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    Chemistrys 2

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    jqatinder pal singh
    This document outlines the curriculum for a chemistry class covering 14 units of topics in semester 2. The units cover states of matter; thermodynamics; chemical equilibrium; redox reactions; p-block elements including boron, carbon, silicon and their compounds; hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes and alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene; and environment chemistry including different forms of pollution and green chemistry approaches. Key concepts covered include gas laws, phase transitions, entropy, Gibbs free energy, redox reactions, oxidation states, carbon allotropes, isomerism, addition reactions, electrophilic substitution, and atmospheric pollutants.

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    Chemistrys 2

    Uploaded by

    jqatinder pal singh
    85 views2 pages
    This document outlines the curriculum for a chemistry class covering 14 units of topics in semester 2. The units cover states of matter; thermodynamics; chemical equilibrium; redox reactions; p-block elements including boron, carbon, silicon and their compounds; hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes and alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene; and environment chemistry including different forms of pollution and green chemistry approaches. Key concepts covered include gas laws, phase transitions, entropy, Gibbs free energy, redox reactions, oxidation states, carbon allotropes, isomerism, addition reactions, electrophilic substitution, and atmospheric pollutants.

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    This document outlines the curriculum for a chemistry class covering 14 units of topics in semester 2. The units cover states of matter; thermodynamics; chemical equilibrium; redox reactions; p-block elements including boron, carbon, silicon and their compounds; hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes and alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene; and environment chemistry including different forms of pollution and green chemistry approaches. Key concepts covered include gas laws, phase transitions, entropy, Gibbs free energy, redox reactions, oxidation states, carbon allotropes, isomerism, addition reactions, electrophilic substitution, and atmospheric pollutants.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views2 pages

    Chemistrys 2

    Uploaded by

    jqatinder pal singh
    This document outlines the curriculum for a chemistry class covering 14 units of topics in semester 2. The units cover states of matter; thermodynamics; chemical equilibrium; redox reactions; p-block elements including boron, carbon, silicon and their compounds; hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes and alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene; and environment chemistry including different forms of pollution and green chemistry approaches. Key concepts covered include gas laws, phase transitions, entropy, Gibbs free energy, redox reactions, oxidation states, carbon allotropes, isomerism, addition reactions, electrophilic substitution, and atmospheric pollutants.

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    of 2

    CHEMISTRY

    CLASS-XI
    SEMESTER-II
    Unit-I: States of Matter: gases and liquids
    Three states of matter, Intermolecular interactions, type of bonding, melting and
    boiling points, Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule,
    Boyle’s law Charles law, Gay Lussae’s Avogadro’s law, Ideal behaviour,
    empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro’s number. Ideal gas equation.
    Derivation from ideal behaviour liquifaction of gases, critical temperature.

    Liquid State-Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only
    not mathematical derivations).

    Unit-II: Thermodynamics
    Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings, Work, heat, energy,
    extensive and intensive properties, state functions.
    First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and
    specific heat, measurement of ∆ U and ∆H, Hess’s law of constant heat
    summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,
    sublimation, Phase transition, ionization and dilution.
    Introduction of entropy as a state function, free energy change for spontaneous
    and non-spontaneous process, equilibrium.

    Unit-III: Equilibrium
    Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium,
    law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factor affecting equilibrium, Le
    Chateller’s principle: ionic equillibrium-ionization of acids and bases, strong and
    weak electrolytes, degree of ionisation, concept of pH. Hydrolysis of salts
    (elementary idea), Buffer solutions, solubility product common ion effect (with
    illustrative examples).

    Unit-IV: Redox Reactions


    Concept of oxidation and reduction redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing
    redox reactions, applications of redox reactions.

    Unit-V: Some p-Block Elements


    General Introduction to p-Block Elements
    Group 13 elements; General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,
    Variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous
    properties of first element of the group; Boron-physical chemical properties, some
    important compounds; borax, boric acids, boron hydrides, Aluminium: uses,
    reactions with acids and alkalies.
    Group 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,
    variationof properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous
    behaviour of first elements, Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and
    chemical properties uses of some important compound oxides.
    Important compounds of silicon and a few uses; silicon tetrachloride, silicones
    silicates and zeoliles.

    Unit-V: Hydrocarbons
    Classification of hydrocarbons
    Alkanes-Nomenclature; isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical
    properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism or halogenation,
    combustion and pyrolysis.
    Alkenes. Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethane) geometrical isomerism,
    physical properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions; addition of
    hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide
    effect). Ozonolysis. Oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
    Alkynes-Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties;
    Methods of preparations, chemical reactions; acidic character of alkynes, addition
    reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
    Aromatic hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene: resonance
    aromaticity; chemical properties; mechanism of elctrophilic substitution-nitration
    sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel craft’s alkylation and acylation; directive
    influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and
    toxicity.

    Unit-XIV: Environment Chemistry


    Environment pollution-air and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere,
    smog, major atmospheric pollutants: acid rain, ozone and its reactions effects of
    depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming-pollution due to
    industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool of reducing pollution,
    strategy for control of environmental pollution.

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