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    Temazepam

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    Cris Tan
    Temazepam is a benzodiazepine available in tablets, oral solution, and injectable forms for the short-term treatment of anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, and seizures. It works by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue. Nurses must monitor patients for respiratory depression and changes in vital signs during administration due to the risk of sedation and hypotension.

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    Temazepam

    Uploaded by

    Cris Tan
    392 views1 page
    Temazepam is a benzodiazepine available in tablets, oral solution, and injectable forms for the short-term treatment of anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, and seizures. It works by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue. Nurses must monitor patients for respiratory depression and changes in vital signs during administration due to the risk of sedation and hypotension.

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    Temazepam is a benzodiazepine available in tablets, oral solution, and injectable forms for the short-term treatment of anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, and seizures. It works by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue. Nurses must monitor patients for respiratory depression and changes in vital signs during administration due to the risk of sedation and hypotension.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    392 views1 page

    Temazepam

    Uploaded by

    Cris Tan
    Temazepam is a benzodiazepine available in tablets, oral solution, and injectable forms for the short-term treatment of anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, and seizures. It works by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue. Nurses must monitor patients for respiratory depression and changes in vital signs during administration due to the risk of sedation and hypotension.

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    Drug Data

    Generic Name Temazepam Trade Name Nortem Minimum Dose 2mg/day Maximum Dose 60mg/day Contents Temazepam Availability and color - Tablets-2, 5, 10 mg - Oral solution1mg/mL, 5mg/mL - Rectal pediatric gel- 2.5, 5, 10mg - Injection5mg/mL Routes of administration Oral Intramuscular Intravenous Rectal

    Classification
    Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine Therapeutic Class Antiepileptic, Anxiolytic, Skeletal muscle relaxant Pregnancy Risk Factor D

    Mechanism of Action
    It increases neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions by binding to stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron within the CNS and enhancing the GABA inhibitory effects resulting in hyperpolarisation and stabilization. Pharmacokinetics A: Readily and completely absorbed from the GI tract, peak plasma concentrations after 30-90 min (oral). Rapidly absorbed, peak plasma concentrations after 10-30 min (rectal). D: Readily crosses the blood-brain barrier; redistributed into fat depots and tissues. Protein-binding: 98-99%. M: Extensively hepatic; converted to desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. E: Urine (as free or conjugated metabolites) Drug Half Life 20-80 hr

    Indication
    General Indications - Short-term management of anxiety - Insomnia associated with anxiety - Sleepwalking - Night terrors - Premedication before anaesthesia - Adjunct in the management of seizures - Muscle spasms - Acute symptoms of alcohol withdrawal - Premedication before anaesthesia

    Contraindications
    Concentrations - Hypersensitivity - Preexisting CNS depression or coma - Respiratory depression - Acute pulmonary insufficiency or sleep apnea - Severe hepatic impairment - Acute narrow angle glaucoma - Children < 6 mth - Pregnancy and lactation. Precaution - Impaired renal and hepatic function - Chronic pulmonary insufficiency - Organic cerebral changes; elderly - History of alcohol or drug addiction. Drug interaction Drug to drug - Increased CNS depression with alcohol, omeperazole - Increased pharmacologic effects of diazepam if combined with cimetidine, disulfiram, hormonal contraceptives - Decreased effects of diazepam with theophyllines, ranitidine Drug to food - none reported

    Adverse Reaction
    CNS: Transient, mild drowsiness initially; sedation, depression, lethargy, apathy, fatigue, disorientation, restlessness, confusion, delirium, headache, slurred speech, dysarthria, stupor, rigidity, tremor, mild paradoxical excitatory reactions, extrapyramidal symptoms, visual and auditory disturbances CV: Bradycardia, tachycardia, CV collapse, hypertension and hypotension, edema Dependence: Drug dependence with withdrawal syndrome Dermatologic: Urticaria, pruritus, skin rash, dermatitis GI: Constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, salivation, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, difficulty in swallowing, elevation in blood enzymes, hepatic impairment GU: Incontinence, urinary retention, changes in libido, menstrual irregularities Hematologic: Decreased Hct, blood dyscrasias Other: Phlebitis, thrombosis, hiccups, fever, diaphoresis, paresthesias, muscular disturbances, gynecomastia, pain, burning, redness after IM injection

    Nursing Responsibilities
    Before - Discuss risk of fetal abnormalities with patients desiring to become pregnant. - Instruct about side effects of drug: Drowsiness, dizziness, GI upset, dreams, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, nervousness, crying. - Assess for hypersensitivity. - Reduce dose of opioid analgesics with IV diazepam; dose should be reduced by at least one-third or eliminated. - Instruct not to stop taking the drug without consulting the health care provider. - Observe the 15 rights of drug administration. During - Do not administer intrarterially; may produce arteriospasm, gangrene. - Carefully monitor P. BP, respiration during IV administration. - Change from IV therapy to oral therapy as soon as possible. - Do not use small veins for IV injection. - Instruct to take drug exactly as prescribed. After - Maintain patients receiving parenteral benzodiazepines in bed for 3 hours. - Do not permit ambulatory patients to operate a vehicle following an injection. - Instruct patient to report adverse reactions. - Monitor EEG in patients treated for status epilepticus, seizures may recur after initial control. - Monitor liver and renal function, CBC during long term therapy. - Taper dosage gradually after long-term therapy. - Document that drug has been given.

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