Adjectivul

3.1. Forma adjectivului Adjectivele sunt invariabile. Ele nu si schimba forma n functie de gen sau numar. Ex.: A hot potato, some hot potatoes. Pentru a sublinia sau accentua sensul unui adjectiv se pot folosi very, really: Ex.: A very hot potato, some really hot potatoes. 3.2. Pozitia adjectivului

De obicei adjectivul se aseaza n fata substantivului determinat: Ex.: A good movie. Dupa verbe auxiliare ca to be, to become, to seem, to look, to taste, to appear, to feel, to keep, to make, to smell, to sound, to turn, etc: Ex.: The movie is good. You seem upset. This cheese tastes different. Dupa substantiv n expresii fixe: Ex.: the Princess Royal, the President elect, the court martial Cteva adjective, ca de exemplu chief, main, poor (=unfortunate) stau numai n fata substantivului determinat: Ex.: This is the main purpose of the meeting. That poor woman was living in a garage. Altele pot sta numai dupa un verb auxiliar: asleep, upset, awake, afraid, alike, alive, alone, annoyed, ill, well, sorry Ex.: He's asleep. I'm alone. Unele adjective si schimba sensul n functie de pozitia pe care o ocupa. Adjectivele involved, present, concerned au sens diferit daca sunt plasate n fata substantivului sau dupa acesta. Ex.: These are the people involved / concerned. (the people who have something to do with the matter) They had an involved discussion on the matter. (detailed, complex) I am a concerned mother. (worried, anxious) The list of the students present is outside, on the door. (students who were there) The present status of the matter requires urgent attention. (current)

3.3. Functiile adjectivului Adjectivul ne spune mai multe despre calitatile substantivul determinat. Adjectivele pot exprima:

Sentimente sau calitati:

Ex.: They make an original couple. She is a single mother. Nationalitatea sau originea: Ex.: Ricardo is Spanish. His mother is Argentinean and his father is Canadian. I bought him a Swiss watch for Christmas. Diferite caracteristici ale unui obiect: Ex.: The table is long. The steel tray was a gift. Vrsta: Ex.: My hat is too old. I will buy another one. He is still very young, almost a boy. Dimensiuni, marime si masuri: Ex.: "Gone with the Wind" is a very long film. That boy is too tall. Culoarea: Ex.: I have a red jacket to go with my new white skirt. Materie / material: Ex.: He wore a cotton shirt. It was a silver tray, not a steel tray. Forma: Ex.: A rectangular envelope. A round table. Judecati, pareri sau opinii: Ex.: Grammar is fascinating. The show was entertaining.

3.4. Ordinea adjectivelor Atunci cnd se folosesc doua sau mai multe adjective pentru a descrie acelasi substantiv, ordinea lor depinde de functiile acestora. Exista mai multe variante, dar cea mai obisnuita ordine este: Value/opinion, Size, Age/Temperature, Shape, Colour, Origin, Material Value/opinion Size delicious, lovely, charming small, huge, tiny

Age/Temperature old, hot, young, little Shape Colour Origin round, square, rectangular red, blonde, black Swedish, Victorian, Chinese

Material

plastic, wooden, silver

Exemple: a green round plastic bucket an elegant little French clock a small round wooden table 3.5. Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor 3.5.1. Formarea comparativului si superlativului Exista trei grade de comparatie ale adjectivelor: pozitiv (nalt), comparativ (mai nalt), superlativ (cel mai nalt). n limba engleza, comparativul si superlativul se formeaza astfel: Numar de silabe (Pozitiv) o silaba tall Adjectivele formate dintr-o silaba [consoana + o vocala + consoana] vor dubla consoana finala: fat big sad doua silabe + Adjectivele terminate n: -y, -ly, -ow + Adjectivele terminate n: -le, -er sau -ure + Urmatoarele adjective: handsome, polite, pleasant, common, quiet happy yellow happier/ more happiest/ most happy happy yellower/ more yellowest/ yellow most yellow fatter bigger sadder + -er SAU more + adj fattest biggest saddest + -est SAU most + adj Comparativ + -er taller Superlativ + -est tallest

simple tender Daca nu esti sigur, foloseste more + adj SAU most + adj. Nota: Adjectivele terminate n -y ca de exemplu happy, pretty, busy, sunny, lucky etc. vor nlocui -y cu -ier sau -iest la forma comparativa si superlativa: busy trei sau mai multe silabe important expensive

simpler/ more simple

simplest/ most simple

tenderer/ more tenderest/ tender most tender

busier more + adj more important more expensive

busiest most + adj most important most expensive

Exemple: a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest. b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest. c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable. 3.5.2. Forme neregulate Urmatoarele adjective au forme de comparativ si superlativ total neregulate: Pozitiv good bad little old Comparativ better worse less older / elder Superlativ best worst least oldest / eldest most

much / many more

far

further / farther furthest / farthest

3.5.3. Comparatia adjectivelor

the + superlative Ex.: This is the oldest theater in London. comparative + than - pentru a compara diferentele dintre doua obiecte, evenimente sau fiinte: Ex.: He makes fewer mistakes than you do. Thailand is sunnier than Norway. Albert is more intelligent than Arthur. as + adjective + as - constructie folosita pentru a compara oameni, locuri, fiinte, evenimete sau obiecte, ntre care nu exista diferente: Ex.: Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John. Ramona is as happy as Raphael. A tiger is as dangerous as a lion. not as + adjective + as - putem arata diferentele dintre doua substantive folosind contructia not so/as ...as: Ex.: Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest. Norway is not as sunny as Thailand

ADJECTIVUL N LIMBA ENGLEZ

Avem trei grade de comparaie pentru adjectiv: pozitiv, comparativ i superlativ. Pozitiv: este adjectivul propriu-zis fr nici o modificare. Comparativ: este de trei feluri 1. de inferioritate 2.de egalitate 3. de superioritate Superlativ : este de dou feluri 4. relativ 5. absolut
Adjectivele scurte sunt adjective monosilabice sau bisilabice cu un nr mic de litere. Comparativul de inferioritate:

Se construiete n mod diferit pentru adjective scurte i pentru adjective lungi. Pentru adjective scurte se construiete astfel:
NOT + SO+ ADJECTIV + AS

Exemplu: He is not so tall as you are. Pentru adjectivele lungi se construiete astfel : LESS+ ADJECTIV + THAN Exemplu: The bed is less comfortable than the bath . Ideea de comparativ de egalitate mai poate fi obinut i prin construcia: THE SAME + SUBSTANTIV + ASS Expresia este valabil numai cu schimbarea valorii gramaticale din substantiv n adjectiv i numai pentru dimensiuni astfel: SIZE LENGTH DEPTH HIGHT BREADTH STRENGHT WEIGHT big long deep tall wide strong heavy small short shallow short narrow weak light

xemplu: This room is as big as the other one This room is the same size as the other one.
Comparativul de egalitate

Att pentru adjectivele lungi ct i pentru cele scurte se construiete astfel: