Armand Products Company

X.

Technical Data
PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE

Boiling Point of K2CO3 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 16

Chemical & Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1
Dissociation Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2
Electrical Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6
Equivalent Conductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6
Freezing Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5, Graph 4
Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 7
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 8
Index of Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9
Solubility in Water Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graph 4
Solubility in Organic Solvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 3
Specific Gravity as Function of Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5, Graph 5
at 60F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4
Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 10
Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 12
Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 11

Handbook

K2CO3

33

Armand Products Company

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL

PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE
Chemical Name:
Chemical Formula:
Molecular Weight:
Acid Equivalent:
Alkali Equivalent:
Electrical Conductivityof

Potassium Carbonate
K2CO3
138.20
1 lb. K2CO3 = 0.528 lb. HCI
100% K2CO3 = 68.16% K2O
Molten K2CO3
1.95 ohm1 cm1 at 1652F (900C)
2.12 ohm1 cm1 at 1742F (950C)
2.26 ohm1 cm1 at 1832F (1000C)

Dielectric Constant:
Heat of Fusion:
Heat of Formation:

4.96 at 18 and 166.6 Kcs/sec.

56.4 cal./g. or 101.5 BTU/lb.
1982 cal./g. at 25C
K2CO3
3568 BTU/lb. at 77F
K2CO3 0.5 H2O
1429 cal./g. at 25C
2572 BTU/lb. at 77C
K2CO3 1.5 H2O
1715 cal./g. at 25C
3087 BTU/lb. at 77F
Heat of Solution:
K2CO3
47.6 cal./g. (Evolved)
85.7 BTU/lb. (Evolved)
K2CO3 0.5 H2O
28.9 cal./g. (Evolved)
52.0 BTU/lb. (Evolved)
K2CO3 1.5 H2O
2.6 cal./g. (Absorbed)
4.7 BTU/lb. (Absorbed)
Infrared Absorption Band:
6.9 and 11.4
Melting Point:
1636F (891C)
pH of 47% K2CO3:
12.63
Specific Gravity:
2.428 at 66F (19C)
Specific Heat:
0.216 BTU/lb.-F over range 73-210F
0.216 cal./g.-C over range 2-99C
Solubility in Water:
at 68F
112 grams per 100 grams
at 212F
156 grams per 100 grams
Transitions:
Second order at 410C and 465C

34

K2CO3

TECHNICAL DATA

TABLE 1:

Handbook

TECHNICAL DATA

Armand Products Company

Handbook

TABLE 2:
DISSOCIATION PRESSURE OF
POTASSIUM CARBONATE IN
MILLIMETERS MERCURY
Reaction: K2CO3 K2O + CO2
Temperature (C)
900 . . . . . . .
950 . . . . . . .
970 . . . . . . .
1000 . . . . . . .
1100 . . . . . . .
1200 . . . . . . .
1300 . . . . . . .
1400 . . . . . . .

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D.P. (mm Hg)

.... 0
. . . . 1.2
. . . . 1.68
. . . . 2.1
. . . . 7.4
. . . . 10.3
. . . . 15.1
. . . . 35.6

TABLE 3:
SOLUBILITY OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE
IN SELECTED ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Solvent

Category

Solubility (ppm)
Anhydrous
K2CO3

Solution**

ND*
ND*
0.2
0.1
ND*
1.3
3.7
1.2
25
45
29
16,500
904
4.0
15,300

ND*
ND*
0.2
< 0.1
< 0.1
17
7.2
0.6
5.4
6.7
27
16,440
234
21
46,100

Kerosene
Carbon Tetrachloride
O-Dichlorobenzene
Trichloroethylene
Perchloroethylene
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Ethyl Acetate
Butyl Acetate
Methyl Cellosolve Acetate
Diethanolamine
Methanol
Ethanol
Isopropanol
Ethylene Glycol

Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Ketones
Ketones
Esters
Esters
Esters
Amine
Alcohols
Alcohols
Alcohols
Glycols

* ND = None Detected

** Solution: 25% H2O + 75% K2CO2 Dry Basis

K2CO3

35

Armand Products Company

TABLE 4:
DENSITY OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE SOLUTIONS AT 60F (15.6C)

36

Specific

Degrees

K2CO2

K2CO2

Total Weight

K2CO2

Total Weight

Grams

Pounds

of Solution

Pounds

of Solution

Gravity

Baume

Degrees

per

per

in Pounds

per

in Pounds

K2CO3

K2O

60/60F

Am. Std.

Twaddell

Liter

Gallon

per Gallon

Cu. Ft.

per Cu. Ft.

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

0.0
0.68
1.36
2.04
2.73
3.41
4.09
4.77
5.45
6.13
6.82
7.50
8.18
8.86
9.54
10.22
10.91
11.59
12.27
12.95
13.63
14.31
15.00
15.68
16.36
17.04
17.72
18.40
19.08
19.77
20.45
21.13
21.81
22.49
23.17
23.86
24.54
25.22
25.90
26.58
27.26
27.95
28.63
29.31
29.99
30.67
31.35
32.04
32.72
33.40
34.08
34.76
35.44

0.999
1.001
1.011
1.021
1.031
1.041
1.051
1.060
1.070
1.080
1.090
1.100
1.110
1.120
1.129
1.138
1.148
1.158
1.168
1.178
1.188
1.199
1.209
1.219
1.230
1.240
1.251
1.262
1.273
1.284
1.295
1.306
1.317
1.328
1.340
1.351
1.362
1.374
1.386
1.398
1.410
1.422
1.434
1.446
1.459
1.471
1.483
1.496
1.509
1.522
1.535
1.549
1.562

0.15
1.58
2.99
4.36
5.72
7.04
8.21
9.49
10.74
11.97
13.18
14.37
15.54
16.57
17.59
18.70
19.79
20.86
21.92
22.95
24.07
25.07
26.06
27.11
28.06
29.10
30.11
31.10
32.08
33.04
33.98
34.91
35.82
36.79
37.68
38.54
39.47
40.39
41.29
42.16
43.04
43.89
44.73
45.62
46.43
47.23
48.08
48.91
49.74
50.54
51.40
52.18

0.2
2.2
4.2
6.2
8.2
10.2
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
25.8
27.8
29.6
31.6
33.6
35.6
37.6
39.8
41.8
43.8
46.0
48.0
50.2
52.4
54.6
56.8
59.0
61.2
63.4
65.6
68.0
70.2
72.4
74.8
77.2
79.6
82.0
84.4
86.8
89.2
91.8
94.2
96.6
99.2
101.8
104.4
107.0
109.8
112.4

0.0
10.0
20.6
30.6
41.2
52.0
63.0
74.2
85.6
97.2
109.0
121.0
133.5
145.6
158.1
170.8
183.7
196.9
210.2
223.8
237.6
251.8
266.0
280.4
295.1
310.0
325.2
340.7
356.4
372.3
388.5
404.9
421.4
438.2
455.6
472.8
490.3
508.3
526.6
545.2
563.9
583.0
602.2
621.8
641.9
661.9
682.2
703.0
724.3
745.7
767.5
790.0
812.2

0.0
0.084
0.167
0.256
0.344
0.434
0.526
0.619
0.714
0.811
0.910
1.010
1.112
1.215
1.319
1.425
1.533
1.643
1.754
1.868
1.983
2.101
2.220
2.340
2.463
2.587
2.714
2.843
2.974
3.107
3.242
3.379
3.517
3.657
3.802
3.946
4.092
4.242
4.395
4.550
4.706
4.865
5.026
5.189
5.357
5.524
5.693
5.867
6.045
6.223
6.405
6.592
6.778

8.328
8.353
8.437
8.520
8.604
8.687
8.771
8.846
8.929
9.013
9.096
9.180
9.263
9.346
9.422
9.497
9.580
9.664
9.747
9.830
9.914
10.006
10.089
10.173
10.264
10.348
10.440
10.531
10.623
10.715
10.807
10.899
10.990
11.082
11.182
11.274
11.366
11.466
11.566
11.666
11.766
11.867
11.967
12.067
12.175
12.275
12.376
12.484
12.593
12.701
12.810
12.926
13.035

0.0
0.62
1.26
1.91
2.57
3.25
3.94
4.63
5.34
6.07
6.81
7.55
8.32
9.09
9.87
10.66
11.47
12.29
13.13
13.97
14.83
15.72
16.61
17.50
18.43
19.35
20.31
21.27
22.25
23.25
24.26
25.27
26.31
27.36
28.44
29.52
30.61
31.74
32.88
34.04
35.21
36.40
37.60
38.82
40.08
41.32
42.59
43.90
45.22
46.56
47.92
49.32
50.71

62.30
62.49
63.12
63.74
64.37
64.99
65.61
66.18
66.80
67.42
68.05
68.67
69.30
69.62
70.48
71.05
71.67
72.29
72.92
73.54
74.17
74.85
75.48
76.10
76.79
77.41
78.10
78.79
79.47
80.16
80.85
81.53
82.22
82.91
83.66
84.34
85.03
85.78
86.53
87.28
88.03
88.78
89.52
90.27
91.09
91.83
92.58
93.40
94.21
95.02
95.83
96.70
97.52

K2CO3

Handbook

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA

TABLE 5:
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE
SOLUTIONS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE (F)
Conc.*

F.P.**

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0
5
10
15
20
25

32
29
25
21
12
3

1.252

1.146
1.199
1.251

1.057
1.096
1.145
1.197
1.248

0.9999
1.046
1.094
1.143
1.194
1.245

0.9997
1.044
1.092
1.141
1.192
1.244

0.9990
1.042
1.090
1.139
1.190
1.242

0.9980
1.040
1.088
1.137
1.188
1.240

0.9966
1.038
1.086
1.135
1.185
1.237

0.9950
1.035
1.083
1.132
1.182
1.234

0.9931
1.033
1.081
1.130
1.179
1.231

30
35
40
45
47
50

-3
-16
-34.6
-1
8
18

1.308
1.366
1.423
1.486
1.511

1.306
1.363
1.422
1.484
1.509
1.547

1.303
1.360
1.419
1.481
1.506
1.545

1.301
1.358
1.416
1.479
1.503
1.542

1.298
1.355
1.414
1.476
1.500
1.540

1.296
1.352
1.411
1.473
1.498
1.537

1.293
1.350
1.408
1.470
1.495
1.534

1.290
1.347
1.405
1.467
1.492
1.531

1.287
1.344
1.402
1.463
1.489
1.528

1.284
1.341
1.399
1.460
1.486
1.525

Conc.*

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

0
5
10
15
20
25

0.9910
1.031
1.079
1.127
1.176
1.228

0.9986
1.028
1.076
1.124
1.173
1.225

0.9860
1.025
1.073
1.121
1.170
1.222

0.9832
1.022
1.070
1.118
1.167
1.219

0.9803
1.019
1.067
1.115
1.163
1.215

0.9771
1.016
1.064
1.112
1.160
1.212

0.9739
1.013
1.061
1.109
1.157
1.209

0.9704
1.010
1.058
1.105
1.153
1.205

0.9669
1.006
1.054
1.101
1.149
1.201

0.9631
1.002
1.050
1.097
1.145
1.197

0.9591
0.998
1.046
1.093
1.143
1.195

30
35
40
45
47
50
55

1.281
1.338
1.396
1.457
1.482
1.522

1.278
1.335
1.393
1.454
1.478
1.518
1.583

1.276
1.332
1.390
1.451
1.476
1.515
1.580

1.273
1.329
1.387
1.448
1.473
1.511
1.577

1.270
1.325
1.384
1.445
1.470
1.507
1.573

1.267
1.322
1.381
1.442
1.467
1.504
1.570

1.264
1.319
1.378
1.439
1.464
1.501
1.567

1.260
1.316
1.375
1.435
1.460
1.497
1.563

1.256
1.312
1.371
1.431
1.456
1.493
1.559

1.252
1.308
1.367
1.427
1.452
1.487
1.555

1.248
1.304
1.363
1.423
1.448
1.483
1.550

* Conc. = Concentration (% K2CO3)

** F.P. = Freezing point (F)

TABLE 6:
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AQUEOUS K2CO3 SOLUTIONS AT 15C
K2CO3 (wt. %)

5
10
20
30
40
50

Handbook

Conductance

Equivalent

(mho/cm x 104)

Conductance

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1806
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2222
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2168
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469

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K2CO3

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74.2
65.7
52.4
39.4
26.5
13.2

37

Armand Products Company

TABLE 9:

HEAT CAPACITY OF POTASSIUM

CARBONATE SOLUTIONS

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND MOLAR

REFRACTION OF POTASSIUM
CARBONATE SOLUTIONS

K2CO3 (wt. %)
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45

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Cp*
(cal./g.-C)
. . . 0.94
. . . 0.89
. . . 0.84
. . . 0.80
. . . 0.75
. . . 0.72
. . . 0.68
. . . 0.66
. . . 0.63

ND25

K2CO3
(wt. %)
0
5
10
15
20

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RD*

1.3325
1.3415
1.3514
1.3624
1.3751

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8.349
8.357
8.362
8.370
8.381

* Measured at Sodium D Wavelength

(5893A)

* Good over range from 21-52C

TABLE 8:

TABLE 10:

pH OF DILUTE POTASSIUM
CARBONATE SOLUTIONS

SURFACE TENSION OF POTASSIUM

CARBONATE SOLUTIONS AT 20C

Commercial
K2CO3 (wt. %)

K2CO3 (wt. %)

0.01
0.05
0.10
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
10.00

38

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pH at 22C

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.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

10.48
10.91
11.08
11.25
11.37
11.43
11.49
11.58
11.63
11.68
11.75

0
10
20
30
35
40
45
50

K2CO3

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Dynes/cm
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
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.

.
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.
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.
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.

.
.
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.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
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.
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.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
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.
.
.
.

TECHNICAL DATA

TABLE 7:

. 72.0
. 75.1
. 78.6
. 83.8
. 87.3
. 91.4
. 96.6
. 103.8

Handbook

TECHNICAL DATA

Armand Products Company

TABLE 11:
VISCOSITY OF POTASSIUM
CARBONATE SOLUTIONS AT 20C
K2CO3 (wt. %)

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
47
50

Viscosity
(centipoise)*

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5

* Viscosities determined by
Brookfield Method.

TABLE 12:
VAPOR PRESSURE, WATER AT 20.5C
K2CO3 (wt. %)

0
19.6
46.2
54.7

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

Water Vapor
Pressure*
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

. 18.1
. 16.8
. 11.8
. 8.6

* Pressure measured in millimeters

of mercury, water at 20.5C.

Handbook

K2CO3

39

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA
Graph 1. Dilution of 47% Aqueous PotCarb at 60F
Example: To make 1 gallon of solution containing 2.0
lbs. of K2CO3 per gallon, add 0.34 gallon of
47% solution to 0.68 gallon of water
1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

Volume of Water (gal. at 60 F)

0.8

0.8

0.34
0.68
0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

Volume of 47% K2CO3 (gal. at 60 F)

Gallons of water added

per gallon of final solution

0.2
Gallons of 47% Potassium
Carbonate per gallon of
final solution

0
0

DILUTE SOLUTION (lb./gal. K2CO3)

40

K2CO3

Handbook

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA
Graph 2. Detemining Dilution Volumes

VOLUME OF STRONG LIQUOR USED (gal.)

0

20

40

60

80

6.0

WEAK LIQUOR (lb. K2CO3 per gal.)

100
7.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

C
2.0

STR ONG LIQUOR (lb. K 2CO3 per gal.)

7.0

2.0

A
1.0

1.0

0
100

80

60

40

20

VOLUME (gal.) OF WATER OR WEAK LIQUOR ADDED TO

MAKE 100 GALLONS OF DILUTED SOLUTION

Handbook

K2CO3

41

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA
Graph 3. Gross Weight of Aqueous Solutions at 60F

1.60

120

1.55

110

1.50

100

1.45

90

1.40

80

55

50

45

40
1.35

70

1.20

1.15

60

50

40

30

DEGREES BAUME

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

1.25

DEGREES TWADDELL

35
1.30

30

25

20

15
1.10

20
10

1.05

10
5

1.00

0
7

10

11

12

13

14

GROSS WEIGHT (lb/gal. at 60F)

42

K2CO3

Handbook

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA
Graph 4. Solubility and Temperature Correlations

160

140

120

100

K2CO3 1.5H 20
+
SOLUTION

TEMPERATURE (F)

UNSATURATED
SOLUTION
80

60

40

20

K2CO3 5H 20
+
SOLUTION

ICE + SOLUTION
-20
ICE + K2CO3 5H 20
-40
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

%K2CO3 (Aqueous Solution)

Handbook

K2CO3

43

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA
Graph 5. Solution Density at Various Temperatures

55

140

1.70

120

1.60

55%

50

50%
1.50

100

47%
45%

35

30

80

60

40%

1.40
SPECIFIC GRAVITY

40

DEGREES TWADDELL

DEGREES BAUME

45

35%
1.30

30%

25%
25

40

1.20
20%

20
15%
15
20

1.10

10%

10

5%

5
0

1.00

-20

0.90

0%

10

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

190

210

TEMPERATURE, F

44

K2CO3

Handbook

Armand Products Company

TECHNICAL DATA
Graph 6. Boiling Points at 760 mm Hg

280

270

TEMPERA TURE (F)

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

%K2CO3 (Aqueous Solution)

Handbook

K2CO3

45

Armand Products Company

References
1. A comprehensive Treatise on
Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, Mellor, J.W., Vol. II
(New Impression 1961), John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
NY.
2. Mellors Comprehensive Treatise
on Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, Briscoe, H.V.A.,
Eldridge, A.A., Dyson, G.M. and
Welsh, H.J.E., Vol. II,
Supplement III, 1963, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
NY.
3. International Critical Tables,
West C.J. - National Research
Council (1933), McGraw-Hill
Book Company, Inc., New York,
NY.
4. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, Mark,
H.F., McKetta, J.J. Jr., and
Othmer, D.F., Vol. 16, 1968 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York, NY.
5. Contribution to the Study of
Binary and Ternary Systems,
Carbonnel, L.; Scientifiques,
Algiers Universite. Seriebolger
Science Physiques, Vol. 7 (1-2) pps. 20-35 (1961).
6. Heats of Fusion of Inorganic
Compounds, Kelly, K.K., U.S.
Bur. Mines Bulletin 393 (1936).
7. Solubilities of Inorganic and
Metal Organic Compounds,
Seidell, A., 4th Ed., (1965) American Chemical Society,
Washington, D.C.
8. Technical Project Reports,
Technical Service, Diamond
Shamrock Chemicals Company,
Painesville, OH.
46

K2CO3

Handbook