Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 195 views

    Chapter 24 - The Child With Cancer

    Uploaded by

    UnclePorkchop
    The document discusses several types of cancer that can occur in children including leukemia, brain tumors, malignant lymphomas, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and retinoblastoma. It describes signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, and general treatment approaches for each which typically involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and stem cell transplantation. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, supporting the child through treatment, and providing education.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 24 - The Child With Cancer

    Uploaded by

    UnclePorkchop
    195 views4 pages
    The document discusses several types of cancer that can occur in children including leukemia, brain tumors, malignant lymphomas, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and retinoblastoma. It describes signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, and general treatment approaches for each which typically involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and stem cell transplantation. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, supporting the child through treatment, and providing education.

    Original Description:

    James Chapter 24 outline

    Original Title

    Chapter 24 - The Child with Cancer.doc

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses several types of cancer that can occur in children including leukemia, brain tumors, malignant lymphomas, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and retinoblastoma. It describes signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, and general treatment approaches for each which typically involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and stem cell transplantation. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, supporting the child through treatment, and providing education.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    195 views4 pages

    Chapter 24 - The Child With Cancer

    Uploaded by

    UnclePorkchop
    The document discusses several types of cancer that can occur in children including leukemia, brain tumors, malignant lymphomas, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and retinoblastoma. It describes signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, and general treatment approaches for each which typically involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and stem cell transplantation. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, supporting the child through treatment, and providing education.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    The Child with Cancer James Chapter 24 Signs of Cancer in Children Symptoms resemble those seen in common illnesses

    es o Bone pain, headache, fatigue, malaise o Persistent lymphadenopathy Overt signs o Mass o Purpura, pallor, whitish reflex in eye

    Change in gait, balance, or personality Early morning vomiting, weight loss !ecurrent or persistent fever

    o o

    Management "in general# Chemotherapy !adiation $herapy o !E%&E' common side effects of chemo and radiation ( Box )* + Surgery ,ematopoietic Stem Cell $ransplantation o -llogeneic ( matched related or unrelated donor o -utologous ( bone marrow, peripheral, or umbilical cord blood Steroid $herapy Biological -gents Complementary and -lternative Medical "C-M# $herapies Leukemia Proliferation of immature 'BCs in bone marrow Crowd out normal cells .ecreased !BCs / anemia "wea0ness, pallor# .ecreased lymphocytes / immunosuppression "infection, fever# .ecreased platelets / bleeding, 1 clotting "petechiae, bruising, purpura, epistaxis# &nfiltrate other sites Mostly brain, testicles -lso lymph nodes, liver, spleen, 2oints Most common cancer in children 3 +4 Pea0 incidence of -55 ( ) 4 year olds .iagnosis Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy Manifestations 6ever Pallor Excessive bruising Bone or 2oint pain ,istory, physical manifestations 5ymphadenopathy Malaise ,epatosplenomegaly 5abs ( high or low 'BC, low ,7,, low plt

    $reatment ( chemo &nduction ( goal is to induce remission "1 immature blast cells in bone marrow to 348# 'BCs release uric acid when exposed to chemo9 uric acid "poor water solubility# can compromise 0idney function "tumor lysis syndrome# $reat with allopurinol and &% fluids with sodium bicarbonate or parenteral urate oxidase prior to chemo Consolidation &ntrathecal chemo prophylactically to prevent relapse in C:S !adiation if testes are involved Maintenance ;irls treated for ) more years Boys treated for < more years :ursing considerations Explain tests=procedures to child !elieve pain Prevent infection Provide ade>uate nutrition Monitor for bleeding -dhere to chemo precautions Manage side effects Provide emotional support

    !eview :ursing Care Plan ( ?ames pgs @AB @++ :ursing diagnoses Expected outcomes &nterventions -:. rationales Brain Tumors .efined by tissue of origin, location, rate of growth +C brain tumors confined to brain=spinal cord Clinical symptoms depend on siDe and location than on aggressiveness of tumor M!& most commonly used diagnostic tool Children 3@ usually need sedation ,allmar0 symptoms ,=- and morning vomiting Other symptoms -taxia "unsteady gait#, poor coordination %isual changes $orticollis Symptoms associated with E &CP o ,=-, vomiting, lethargy o &rritability, poor feeding, bulging fontanel Management Surgery Chemo 7 radiation o !adiation avoided in children 3 < b=c of toxic effect on the developing brain :ursing Care Controlling acute symptoms Pre and post op care

    Malignant Lymphomas :eoplasms of lymphoid cells "a component of the immune system# ) main typesF :on ,odg0inGs lymphoma ,odg0inGs lymphoma Non- odgkin!s Lymphoma !apid onset, widespread involvement Children with immune system disturbances at greater ris0 .iagnosis Exam ( enlarged lymph nodes, hepato splenomegaly, Chest x ray ( mediastinal disease C$ scan ( chest, abdomen, pelvis $reatment Chemo -t high ris0 for tumor lysis syndrome Symptoms -bdominal disease o Cramping, constipation, obstruction, pain o -norexia, weight loss o %omiting is a late sign 5ymph nodes odgkin!s "isease ",odg0inGs 5ymphoma# More common in the adolescent 7 young adult CauseH Possibly infectiousI :eoplasm originates in lymphoid system MetastasiDes to spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs More localiDed than non ,odg0inGs lymphoma .x C$ scan Biopsy of an involved lymph node $reatment Chemo 7 radiation Manifestations Painless enlargement of lymph nodes "cervical# Cough, abdominal pain "r=t metastasis# Systemic problems o :ights sweats o 6ever o 'eight loss Neuro#lastoma 6ound exclusively in infants and children Jsually seen in children 3 ) KSilentL tumor ( metastasis present at time of dx Primary site ( abdomen "flan0 area# .x C$ scan Bone marrow aspiration=biopsy $reatment Chemo, radiation Clinical signs -bdominal mass with protuberant, firm abdomen Jrinary retention, fre>uency 5ymphadenopathy ;eneraliDed wea0ness, malaise &mpaired !OM 7 mobility, pain 7 limping

    Painless enlarged cervical or axillary nodes

    Mediastinal disease o Cough, respiratory distress, bronchitis type symptoms o $racheal deviation

    $steosarcoma Most common primary bone malignancy in children &ncidence pea0s in teenage years during rapid bone growth Manifestations Progressive, intermittent pain Palpable mass 5imping, limited !OM Pathologic fractures at tumor site .xF C$=M!&, s0eletal scintigraphy $xF surgery and chemo - pediatric nurse specialist is providing a teaching session to the nursing staff regarding osteosarcomaM 'hich of the following would not be a component of the information provided during this sessionH -M $he symptoms of the disease in the early stage are almost always attributed to normal growing painsM BM $he femur is the most common site of this sarcomaM CM 5imping, if a weight bearing limb is affected, is a clinical manifestationM .M $he child does not experience pain at the primary tumor siteM %ilms! Tumor &Nephro#lastoma' Most common renal cancer in chilren Swelling, mass in abdomen $umor is encapsulated o :o biopsy or palpation ( could KseedL tumor .xF C$ scan, M!&, labs $reatment :ephrectomy=adrenalectomy Chemo 7 radiation $ther Tumors EwingGs Sarcoma Bone tumor Pain, soft tissue swelling, fever (ha#domyosarcoma Muscle tumor ( head, nec0, eye orbit most common Mass may be mista0en for a traumatic hematoma (etino#lastoma $umor of eye found only in children

    You might also like