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    Ship Stability Formule

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    Haziq Ismail
    This document summarizes various stability formulae used for ships, including formulae to calculate displacement, draft, trim, righting arms, metacentric heights, permeability, and other metrics. Some key formulae presented are: 1) Displacement (Δ) is calculated as Length x Breadth x Depth x Cb. 2) Draft is calculated as Δ/Area of waterplane. 3) Trim is calculated as the difference between the longitudinal center of buoyancy (LCB) and longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) divided by the ship's length. 4) Righting arm (GZ) is calculated as GM x sine of the angle of heel.

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    Ship Stability Formule

    Uploaded by

    Haziq Ismail
    250 views12 pages
    This document summarizes various stability formulae used for ships, including formulae to calculate displacement, draft, trim, righting arms, metacentric heights, permeability, and other metrics. Some key formulae presented are: 1) Displacement (Δ) is calculated as Length x Breadth x Depth x Cb. 2) Draft is calculated as Δ/Area of waterplane. 3) Trim is calculated as the difference between the longitudinal center of buoyancy (LCB) and longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) divided by the ship's length. 4) Righting arm (GZ) is calculated as GM x sine of the angle of heel.

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    Summary Of Formula's Involving Ship STability

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    This document summarizes various stability formulae used for ships, including formulae to calculate displacement, draft, trim, righting arms, metacentric heights, permeability, and other metrics. Some key formulae presented are: 1) Displacement (Δ) is calculated as Length x Breadth x Depth x Cb. 2) Draft is calculated as Δ/Area of waterplane. 3) Trim is calculated as the difference between the longitudinal center of buoyancy (LCB) and longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) divided by the ship's length. 4) Righting arm (GZ) is calculated as GM x sine of the angle of heel.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    250 views12 pages

    Ship Stability Formule

    Uploaded by

    Haziq Ismail
    This document summarizes various stability formulae used for ships, including formulae to calculate displacement, draft, trim, righting arms, metacentric heights, permeability, and other metrics. Some key formulae presented are: 1) Displacement (Δ) is calculated as Length x Breadth x Depth x Cb. 2) Draft is calculated as Δ/Area of waterplane. 3) Trim is calculated as the difference between the longitudinal center of buoyancy (LCB) and longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) divided by the ship's length. 4) Righting arm (GZ) is calculated as GM x sine of the angle of heel.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Appendix I

    Summary of stability formulae*


    Form coefficients
    Area of waterplane Area of amidships Volume of displacement Cb L B Cw B d Cm L B d Cb Cm C p

    Drafts
    When displacement is constant (for box shapes): Old density New draft Old draft New density When draft is constant: New density New displacement Old density Old displacement TPCSW FWA WPA 97.56 W 4 TPCSW FWA (1025 DW ) 25

    Change of draft or dock water allowance Homogeneous log:

    Relative density of log Draft Depth Relative density of water * See Note at end of the Appendix

    486

    Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

    Variable immersion hydrometer: Density My My Mx My x L

    Trim
    W GM L 100 L Trimming moment Change of trim or MCTC W (LCB foap LCG foap ) MCTC MCTC l Change of trim L Change of draft forward Change of trim Change of draft aft Change of draft aft Effect of trim on tank soundings: Head when full Trim Length of tank Length of ship True mean draft: Correction Trim FY Length To keep the draft aft constant: d To find GML: GM L L GG1 t MCTC L TPC l

    Simpsons rules
    1st rule: Area h/3 (a 4b 2c 4d e) or
    1 3

    CI 1

    Summary of stability formulae

    487

    2nd rule: Area 3h/8 (a 3b 3c 2d 3e 3f g) 3rd rule: Area h/12 (5a 8b c) or


    1 12

    or

    3 8

    CI 2

    CI 3

    KB and BM
    Transverse stability For rectangular waterplanes: LB 3 12 BM I/V I For box shapes: BM B 2/12d KB d/2 KM min B/ 6 For triangular prisms: BM B 2/6d KB 2d/3 Depth of centre of buoyancy 1 d V below the waterline 32 A Longitudinal stability For rectangular waterplanes: BL3 12 I BM L L V IL For box shapes: BM L L2 12d

    488

    Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

    For triangular prisms: BM L Transverse statical stability Moment of statical stability W GZ At small angles of heel: GZ GM sin By wall-sided formula: GZ (GM By Attwoods formula: GZ Stability curves: New GZ Old GZ GG1 sin heel or New GZ KN KG sin heel Dynamical stability W Area under stability curve v(gh g1 h1 ) W BG(1 cos ) V lo Total VHM SF W l40 lo 0.8 Actual HM Total VHM SF v hh1 BG sin V
    1 2

    L2 6d

    BM tan 2 ) sin

    Approx angle of heel

    Actual HM 12 Maximum permissible HM Approx angle of due to grain shift

    Reduction in GZ (GG H cos ) (GG V sin ) W ship displacement in tonnes GG H horiz movement of G GG V vert movement of G lo righting arm @ 0 (if upright ship) l40 righting arm @ 40 HM heeling moment SF stowage factor VHM volumetric heeling moment

    Summary of stability formulae

    489

    List
    Final KG GG1 Final moment Final displacement

    wd Final W GG1 tan list GM Increase in draft due to list:


    New draft b sin (d) cos . . . Rise of floor is zero put r in if rise of floor exists. (measured at full Br. Mld)
    1 2

    Inclining experiment: Length of plumbline GM GG1 Deflection

    Effect of free surface


    Virtual loss of GM Drydocking and grounding Upthrust at stern: P or P Old New displacement Virtual loss of GM or P KM W P KG WP MCTC t l lb3 1 2 12 W n

    Pressure of liquids
    Pressure (P) Dwg Thrust P Area Depth of centre of pressure I WL AZ

    490

    Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

    Bilging and permeability


    S 100 per cent SF v Increase in draft A a Permeability

    Strength of ships
    Stress Strain Youngs modulus: E Bending moment: M Section modulus Shearing stress: q Stress: f E y R Fy It E I R I Y Stress Strain Load Area Change in length y Original length R

    Freeboard marks
    Distance Summer LL to Winter LL
    1 48

    Summer draft

    Distance Summer LL to Tropical LL 418 Summer draft

    Ship squat
    Blockage factor max bT BH 2.08 C S 0.81 Vk b 20

    Summary of stability formulae

    491

    yo H T y 2 y o max As b T Ac B H In open water: max In confined channel:


    2 C b Vk 50 Width of influence 7.7 20 (1 C b)2 2 C b Vk 100

    max

    Miscellaneous Angle of loll:


    tan loll GM Heel due to turning: tan heel Rolling period: T 2 Zero GM: tan list Theorem of parallel axes: I CG I OZ Ay 2
    3

    2 GM BM T 2 initial GM cos loll

    v 2 BG g r GM

    k g GM

    2k GM

    approx

    2wd W BM

    492

    Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

    or I NA I xx Ay 2 Permeability () Permeability BS 100 per cent SF Increase in draft A a

    Permeability () Permeability () Solid factor Sinkage Tan 1 RD

    Volume available for water 100 Volume available for cargo SF of cargo solid factor 100 SF of cargo Effective length l

    Volume of bilged compartment Intact waterplane area

    BB H GM bilged

    Drafts and trim considerations Correction to observed drafts l1 Trim L1

    Midships draft corrected for deflection

    d FP (6 d m ) d AP 8

    Correction of midships draft Distance of LCF from midships Trim to true mean draft when LBP LCF is not at amidships Second trim correction for position of LCF, if trimmed hydrostatics are not supplied a (form correction) True trim (MCTC2 MCTC1 ) 2 TPC LBP Alternative form correction 50 (True trim )2 (MCTC2 MCTC1 ) LBP

    Summary of stability formulae

    493

    Note
    These formulae and symbols are for guidance only and other formulae which give equally valid results are acceptable. Mass Volume substance FW

    RD

    (L B d) Cb DWT light AW (L B) CW TPC AW 100 W TPC

    Sinkage/rise FWA DWA

    Summer 4 TPCSW (1025 dock ) FWA 25

    MSS GZ GZ GM sin
    2 GZ [GM 1 2 BM tan ]sin

    GZ KN (KG sin ) Dynamic stability Area under GZ curve Area under curve (SR1) Area under curve (SR2) lo Total VHM SF 1 h (y1 4y 2 y 3 ) 3 3 h (y1 3y 2 3y 3 y 4 ) 8

    l40 lo 0.8 Actual HM Total VHM SF

    494

    Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

    Approx angle of heel

    Actual HM 12 Max permissible HM

    Reduction in GZ (GGH cos ) (GGv sin ) Rolling period T (sec) 2K g GM or ws 2 or 2 K2 gGM T

    K2 seconds GM T

    GG H/V FSC

    i T l b3 T 12 FSM GG H GM

    FSC

    FSC

    tan

    KG

    Moments Weights Moments Weights

    GG H

    GM

    w s length deflection 2 GM BM T 2 initial GM cos

    tan angle of loll

    GM at angle of loll 2ws BM T

    tan

    Summary of stability formulae

    495

    Draft when heeled (Upright draft cos ) ( 1 beam sin ) 2 Position of the metacentre KM T KB BM T lT L B3 BM T ( box) 12 BM T Distance Summer LL to Winter LL 1 Summer draft 48 1 Summer draft 48 8

    Distance Summer LL to Tropical LL KM L KB BM L BM L IL L3 B 12

    BM L ( box)

    MCTC

    GM L 100 LBP

    CoT

    Trimming moment MCTC LCF LBP

    Change of trim aft Change of trim

    Change of trim fwd Change of trim

    LBP LCF LBP LCF trim Turn mean draft Draft aft LBP (LCG LCB) MCTC

    Trim

    Trim MCTC LCF

    P Reduction in TMD TPC Loss of GM P KM T or P KG P

    496

    Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

    tan

    v 2 BG g R GM Volume available for water 100 Volume available for cargo

    Permeability () 1 RD

    Solid factor

    Permeability ()

    SF of cargo solid factor 100 SF of cargo

    Effective length l Sinkage Volume of bilged compartment permea bility () Intact water plane area

    I parallel axis I centroidal axis As 2 Tan BB H GM bilged l1 Trim L1 d FP (6 d M ) d AP 8

    Correction to observed drafts

    Midships draft corrected for deflection

    Correction of midships draft to true mean dr raft when CF not midships Distance of CF from midships trim (true trim at perps) LBP Second trim correction for position of CF if f trimmed hydrostatics are not supplied (form correction) True trim (MCTC2 MCTC1 ) 2 TPC LBP Alternative form correction 50 true trim 2 (M MCTC2 MCTC1 ) LBP

    Summary
    Always write your formula first in letters. If you then make a mathematical error you will at least obtain some marks for a correct formula.

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