M.A.M.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CE1401- ESTIMATION AND QUANTITY SURVEYING UNIT-I INTRODUCTION QUESTION BANK YEAR/SEM: IV/VII PART-A 1. Give the units of measurement for the following items of work. a) Steel reinforcements in R.C.C. work. Ans: quintal b) Partition wall in brick work. Ans: sq.m 2. Differentiate between Revised Estimate and Supplementary Estimate. Sl.No 1. REVISED ESTIMATE This is required when the sanctioned amount exceeds due to change of rates or addition of works fairly dependent of the work at first sanctioned. So, revised estimate is due to material from the original proposal. It is accompanied with a comparative statement abstract form showing the probable variations for quantity, the rate and amount against each item of works involved in the project. SUPPLEM ENTRY ESTIMATE

2.

3.

This is required due to supplementary works which is not fairly dependent of the work at first sanctioned. So, supplementary estimate is due to material deviation of a structural nature from the design originally approved. No comparative abstract form is required. This is an estimate for additional works only. The abstract shows the original estimate and the total amount of the sanction required including supplementary amount. Revised estimate is required due to Supplementary estimate is required due to change of rate or quantity of some new works or due to change of design materials, so no additions or revisions ,so additions or revisions of drawings may of drawings is necessary. be necessary.

3. What are the methods of estimate? 1) Abstract estimate 2) Detailed estimate 4. Give the importance of estimation.

1) Estimates can result in efficient use of resources and late delivery. 2) Estimates can result in sufficient budget being allocated or excess budget being set aside for the project when it could be used for other projects. 3) This can lead to correct decisions about proceeding with the project being made. 5. Write the different types of estimates. 1) preliminary estimate 2) Plinth area estimate 3) Cubic rate estimate 4) Approximate Quantity Method estimate 5) Detailed estimate 6) Revised Estimate 7) Supplementary Estimate 6. What is degree of accuracy in estimating? When taking measurement and calculation of any item of work, full degree of accuracy is not necessary, but some tolerances are recommended for various items. This is called degree of accuracy. 7. Define Abstract estimate Abstract estimate is required for preliminary studies of various aspects of work or project, to deduce the financial position & policy for administration sanction by the competent administrative authority. 8. Estimate the quantities of brick work & plastering required in a wall 4m long, 3m high & 30 cm thick. Quantities of brick work =LXBXH = 4 x 3 x 0.3 = 3.6 cu. m quantities of plastering (two faces) = 2 x 4 x 3 = 24 sq. m 9. What is plinth area estimate? * This is prepared on the basis of plinth area of building, the rate being deducted from the cost of similar building having similar specification & construction in the locality. * The plinth area should be calculated for the covered area by taking external dimension of the building at the floor level. * The approximate cost of a building having plinth area of 100 sq .m @ Rs.900/- per sq .m works out on as Rs. 90,000/- . 10. Calculate the cost of ( Problem no : 8). If, the rate of brick work is Rs.8.50 per sq.m.

Cost of brick work Cost of plastering total cost

= 3.6 x 320.00 = Rs. 1152.00 = 24 x 8.50 = Rs. 204.00 = 1152.00 + 204.00 = Rs. 1356.00

PART-B 1. Prepare a preliminary estimate for a building with a following data: Plinth area=2400sq.m Rate Rs. 8500/sq.m Add for (i) Special architectural design= 1.5% (ii) Water supply and Sanitary fittings = 10% (iii) Electric installations = 15% (iv) Miscellaneous = 5% (v) Contingencies and supervision = 8%

Solution: Total cost = Plinth area x Rate of cost

=2400 x 8500 Building Cost (i) = Rs. 20400000.00

Special architectural design= 1.5% of building cost = (1.5/100) x Rs. 20400000.00 = Rs. 306000.00 Water supply & Sanitary fittings = 10% of building cost = (10/100) x Rs. 20400000.00 =Rs.2040000.00 Electric Installations = 15% of building cost = (15/100) x Rs. 20400000.00 = Rs. 3060000.00

(ii) (iii)

(iv) (v)

Miscellaneous = 5% of building cost = (5/100) x Rs. 20400000.00 = Rs. 1020000.00 Contingencies and supervision = 8% of building cost

= (8/100) x Rs. 20400000.00 = Rs. 1632000.00

Grand Total

Rs. 28458008

2. The plan & sectional elevation of a building are given in fig fig. Estimate the quantities of the following items of work of building building. (a) First class brick work in C.M. 1:6 IN Super structure. (b) P.C.C. in foundation (c (c) Ceiling plastering.

Solution: Room Long Wall =0.15+3.5+0.3+4.2+0.15 = 8.3m Room Short Wall = 0.15+3.7+0.15 =4m Verandah front = 0.15+3.5+0.3+4.2+0.15 =8.3m Verandah Side = 0.15+1+0.15=1.3m Item No 1. Particulars of items First class brick work in C.M.1:6 superstructure Long wall Short wall Deductions: Door Windows Shelf Lintels Doors Windows Shelf P.C.C. in Foundation Long wall Short wall Cross Wall b/w the Rooms Verandah Front Verandah sides Ceiling Plastering No L (m) 8.6 3.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 B (m) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 D (m) 3.6 3.6 2.2 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 Total 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Total Total Quantity (m3) 18.58m3 11.99m3 1.58 m3 3.24 m3 0.54 m3 0.18 m3 0.58 m3 0.14 m3 24.31 m3 5.00 m3 1.68 m3 0.4 m3 0.7 m3 0.14 m3 7.92 m3 12.95m2 15.54m2 8 m2 36.49m2+ L=8.3+0.9=9.2m L=4-0.9=3.1m L= 4-0.6=3.4m L=8.3+0.4=8.7m L=1.3-0.4=0.9m Explanatory Note L=8.3+0.3=8.6m L =4-0.3=3.7m

2 2 2 8 2 2 8 2

2.

2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

9.2 3.1 3.4 8.7 0.9 3.5 4.2 8

0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 3.7 3.7 1

3.

3. Prepare a detailed estimate of a shop & calculate its cost with approved rates. Also find out plinth area rate of the shop details given below in fig . (i) Earthwork excavation in foundation (ii) Cement concrete in foundation (iii) I class brickwork in foundation & plinth. (iv) Damp proof course 4cm thick

Item No 1.

Particulars of items Earthwork excavation in foundation Long wall Short wall

No

L (m)

B (m)

D (m)

Quantity

Explanatory Note

2 2

6.2 3.4

0.9 0.9

0.9 0.9

10.04m3 5.5 m3 15.54m3

5.4+0.9= 6.2m 4.3-0.9= 3.4m

2.

Cement concrete in foundation Long wall Short wall 2 2 6.2 3.4 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.3 Total 3.35 m3 1.84 m3 5.19m3

3.

I class brickwork in foundation & plinth. Long wall 1st footing Plinth Short wall 1st footing Plinth

2 2 2 2

5.8 5.7 3.8 3.9

0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Total

1.74m3 1.37m3 1.14 m3 0.94 m3 5.19m3

5.3+0.5 5.3+0.4 4.3-0.5 4.3-0.4

4.

Damp proof Course 4cm thick Long wall Short wall Room area

2 2 1

5.7 3.9 5.0

0.4 0.4 4.0

Total

4.56m2 3.12 m2 20.0 m2 27.68m2

5.3+0.4 4.3-0.4

4. 1.The plan & sectional elevation of a building are given in fig. Estimate the quantities of the following items of work of building

(a) Earth work excavation in foundation foundation & plinth.

(b) Concrete in foundation

(c) Brick work in

Long wall = 0.15+4+0.3+6+0.15 =10.6m Short wall = 0.15+6+0.15= +0.15= 6.30m Item No 1. Particulars of items Earthwork excavation in foundation Long wall Short wall 2 3 11.7 5.2 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 25.74 11.44 37.18 m3 10.6+1.10 6.3-1.10 6.3 No L (m) B (m) D (m) Quantity (m3) Explanatory Note

2.

Cement concrete in foundation Long wall Short wall 2 3 11.7 5.2 1.10 1.10 0.3 0.3 Total 7.72 5.15 12.87 m3 10.6+1.10 6.3-1.10

3.

I class brickwork in foundation & plinth. Long wall 1st footing 2ndfooting 3rd footing 4th footing Plinth. Short wall 1st footing 2ndfooting 3rd footing 4th footing Plinth. 3 3 3 3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 Total 2.64 1.176 1.026 0.87 5.664 26.1m3 6.3-0.8 6.3-0.7 6.3-0.6 6.3-0.5 6.3-0.4 2 2 2 2 2 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.65 1.582 1.34 1.11 7.04 10.6+0.8 10.6+0.7 10.6+0.6 10.6+0.5 10.6+0.4

5. Explain the following items: (i) Revised estimate & supplementary estimate. (ii) Dismantling & demolition (iii) Layout plan & Index plan Revised estimate: When the original stationed estimate is exceeded or likely is exceed by more than 5%. When the original sanctioned estimate & expender on a work exceeds or likely to exceeds the amount of administrative sanction by more than 10%. When there are material deviation from the original proposal, even through the cost may be met from the sanctioned amount. Supplementary & revised estimate: When the work is partially abandoned and the estimate cost of the remaining work is less than 95% of the original work; that is vertical division and changes in the

design which may cause saving in the estimate the amount of original estimate is revised by the component authority. Dismantling & Demolition: The term dismantling implies carefully taking up or down and removing carefully without damage. The term demolition taking up or down or breaking up without care. The units and methods of measurements of dismantling or demolition shall be generally the same as those employed for the construction of the respective item of work, full description of work including necessary precaution require shall be stated. Layout plan and index plan: For a project consisting of a no. of buildings and structure a layout plan of the whole are prepared to a scale of 1 mm= 10 m to 1 cm= 20 m, with all proposed buildings, structures etc,. Showing their sizes position, location and also shower in the layout plan with their proper notations. For road projection irrigation water supply sanitary works project, major buildings project etc,. an index scale 1cm=0.5rm is prepared showing alignment with position of culverts with position of culverts, outlets of whole works so that, at a gain an idea of project may be formed. 6. Explain two methods of Estimating? Methods of Building Estimates: The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are to be taken out from the drawing- plan, elevaton and section. From the study of the drawings, the building is to be imagined and pictured in the mind and dimensions are to be taken out correctly There is no hard and fast rule for finding out dimensions from drawing but the dimensions are to be taken out accurately . Junctions of wall at the corners and at the meeting points of walls require special attention. For symmetrical foundation which is the usual case, earth work in excavation in foundation, foundation concrete, brick work in foundation and plinth, and brick work in superstructure may be estimated by either of the following two methods. (i) Separate or individual wall method (ii) Centerline method. (i) Separate or individual wall method:

In this method, measure or find out the external length of walls running in the longitudinal direction generally the long walls out-to out, and the internal lengths of walls running in the transverse direction in-to-in i.e. of cross or short walls in-to-in, and calculate quantities multiplying the length by the breadth and height of the wall. The same rule applies to the excavation in foundation, to concrete in foundation and to masonry. Care should be taken to note the difference in dimensions at different height due to offset, or footings. It is

convenient to imagine plans at different level of heights as foundation trench plan, foundation concrete plans of each footing, etc.and dealing each plan or part separately. The simple method is to take the long walls and short walls separately and to find out the centre to centre lengths of long walls and short walls from the plan. For symmetrical footing on either side, the center line remains same for superstructure and foundation and plinth. For long walls add to the center length one breadth of wall, which gives the length of the wall out-to-out, multiply this length by the breadth and the height and get the quantities. Thus for finding the quantities of earth work in excavation, for length of the trench out-to-out add to the center length one breadth of foundation. Adopt the same process for foundation concrete, and for each footing. Each footing is taken separately and the breadth of the particular footing is to be added to the center length. (Long wall length out out = center to center length + half breadth on one side + half breadth on the other side= center to center length + one breadth). In-to-in, and repeat the same process as for the long walls, subtract one breadth instead of adding. (Short wall length in to-in = Center to center length one breadth) That is, in case of long wall add one breadth and in case of short wall subtract one breadth from the center length to get the corresponding lengths. This method can be worked out in a quicker way. This method is simple and accurate and there is no chance of any mistake. This method may be named as Long wall and short wall method, or general method (ii) Center Line Method : In this method sum total length of walls, long and short, has to be found Out. Find the total length of center line of walls, of same type, long and short having same type of foundations and footings and then the quantities by multiplying the total centre length by the respective breadth and the height. In this method the length remain same for excavation in foundation. For all footings and for superstructure. This method is quick but requires special attention and consideration at the junctions, meeting points of partition or cross walls, etc.

For rectangular, circular polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal, etc.) buildings having no inter or cross walls, this method is quite simple. For buildings having cross walls or partition walls, for every junction of partition walls or cross walls with main walls, special consideration shall have to be made to find the correct quantity. For each junction half breadth of the respective item or footing is to be deducted from the total length. Thus in the case of a building with one partition wall or cross wall having two junctions, for earth work in foundation trench and foundation concrete deduct one breadth of trench or concrete from the total length ( half breadth for one junction and one breadth (2 x =one for two junctions). For footings, similarly deduct one breadth of footing for two junctions from the total center length and so on. If two

walls come from opposite directions and meet a wall at the same point, then there will be two junctions. For building having different types of walls, each set of walls shall have to deal separately. Find the total center length of all walls of one type and proceed in the same manner. Similarly find the total center length of walls of second type and deal this separately, and so on. In the case of a building having different of type of walls, suppose the outer (main) walls are of A type and inter cross walls are of B type, then all A type walls shall be taken jointly first, and then all B type walls shall be taken together separately . In such cases no deduction of any kind need be made for A type walls, but when B type walls are taken, for each junction deduction of half breadth of A type wall (main wall) shall have to be made from the total centre length of walls. It may be noted that at corners of the building where two walls are meeting no subtraction or addition is required. When there are number of footings, the length of the first footing is to determined by deducting half breadth of footing per junction from the total center length and then the length of the subsequent footing can be obtained simply by adding one offset of the footing.