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    Crude Distillation Unit

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    resure
    Crude distillation unit

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    Crude Distillation Unit

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    resure
    220 views2 pages
    Crude distillation unit

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    Crude distillation unit

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    220 views2 pages

    Crude Distillation Unit

    Uploaded by

    resure
    Crude distillation unit

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    s

    Crude Distillation Unit

    The crude distillation unit is the first major unit in the refinery. The purpose of this unit is to separate the crude oil into various blends by distilling the crude into fractions according to boiling point, so that each of the downstream processing units will have feedstocks that meet their particular specifications. Higher efficiencies and lower costs are achieved if the crude oil separation is accomplished in steps: first, by fractionating the total crude through a stabilizer to remove butanes and lighter; second, by feeding the stabilized crude to a fractionator that operates at atmospheric pressure; and finally, by feeding the topped

    crude (high boiling fraction) from the atmospheric tower to a fractionator operated at a high vacuum. The vacuum tower is used to separate the heavier portion of crude oil into various boiling fractions to avoid the high temperatures necessary to vaporize the topped crude at atmospheric pressure. This prevents thermal cracking of the oil from occurring which would result in losses to dry gas, discoloration of the product, and equipment fouling due to coke (carbon) formation.

    s
    In order of increasing boiling points, the main products (side draws) from a typical crude unit are: Fuel Gas The fuel gas consists mainly of methane and ethane. In some refineries, propane is included in the fuel gas stream. This stream is also called a dry gas. (C1, C2, C3) Wet Gas The wet gas stream contains propanes and butanes as well as some methane and ethane. The propanes and butanes are separated to be used for LPG and, in the case of butane, for gasoline blending. (C2, C3, C4) LSR Gasoline The Light Straight Run (LSR) gasoline is desulfurized and used in gasoline blending or processed in an isomerization unit to improve the octane number before blending. (C5, C6) HSR Gasoline The Heavy Straight Run (HSR) gasoline cuts are typically used for catalytic reformer feed to produce high octane reformate for gasoline blending and aromatics recovery. (C7 to C10) Kerosine The kerosene stream is treated and then sent to the blending pool for sale as kerosene product. (C9 to C15) Diesel The diesel cut is treated and then sent to the blending pool for sale as diesel fuel. (C13 to C18) Gas Oils The Light Gas Oil (LGO) and Heavy Gas Oils (HGO) are processed in a hydrocracker or catalytic cracker to produce gasoline, jet and diesel fuels. The light vacuum and heavy vacuum gas oils (LVGO and HVGO) can also be used as feedstocks for lubricating oil processing units. . (C13 to C45) Residuum The vacuum tower bottoms can be processed in a visbreaker, coker, or deasphalting unit to produce heavy fuel oil or cracking and /or lube base stocks. For asphaltic crudes, the residuum can be processed further to produced road and/or roofing asphalts. . (C40 and up) The main application for process gas chromatographs is to analyze the side draws of the crude tower with a boiling point analysis using simulated distillation. Strong incentives exist to upgrade from one side draw to the next by operating closer to boiling point specs. For example, gasoline is usually more valuable than kerosene so a boiling point analysis is used to unsure that all the gasoline is separated out of the kerosene.

    Analyzer Number 1

    Stream

    Analyzer Placement Crude Distillation Unit Component Purpose Analyzed Simulated Distillation Simulated Distillation Simulated Distillation Insure proper separation of LSR Naptha from lighter material (D3710) Insure proper separation of HSR and kerosene (D3710) Insure proper separation of diesel from kerosene and Gas Oil (D2887)

    Anal./SS Probe 14/9 P2 14/9 P2 13/9 P2

    LSR Naphtha

    HSR Naphtha Kerosine

    Diesel

    Simulated Distillation

    Insure proper separation of diesel from kerosene and Gas Oil (D2887) For more information contact:

    13/9 P2

    Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. 7101 Hollister Road Houston, TX 77040 Phone: 713-939-7400 Fax: 713-939-7050
    7005020-001 07/07

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