( Reaffirmed 1997 )

IS:

9096-1979

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PRESERVATION OF BAMBOOS FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
Timber Sectional Committee,
Chairman
SHRI B. P. SRIVASTAVA Ministry

BDC 9

Representing
of Agriculture and Irrigation

Members
SHRI S. S. ABHYANKAR Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI S. K. GUPTA ( Alternate ) ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR ( TIMBER) Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORKS ) CHIEF CONSERVATOROF FORESTS, Agriculture, Forests and Cooperation Department, Government of Gujarat, Ahmadabad VADODARA ADDITIONAL CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORIZSTS ( Alternate ) Forest Department, Government of Himachal CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS Pradesh, Simla CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS( Alternare ) SHRI G. C. DAS National Test House, Calcutta DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL OF Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation FORESTS DIRECTOR, FORESTRESEARCHAND Forest Department, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore UTILIZATION CAPT V. P. GARG Naval Headquarters SHRI R. S. CHAUDHARY ( Alternate ) Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute, DR JOSEPH GEORGE Bangalore SHRI V. SIVANANDA( Alternate ) SHRI D. P. JOSHI Forest Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Federation of Indian Plywood and Panel Industry, SHRI K. S. LAULY New Delhi EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) SHRIP. V. MEHTA Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi

( AIternare )

( Continued on page 2 ) 0
INDIAN

Copyright

1979
INSTITUTION

STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS:9096-1979 (Continued from page 1 )

* Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) LT-COL S. A. MOHILE SHRI U. B. KANCHAN ( Alternate ) In personal capacity ( C-59 Inderpuri, New Delhi ) DR A. N. NAYAR Bihar State Forests Development Corporation Ltd, SHRI J. N. PANDEY Patna SHRI B. M. PRASAD ( Alternate ) Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun PRESIDENT Forest Research Institute & Colleges ( Wood DR S. K. PURKAYASTHA Anatomy Branch ), Dehra Dun Iudian Plywood Manufacturing Co Ltd, Bombay DR A. PURUSHOTHAM In personal capacity ( C-198 Defence Colony, DR V. RANGANATHAN New Delhi 1 National Buildings Organization, New Delhi DR R. S. RATRA Forest Research Institute & Colleges (Timber SHRI S. N. SANYAL Mechanics Branch ), Dehra Dun In personal capacity ( Srikalpam, Lawsons Bay, SHRI A. C. SEKHAR SHRI SHARAN SINGH
SHRI F. C. SHARMA

SHR~ D. V. VERMA SHRI J. K. SINHA ( Alternate ) SHRI D. AIITHA SIMHA, Director ( Civ Engg )

Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi Directorate General of Civil Aviation ( Ministry of Tourism & Civil Aviation ), New Delhi Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) Director General, ISI

Pedawaltair P.O., Visakhapatnam-530017 )

( Ex-officio Member )

Secretary
SHRI J. R. MEHTA Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1

Timber Seasoning and Treatment

Subcommittee,

BDC 9 : 3

Plywood

Manufacturing

Co Ltd, Bombay

Members
ADDITIONALDIRECTOR ( TIMBER ) JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORKS ) SHRI K. C. AGARWALA SHRI BHARAT SAHAY
CHIEF CONSERVATOROF FORESTS

Railway

Board

( Ministry

of Railways

( Alternate )

SHRI V. C. SHUKLA ( Alternate

Hindustan Pre-Feb Limited, New Delhi All India Handicrafts Board ( Ministry Commerce and Civil Supplies )

of

Forests Department,

Government

of Assam

FOREST UTILIZATION OFFICER

( Alternate )
( Continued on page 8 )

IS : 9096 - 1979

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PRESERVATION OF BAMBOOS FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
0.

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 January 1979, after the draft finalized by the Timber Sectional Committee had been approved ~bythe Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Bamboos which occupy a prominent place in every day life, are used for structural purposes like posts, pole fencing, scaffoldings, house building, etc. Bamboo compares favourably with such timber as Sal and teak in strength properties. But bamboos have low natural durability (1 to 3 years) against attacks by fungi and insects. They are very difficult to be treated by normal preservative methods in dry condition since their outer and to some extent inner membranes are impermeable to liquids. The treatment of bamboo is, therefore, best carried out in green conditions. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with 1s : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This bamboos building, choice of is put. code covers types of preservatives, treatment procedures of used for structural purposes like posts, scaffoldings, house walls, trusses, etc. It also includes recommendations on the treatment depending upon the various uses to which the bamboo

1.2 This code does not cover the treatment of bamboos for non-structural purposes which is covered by IS: 1902- 19617.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). tCode of practice for preservation of bamboo and cane for non-structural purposes.

IS : 9096 - 1979

2. RECOMMENDED PRESERVATIVES 2.1 The following are the various preservatives recommended of bamboos (see also IS : 40 1- 1967*) :

for treatment

a) Coal Tar Creosote -This

is a fract~ion of coal tar distillate with a boiling point range above 200C and is widely used admixed with fuel oil. A creosote fuel oil mixture in the ratio of 50:50 is found suitable. The fuel oil ensures stability to creosote against evaporation and bleeding from the treated bamboos. The creosote used shall conform to IS :218-19611. of this preservative comprisescoppersulphate (CuSO,--SH,O) arsenic pentoxide ( As,0,+2H,O ) and sodium or potassium dichromate ( Na,Cr,0,.2H,O or K,Cr,0,2H,O ) in proportion of 3: 1:4.

b) Copper Chrome Arsenic Composition - A typical composition

cl Acid Curpric Chromate Composition - A typical composition of this preservative comprises 1.68 parts chromic acid (Cr,O, ) equivalent to 2.5 parts of sodium dichromate, 50 parts of copper sulphate ( CuSO,.SH,O ) and 47.5 parts of sodium dichromate (Na,Cr,0,.2H,O).

Copper Chrome Boric Composition 1 A typical composition of the preservative comprises boric acid (H,BO, ), copper sulphate ( CuSO,.SH,O ) and sodium or potassium dischromate in the proportion of 1: 5 : 3 : 4. Chrome Zinc Arsenic Composition - A typical composition of this preservative comprises 28 parts of arsenic acid (H, AsO, ) 25 parts of sodium arsenate (NaHAs,O,), 17 parts of sodium dichromate ( Na,Cr,O,.2H,O ) and 30 parts of zinc sulphate ( ZnSO, ). Chromated Zinc Chloride -

e) Copper

f) d h)

and sodium K2Cr,0,.2H,0 borers.

or

This consist of zincXchloride ( ZnCl, ) potassium dichromate ( Na,Cr,O,.2H,O or ) in the ratio of 81.5 : 18.5.

Boric Acid Borax -

This has been used successfully against lyctus A mixture of 2: 5 percent of each is found more suitable. These are copper and

Copper Zinc Naphthenate and Abietates -

zinc salts of naphthenic abietic acid.

3. METHODS

OF TREATMENT 3.1 Details of the method of treatment by hot and cold process, Boucherie process and pressure process are given in IS:401-1967*. In addition to
*Code of practice for preservation of timber ( second revision ). iSpecification for creosote and anthracene oil for use as wood preservatives

( revised )

IS : 9096 - 1979 the above, diffusion process and the modified Boucherie processes as applicable to the treatment of bamboos (non-structural) given in IS : 1902-1961 may also be employed. 4. CHOICE OF PRESERVATIVE AND METHOD OF TREATMENT depends upon

4.1 The choice of preservative and the method the use to which the treated material is put. 4.2 The recommended practice tration and requisite absorption given in Table 1. 5. SAMPLING

of treatment

with regard to preservatives, their concenand method of treatment of bamboos are

5.1 Representative samples shall be cut from the treated bamboos for purposes of chemical analysis. The weight of the sample shall be about 100 g for every 100 kg of bamboos treated, 5.2 The samples obtained as in 5.1 shall be powdered either by hand file or by means of a suitable powdering machine or converted into small chips ( about 1 cm long, 0.2 cm wide and @1 cm thick ) by using a knife. The powder or chips thus prepared shall be thoroughly mixed and a liquid of 10 to 20 g taken for chemical analysis. 6. TESTING OF PRESERVATIVE IN TREATED material MATERIAL be carried out in

6.1 Testing of preservative in accordance with IS : 1902-1961.

treated

shall

*Code of practice for preservation of bamboo and cane for non-structural

purposes.

TABLE 1 RECOMMENDED PRESERVATIVES. THEIR CONCENTRATION AND ABSORPTION AND THE METHOD OF TREATMENT OF BAMBOOS FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES ( Clause 4.2 ) SL No.

:I B 8
I

G
STRUCWRAL USES OF
BAMBOOS RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATION ABSORPTION OF PRESERVATIVES OF PRESERVATIVES PRESERVATIVES ( see 2.1 ) kg/m (3) (4) (5) METHOD OF TREATMENT S

(1)
9

(2)
Posts, pole fencing, etc, exposed to weather and in contact with ground: a) Dry bamboos

(6)

a b&c 6 to

8 percent

80 to 128 8.0 to 12.0 (dry salt) 8.0 to 12.0 (dry salt)

Open tank or pressure process Pressure process Diffusion process

b) Green bamboos

b&c

8 to 10 percent

ii)

Bridges, scaffolding, ladders, etc, exposed to weather but not in contact with ground: a) Dry bamboos a b&c b) Green bamboos b&c

5 percent 5 to 6 percent

48 to 80 48 to 8.0 (dry salt) 4.8 to 8.0 (dry salt)

Hot dipping or open tank or pressure process Pressure process Modified Boucherie for 4 to 6 hours or diffusion for 20 to 25 days or displacement method

iii)

House Building, walls trusses, purlings, rafters, tent poles, etc, under cover: a) Dry bamboos a b&c d, e & f b) Green bamboos b&c

4 percent 6 percent 4 percent

32 to 48 4.0 (dry salt) 8.0 (dry salt) 4.0 (dry salt)

Hot dipping or open tank or pressure process Pressure process Pressure process Modified Boucherie for 4 hours or diffusion for 15 to 20 days

d,e&f iv) Ceiling, d o o r panelling: a) Dry bamboos and door b&c d, e 8~ g b) Green bamboos b&c

6 percent

5.0 (dry salt)

3 percent 5 percent 3 percent

3.2 (dry salt) 5.2 (dry salt) 3.2 (dry salt)

Pressure process Pressure process Modified Boucherie for 2 to 3 hours on diffusion for 8 to 12 days

d,e&f

5 percent

4.8 (dry salt)

IS : 9096 - 1979
( Continued from page 2 ) Members
CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS Forest ( DEVELOPMENT ) DIRECTOROF FORESTRESEARCH AND UTILIZATION ( Alternate) Forest CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS FORESTUTILIZATIONOFFICER DISTRICT FORESTOFFICER DR JOSEPHGEORGE DR S. ANANTHANARAYANAN SHRl Y. K. LAULY SHRI P. V. MEHTA

Representing
Department, Government of Karnataka

Department,

Government

of Maharashtra

( Alternate )

Forest Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute, Bangalore The Gurdit Institute Pvt Ltd, Dharwar Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi Forest Research Institute & Colleges ( Wood Seasoning Branch ), Dehra Dun Shankar Ramchandra and Bras, Pune National Buildings Organization, New Delhi Shalimar Tar Products ( 1935) Ltd, Calcutta Forest Research Institute & Colleges (Wood Preservation Branch), Dehra Dun Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

( ALternate )

OFFICER-IN-CHARGE SHRI A. K. PANHALE DR R. S. RATRA SHRIT. K. ROY SHRI SATISH KUMAR

SHRJ J. K. SINHA SHRI GULAM ALAM ( Alternate ) Ascu Hickson Limited, Calcutta SHRJ V. R. SONV SHRI S. SHIVAJI( Alternate ) Forest Research Institute & Colleges DR M. C. TEWARI Research Laboratory ), Bangalore SHRI J. C. JAIN ( Alternate )

( Forest