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    Semanticweb Python

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    Mario C. Fernandez
    This document provides an overview and tutorial on semantic web concepts and how to apply them using the RDFLib Python library. It discusses key semantic web standards like RDF, RDFS, and SPARQL and how RDFLib can be used to work with RDF graphs, add and query triples, serialize and parse RDF data, and merge graphs. The tutorial also presents examples of using RDFLib to represent resources and ontologies, perform SPARQL queries, and handle blank nodes and literals.

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    Semanticweb Python

    Uploaded by

    Mario C. Fernandez
    193 views30 pages
    This document provides an overview and tutorial on semantic web concepts and how to apply them using the RDFLib Python library. It discusses key semantic web standards like RDF, RDFS, and SPARQL and how RDFLib can be used to work with RDF graphs, add and query triples, serialize and parse RDF data, and merge graphs. The tutorial also presents examples of using RDFLib to represent resources and ontologies, perform SPARQL queries, and handle blank nodes and literals.

    Original Description:

    Application of Python to Data Web

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    This document provides an overview and tutorial on semantic web concepts and how to apply them using the RDFLib Python library. It discusses key semantic web standards like RDF, RDFS, and SPARQL and how RDFLib can be used to work with RDF graphs, add and query triples, serialize and parse RDF data, and merge graphs. The tutorial also presents examples of using RDFLib to represent resources and ontologies, perform SPARQL queries, and handle blank nodes and literals.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    193 views30 pages

    Semanticweb Python

    Uploaded by

    Mario C. Fernandez
    This document provides an overview and tutorial on semantic web concepts and how to apply them using the RDFLib Python library. It discusses key semantic web standards like RDF, RDFS, and SPARQL and how RDFLib can be used to work with RDF graphs, add and query triples, serialize and parse RDF data, and merge graphs. The tutorial also presents examples of using RDFLib to represent resources and ontologies, perform SPARQL queries, and handle blank nodes and literals.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 30
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that the current web has limitations and a semantic web is proposed to address issues like data integration and knowledge representation through standards like RDF, RDFS and SPARQL.

    Some of the challenges with data integration on the web include different data structures and formats across sources, lack of standards for autonomous collaboration between applications, and partial or inconsistent information.

    Proposed solutions to address challenges with knowledge representation on the web include the semantic web, which aims to solve issues of syntactic interoperability through standards, scalable representation languages that leverage existing web infrastructure, and enabling machine processing of information.

    PyCon 2009 IISc, Bangalore, India

    Semantic Web and Python


    Concepts to Application development

    Vinay Modi
    Voice Pitara Technologies Private Limited

    Outline
    Web Need better web for the future Knowledge Representation (KR) to Web Challenges Data integration challenges KR to Web - solutions for challenges Metadata and Semantic Web protocol stack RDF, RDFS and SPARQL basic concepts Using RDFLib adding triples RDFLib serialization RDFLib RDFS ontology Blank node SPARQL querying Graph merging Some possible things one can do with RDFLib

    Text in Natural Languages Multimedia Images

    Web
    Deduce the facts; create mental relationships

    Need better Web for the future

    I Know What You Mean

    KR to Web Challenges
    Traditional KR techniques and Network effect Algorithmic complexity and Performance for information space like W3

    Scaling KR

    KR to Web Challenges
    Continue 1

    Representational Inconsistencies

    Machine down Partial Information

    Data integration - Challenges


    Web pages, Corporate databases, Institutions Different content and structure Manage for
    Company mergers Inter department data sharing (like eGovernment) Research activities/output across labs/nations

    Accessible from the web but not public.

    Data Integration Challenges


    Continue 1

    Example: Social sites


    add your contacts every time.

    Requires standard so that applications can work autonomously and collaboratively.

    What is needed
    Some data should be available for machines for further processing Data should be possibly combined, merged on Web scale Some time data may describe other data i.e. metadata. Some times data needs to be exchanged. E.g. between Travel preferences and Ticket booking.

    Metadata
    Data about data Two ways of associating with a resource
    Physical embedding Separate resource

    Resource identifier Globally unique identifier Advantages of explicit metadata Dublin core, FOAF

    KR to Web Solution for Challenges


    Extra-logical infrastructure. Network effect Solve syntactic interoperability. Standards
    Continue 2

    Scalable Representation languages

    Semantic Web
    Use Web Infrastructure

    Semantic Web
    Web extension
    Exchange Integrate Process Machine automated

    Information

    RDF basic concepts


    W3C decided to build infrastructure for allowing people to make their own vocabularies for talking about different objects. RDF data model:
    Resource
    Property Literal value

    Resource

    Property

    Resource

    RDF basic concepts


    Continue 1

    RDF graphs and triples:


    Subject
    http://in.pycon.org/s media/slides/semant icweb_Python.pdf

    Predicate title

    Object
    Semantic Web and Python

    RDF Syntax (N3 format):


    @prefix dc: <http://http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .

    <http://in.pycon.org/smedia/slides/semanticweb_Pyt hon.pdf> dc:title Semantic Web and Python

    RDF basic concepts


    Continue 2

    Subject (URI)
    Predicate (Namespace URI) Object (URI or Literal) Blank Node (Anonymous node; unique to boundary of the domain)
    AddisonWesley http://.../isbn/ 67239786

    a:publisher
    Boston

    RDF basic concepts


    Continue 3

    Ground assertions only. No semantic constraints


    Can make anomalous statements

    RDFS basic concepts


    Extending RDF to make constraints Allows to represent extra-knowledge:
    define the terms we can use define the restrictions What other relationships exist

    Ontologies

    RDFS basic concepts


    Continue 1

    Classes Instances Sub Classes Properties Sub properties Domain Range

    SPARQL basic concepts


    Data @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:a foaf:name Vinay" . _:b foaf:name Hari" . Query PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name . } Results (as Python List) [Vinay", Hari"]

    SPARQL basic concepts


    Query matches the graph:
    find a set of variable -> value bindings, such that result of replacing variables by values is a triple in the graph.

    SELECT (find values for the given variable and constraint) CONSTRUCT (build a new graph by inserting new values in a triple pattern) ASK (Asks whether a query has a solution in a graph)

    RDFLib
    Contains Parsers and Serializes for various RDF syntax formats In memory and persistent graph backend RDFLib graphs emulate Python container types best thought of a 3-item triples. [(subject, object, predicate), (subject, object, predicate), ] Ordinary set operations; e.g. add a triple, methods to search triples and return in arbitrary order

    RDFLib Adding triple to a graph


    from rdflib.Graph import Graph from rdflib import URIRef, Namespace inPyconSlides = Namespace(''http://in.pycon.org/smedia/slides/'') dc = Namespace("http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/") g = Graph() g.add((inPyconSlides['Semanticweb_Python.pdf'], dc:title, Literal('Semantic Web and Python concepts to application development')

    RDFLib adding triple by reading file/string


    str = '''@prefix dc: <''' + dc + '''> . @prefix inPyconSlides : <''' + inPyconSlides + '''> . inPyconSlides :'Semanticweb_Python' dc:title 'Semantic Web and Python concepts to application development' . ''' from rdflib import StringInputSource rdfstr = StringInputSource(str) g.parse(rdfstr, format='n3')

    RDFLib adding triple from a remote document

    inPyconSlides _rdf = 'http://in.pycon.org/rdf_files/slides.rdf' g.parse(inPyconSlides_rdf, format='n3')

    Creating RDFS ontology


    Ontology reuse

    <http://in.pycon.org> rdf:type <http://swrc.ontoware.org/ ontology#conference> . <http://in.pycon.org/hasSlidesAt> rdf:type rdfs:Property .

    <http://in.pycon.org> rdfs:label 'Python Conference, India'

    RDFLib SPARQL query


    Querying graph instance
    # using previous rdf triples q = '''PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/rss/1.0/> PREFIX inPyconSlides : <http://in.pycon.org/smedia/slides/> SELECT ?x ?y Unbound symbols WHERE { ?x dc:title ?y . } Graph ''' pattern result = g.query(q).serialize(format='n3')

    RDFLib creating BNode


    from rdflib import BNode profilebnode = BNode()

    Vinay Modi http://in.pyco n.org/.../.../ Sematicweb_ Python http://www. voicepitara.com

    http://.../deleg ate/vinaymodi

    hasProfile

    hasTutorial

    RDFLib graph merging


    g.parse(inPyconSlides_rdf, format='n3') g1 = Graph() myns = Namespace('http://example.com/') # object of the triple in g1 is subject of a triple in g. g1.add(('http://vinaymodi.googlepages.com/', myns['hasTutorial'], inPyconSlides['Semanticweb_Python.pdf']) mgraph = g + g1

    g1

    RDFLib some possible things you can do


    Creating named graphs Quoted graphs Fetching remote graphs and querying over them RDF Literals are XML Schema datatype; Convert Python datatype to RDF Literal and vice versa. Persistent datastore in MySQL, Sqlite, Redland, Sleepycat, ZODB, SQLObject Graph serialization in RDF/XML, N3, NT, Turtle, TriX, RDFa

    End of the Tutorial


    Thank you for listening patiently.

    Contact: Vinay Modi Voice Pitara Technologies (P) Ltd [email protected]

    (Queries for project development, consultancy, workshops, tutorials in Knowledge representation and Semantic Web are welcome)

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