch team wil ll demonstr rate their w water fountain and sh hare t their responses to ref flection que estions. Resources/Materials Teac cher Resource Docum ments (attac ched) Stud dent Worksheets (atta ached) Stud dent Resource Sheets s (attached) Alignment to Curriculum Frameworks S See attache ed curriculum alignment sheet.

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Internet Connections Pascals Principal and Hydraulic Press: (http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/pasc.html) Pressure and Applications: (www.answers.com/topic/pressure) More Pump Lessons: (www.swe.org/iac/LP/pumps_04.html) TryEngineering (www.tryengineering.org) IEEE Global History Network (www.ieeeghn.org) ITEA Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology (www.iteaconnect.org/TAA) National Science Education Standards (www.nsta.org/publications/nses.aspx) Optional Writing Activity Have students write a poem about a water fountain using figurative language. Have student write an essay about the impact that water fountains, pumps, and hydraulic technology has had in society.

Water Fountain
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Water Fountain
For Teachers: Teacher Resource Lesson Goal T The goal of f this lesson is for stu udents to design, buil d, test, and redesign n their o own unique e water fou untain. Eac ch team wi ill demonst trate their water foun ntain and s share t their responses to ref flection que estions. Lesson Objective es D During this s activity st tudents will: Explo ore hydrau ulic pumps. . Design & build a water fo ountain. ng design process p to solve the d design cha allenge. Implement the engineerin Materials Water Fountain Design Ch hallenge General supplies available a to o everyone e on a reso urce table in the clas ssroom. -liter plastic bottles (straight) Two One-liter plastic bottles (s straight) More e plastic bo ottles Plast tic tubing (various ( dia ameters) Wooden skewe ers ws (different sizes) Straw Corrugated car rdboard Plast tic sandwic ch bags Clay Rubb ber bands Wate erproof Tap pe Sciss sors Xacto knife (NO OTE: for on nly the teac cher to use e) els Towe Wate er Desig gn Challenge Worksh heet Plast tic tubs Hydrau ulic Pump Demonstration (TE EACHER) Two-liter plastic bottle (st traight) One-liter plastic bottle (st traight) Plast tic tubing Wate erproof tap pe Corrugated car rdboard ers Wooden skewe Clay Sciss sors Xacto knife (NO OTE: for on nly the teac cher to use e) er Wate Pump Resource e Sheet tic tub Plast
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Water Fountain
For Teachers (continued): Time Ne eeded three e to four 45 minute sessions s Procedu ure Introduction (~1/2 ho our) A student ts what kin nds of wate er fountains s they have e seen and d where the ey have 1. Ask seen them. H studen nts take a minute to think abou ut how a fo ountain wor rks. Have e each 2. Have st tudent ske etch what he h or she th hinks the in nside of a typical pum mp may loo ok like. Next, N in small groups, , have stud dents share e sketches to determine the com mmon th hemes or component c ts of comm mon themes s. After giv ving teams enough tim me to discuss, eac ch group will w share with the clas ss. Appoint t one stude ent as the class re ecorder. This T studen nt will be in n charge of f compiling a list of co ommon ide eas for pump comp ponents fro om the clas ss discussio on. The fina al list can b be posted in the ro oom as a reference r fo or the design phase. 3. Handout H the e student Water W Foun ntain Work ksheet and have stude ents take a minute m to explain in writing w how w they think k a pump w works. Disc cuss with the class th he several different ty ypes of pumps and p principles. mp Demon nstration (~15 min nutes) Hydraulic Pum D te the hydr raulic pump p and discu uss with th he class. 1. Demonstrat 2. See S Pump Resource R Sheet. 3. Discuss D construction details d of th he pump w with the stu udents. Desi ign/Build/Test/Redesign (~ ~1-2 hours s) 1. Separate S students into o teams of f 3-5. 2. Remind R stud dents to fo ollow the en ngineering design pro ocess: Brain nstorm solu ution to the e challenge e Choose best sol lution type Build the protot Test the prototy ype type Redesign protot e the final design with class Share 3. Have H studen nts design, , build, test and rede sign their w water foun ntain. mmunicate e (~1/2 ho our) Com 1. Each team will w demonstrate their fountain and share their answ wers to the re eflection qu uestions.

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Water Fountain
For Teachers: Pump Resource A pump is a device which is use ed to move fluids inclu uding gase es and liqui ids. I It moves liq quids or ga ases from lower press sure to hig her pressu ure, and o overcomes this differe ence in pre essure by adding a ene ergy to the system (such as a w water s system). B Basic types s of pumps (Source: http://www h w.answers. .com/topic/ /pressure): Siphon hose- used u to draw petroleu um from a car's gas tank. Sucking on one end of the hose h create es an area of low pressure com pared to th he relatively high-pre essure area of the gas s tank. Eve entually, the gasoline will come out of the low-pressu ure end he hose. of th Pisto on pump- consists c of a vertical cylinder c alo ong which a piston rises and falls. Near r the bottom m of the cy ylinder are two valve s, an inlet valve thro ough which fluid flows s into the cylinder, c an nd an outle et valve thr rough whic ch fluid flow ws out of it t. Hydr raulic Pump p- A hydraulic pump is a device e that uses kinetic energy to for rce a smal ll fraction of o water to a reservoi ir at a high her level (S Source: http://wordnet t.princeton.edu/). It has many application ns, one bei ing a hydra aulic lift a s. for automobiles

Source: (http://hyperphysics s.phy-astr.g gsu.edu/hb base/pasc.html) W Water Foun ntains don t typically use a hydr raulic pump p, however r, for this lesson we w will f focus on th he hydraulic c pump to make our water foun ntain.

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For Teachers: Pump Resource K Key Pump Principles. Source: (w www.answe ers.com/to opic/pressu ure) Pres ssure: is th he ratio of force to th he surface a area over w which it is exerted. Pasc cals Princ ciple: the external e pr ressure app plied on a fluid is tran nsmitted unifo ormly throu ughout the entire bod dy of that f fluid. A pum mp utilizes Pascal's princ ciple, but in nstead of holding h fluid in a sing le containe er, a pump p allows the e fluid to es scape. Specifically, th he pump ut tilizes a pre essure diffe erence, causing the f fluid to move from an area of hig gher pressu ure to one of lower pr ressure. Bern noulli's Pr rinciple: A slow-mov ving fluid ex xerts more e pressure than a fast tmoving fluid. H How to Mak ke the Hyd draulic Pres ss for the class c demon nstration

Basic c Set-up: Use U two em mpty soda bottles one e smaller than the other (sizes are a varia able). Conn nect the tw wo bottles with w a clear ube (diameter is a var riable). r plastic tu Cutti ing the holes for the tube requires a Xacto o knife. Place the ba asic set up into a flat tub t for test ting. Seal: Use wate erproof tape to seal around the tube where it connec cts to each bottle. als are wor rking and t that there are no leak ks. Test to make sure the sea Press sure: The smaller s bot ttle is the bottle b you will add th he water to o and then apply the pressure. p To T help apply the pre essure, cre eate a wat terproof pu uck out of cardboard. Me easure the diameter of o your sma allest bottle and cut o out corruga ated ardboard circles cardboard circles slightly smaller for the puck . Combine about 6 ca overing the e group of them with waterproo of tape. As s soon as t the water is s by co appli ied to the smaller s bot ttle use the e puck to e exert press sure. Push the puck d down into the smaller bottle. (if f your hand d is too big g to fit into o the small bottle atta ached a den skewer into the puck p and use u it as a h handle). wood Foun ntain: To ke eep the les sson as ope en-ended a as possible e, dont add d a fountain desig gn into you ur demo. Simply S sho ow the basi c set up an nd have them create their own innovative e designs. NOTE: There are many varia ables that increase th he complex xity of this challenge. . The size of the t small and large bottles, the size and h height of th he connecti ing tube, the amount of pressur re exerted, , and the lo ocation and d pattern o of holes/tub bes for the e fountain n. If you want w to dec crease the complexity y fix one or r more variables.
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Water Fountain
Student Resource: Water Fountains

W Water foun ntains use a pump to draw wate er from a p ool or rese ervoir and p push it up a t tube. The water w is the en pulled down d by gr ravity. The cycle cont tinues as th he water is s r re-circulate ed. Source e: (http://f fountainfind der.com/ho ow_fountains_work.h htm) E Examples of o Water Fo ountains

T Take a min nute to individually think about how a foun ntain works s. Next sk ketch below w what y you think the inside of o a typical pump may y look like. .

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Student Resource (continued): S SKETCH the inside of a typical pump. p

E Explain how w you think k a pump actually a wo orks:

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Student Worksheet: Water Fountain Design Challenge Scenario T The city rec ceived a fin nancial gift t from a resident with h specific in nstructions s to u use the mo oney to build a water fountain fo or the loca l park. The e city has a asked all sc chools t to design and build a prototype of a water r fountain. The fount tain that fu unctions s successfully y and is the most inte eresting will be chose en to be bu uilt for the park. Design Challenge e D Design and d build a creative water fountain n. Criteria gns must: All desig Func ction successfully. Be aesthetically y pleasing. . Constra aints All desig gns must: Use only the materials m giv ven. Planning Stage M Meet as a team t and discuss d the problem you y need to o solve. Th hen develop p and agre ee on a d design for your y water r fountain. You'll need d to determ mine what materials y you want to use.

D Draw your design in the t box below, and be sure to in ndicate the e descriptio on and num mber of p parts you plan p to use. T Team mem mbers:____ _________ __________ _________ _________ _________ _______ B Brainstorm designs fo or your wat ter fountain:

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Student Worksheet (continued): C Choose you ur best des sign and sk ketch it her re:

Construc ction Phase B Build your water foun ntain. Durin ng construc ction you m may decide e you need additional m materials or o that your design ne eeds to cha ange. This is ok jus st make a n new sketch h and r revise your r materials list.

Testing Phase P E Each team will test th heir water fountain. f If f your desi gn is unsu ccessful, redesign an nd test a again. Cont tinue until you are ha appy with it. Be sure to watch t the tests of f the other teams a and observ ve how thei ir different designs worked. w

S Sketch you ur Final Des sign

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Water Fountain
Student Worksheet (continued): Evaluatio on Phase E Evaluate yo our teams' results, co omplete the e evaluatio on workshe eet, and pr resent y your finding gs to the class. c

U Use this wo orksheet to o evaluate your team's results in n the Wate er Fountain n Lesson: 1. What went well?

2. What didnt go well?

avorite elem ment of your water fo ountain? 3. What is your fa

ou had time e to redesig gn again, what w chang ges would y you make? ? 4. If yo

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For Teachers: Alignment to Curriculum Frameworks N Note: All le esson plans s in this ser ries are aligned to th e National Science E Education Standards S which were e produced d by the Na ational Res search Council a and endors sed by the National Science Teachers Asso ociation, an nd if applic cable, also to the I Internation nal Technology Education Association's Sta andards for r Technological Litera acy or t the Nationa al Council of o Teachers s of Mathem matics' Prin ncipals and d Standard ds for School M Mathematic cs. National l Science Education n Standard ds Grades s 5-8 (age es 10 - 14) CONT TENT STAN NDARD B: Physical Science As a result of the eir activitie es, all students should d develop an underst tanding of Motions and forces s Transfer r of energy CONT TENT STAN NDARD E: Science and a Techn nology As a result of activities, all students should s dev velop Abilities s of technological design Underst tandings ab bout scienc ce and tech hnology National l Science Education n Standard ds Grades s 9-12 (ag ges 14-18) CONT TENT STAN NDARD B: Physical Science As a result of the eir activitie es, all students should d develop understand ding of Motions and forces s Interacti ions of ene ergy and matter m CONT TENT STAN NDARD E: Science and a Techn nology As a result of activities, all students should s dev velop Abilities of technolo ogical desig gn Understa andings about science e and tech nology Standard ds for Tec chnologica al Literacy y - All Age es Desig gn Standard d 10: Students will de evelop an understand ding of the e role of troubleshooting, re esearch and d developm ment, inven ntion and innovation, , and entation in n problem solving. s experime

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