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    Learning Hebrew: Verbs

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    Orkun Rahmi
    This document provides an overview of learning Hebrew verbs. It discusses that Hebrew roots are composed of consonants and stems are derived forms of roots. It then explains the different verb stems in Hebrew (e.g. Qal, Niphal) and what they indicate about voice and action. Various verb conjugations are also outlined such as the perfect, imperfect, and imperative. Finally, it briefly touches on strong vs. weak verbs and typical Hebrew word order in verbal sentences.

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    Learning Hebrew: Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Orkun Rahmi
    246 views3 pages
    This document provides an overview of learning Hebrew verbs. It discusses that Hebrew roots are composed of consonants and stems are derived forms of roots. It then explains the different verb stems in Hebrew (e.g. Qal, Niphal) and what they indicate about voice and action. Various verb conjugations are also outlined such as the perfect, imperfect, and imperative. Finally, it briefly touches on strong vs. weak verbs and typical Hebrew word order in verbal sentences.

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    verbs paradigms

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    Verbs Hebrew

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    This document provides an overview of learning Hebrew verbs. It discusses that Hebrew roots are composed of consonants and stems are derived forms of roots. It then explains the different verb stems in Hebrew (e.g. Qal, Niphal) and what they indicate about voice and action. Various verb conjugations are also outlined such as the perfect, imperfect, and imperative. Finally, it briefly touches on strong vs. weak verbs and typical Hebrew word order in verbal sentences.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    246 views3 pages

    Learning Hebrew: Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Orkun Rahmi
    This document provides an overview of learning Hebrew verbs. It discusses that Hebrew roots are composed of consonants and stems are derived forms of roots. It then explains the different verb stems in Hebrew (e.g. Qal, Niphal) and what they indicate about voice and action. Various verb conjugations are also outlined such as the perfect, imperfect, and imperative. Finally, it briefly touches on strong vs. weak verbs and typical Hebrew word order in verbal sentences.

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    The key takeaways are that Hebrew verbs have aspects like gender, person and number expressed through inflection patterns and stems, and that verbs can be categorized based on their stem and meaning.

    The different types of Hebrew verbs are Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, Hophal and Hitpael stems which express meanings like simple, intensive, causative, passive or reflexive actions.

    The different conjugations of Hebrew verbs are the perfect, imperfect, imperative, cohortative, jussive and infinitive conjugations which express concepts like completed, incomplete, command, purpose and wish.

    Learning Hebrew: Verbs

    HEBREW VERBS Hebrew roots are usually composed of three consonants (but they may also be composed of two consonants). A root is the simplest form from which Hebrew words are derived. A stem is the simplest form of any word that is derived from a root. Example: From the root comes the noun stems ( king), ( queen), (kingdom) and the verb stem ( to reign, be king)

    In Hebrew most verbs have gender, person, and number characteristics. These characteristics are expressed in Hebrew verbs by certain patterns of inflection. Example: ( he wrote) and

    ( she wrote)

    Even though most Hebrew verbs can indicate these characteristics they may also be written with an independent personal pronoun which usually indicates emphasis upon one of the characteristics. VERBAL STEMS Qal ( )is the basic verbal stem which indicates active voice (though some passive forms do exist) and the unnuanced type of action. Example: ( he heard) Niphal ( )stems express simple action with either a passive or reflexive voice. Example:

    ( he was heard-passive or he heard himself-reflexive)


    Piel ( ) stems are used to express an intensive type of action with an inactive voice. Example: ( he smashed into pieces) Pual ( ) stems indicate the passive form of the Piel expressing an intensive type of action with a passive voice. Example: ( he [it] was smashed into pieces) Hiphil ( ) stems are used to indicate causative action with an active voice. Example:

    (he caused to reign or he made [someone] king)

    Hophal ( ) stems express the passive form of the Hiphil indicating a causative action with a passive voice. Example: ( he was made king) Hitpael ( )stems indicate an intensive type of action with a reflexive (and sometimes passive) voice. Example: ( he hid himself) Stem Qal () Niphal ( ) Piel ( ) Pual ( ) Hiphil ( ) Hophal ( ) Hitpael ( ) Meaning Simple action, Active voice Simple action, Passive or Reflexive voice Intensive action, Active voice Intensive action, Passive voice Causative action, Active voice Causative action, Passive voice Intensive action, Reflexive voice Example

    ( he heard) ( he was heard-passive or he heard


    himself-reflexive)

    ( he smashed into pieces) ( he [it] was smashed into pieces) ( he caused to reign or he made
    [someone] king)

    ( he was made king) ( he hid himself)

    VERBAL CONJUGATIONS The perfect conjugation indicates completed action. Example: She worked (past tense), She has worked (present perfect tense), She had worked (past perfect tense), and/or She will have worked (future perfect tense). The imperfect conjugation expresses incomplete action. Example: I walk (present tense) and/or I will walk (future tense). The imperative conjugation is used primarily to express direct commands and occurs only in the second person. Example: (You) defend the wall from being destroyed! The cohortative conjugation is used primarily to express purpose or result and occurs in the first person. Example: Let me honor the priest (first person singular) and/or Let us honor the priest (first person plural).

    The jussive conjugation is used to express either a mild command or strong wish and occurs in the third person. Example: May the King (third person) give to me a reward. The infinitive construct is a verbal noun which functions like the English Infinitive which is usually translated with the preposition to plus a verb (as in to build). It can be used as a subject or object of a verb. The infinitive absolute is used in conjunction with other verbs to emphasize or intensity the action of the verb. It can also be substituted in the place of an imperative conjugation to express a command. The participle is a verbal adjective. As a verb it expresses a type of verbal action (walking, running) and as a adjective it is used like a Hebrew adjective. STRONG AND WEAK VERBS Strong verbs have no weak consonants. Weak verbs have at least one weak root consonant (gutturals and ). The consonant and are also considered weak but only when they appear as the first consonant of the verbal root and only in certain conjugations. Roots with two root consonants and roots in which the second and third root consonants are identical are also weak root consonants. WORD ORDER In general (with few exceptions) the word order in Hebrew for a verbal sentence is verb-subjectobject. subject Example: object 2 verb

    , ,
    object 1

    Sources: The First Hebrew Primer, Third Edition by Simon, Resnikoff, and Motzkin Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar by Pratico and Van Pelt

    Rachel-Esther bat-Avraham, 2009 For Personal Use Only . All Other Uses Must be Pre-Approved [email protected]

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