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    IFEM HW05 Sol Ch12

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    thamaraikannan
    This document summarizes the solutions to exercises from Chapter 12 on the variational formulation of plane beam elements. It provides the solutions to 9 exercises involving developing Mathematica scripts to calculate stiffness matrices and force vectors for beam elements with variable properties. It also summarizes the results of an exercise investigating the accuracy of Gaussian integration rules.

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    IFEM HW05 Sol Ch12

    Uploaded by

    thamaraikannan
    273 views4 pages
    This document summarizes the solutions to exercises from Chapter 12 on the variational formulation of plane beam elements. It provides the solutions to 9 exercises involving developing Mathematica scripts to calculate stiffness matrices and force vectors for beam elements with variable properties. It also summarizes the results of an exercise investigating the accuracy of Gaussian integration rules.

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    introduction to fem

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    IFEM.HW05.sol.Ch12

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    This document summarizes the solutions to exercises from Chapter 12 on the variational formulation of plane beam elements. It provides the solutions to 9 exercises involving developing Mathematica scripts to calculate stiffness matrices and force vectors for beam elements with variable properties. It also summarizes the results of an exercise investigating the accuracy of Gaussian integration rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    273 views4 pages

    IFEM HW05 Sol Ch12

    Uploaded by

    thamaraikannan
    This document summarizes the solutions to exercises from Chapter 12 on the variational formulation of plane beam elements. It provides the solutions to 9 exercises involving developing Mathematica scripts to calculate stiffness matrices and force vectors for beam elements with variable properties. It also summarizes the results of an exercise investigating the accuracy of Gaussian integration rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    1215

    Solutions to Exercises

    Homework Exercises for Chapter 12 - Variational Formulation of Plane Beam Element Solutions
    EXERCISE 12.1 A Mathematica script for fe by analytical integration is shown in Figure E12.1.

    ClearAll[EI,EIi,EIj,Le, , ]; Le= ; Be={{6* ,(3* -1)*Le,-6* ,(3* +1)*Le}}; EI=EI1*(1- )/2+EI2*(1+ )/2; Ke=1/(2*Le^3)*Integrate[EI*Transpose[Be].Be,{ ,-1,1}]; Ke=Simplify[Ke]; Print["Ke for variable xsec beam:\n", Ke//MatrixForm]; ClearAll[EI]; Ke=Simplify[Ke/.{EI2->EI,EI2->EI}]; Print["Ke for EI1=EI2=EI is ", Ke//MatrixForm];
    Ke for variable xsec beam: 6 EI1 EI2 2 2 EI1 EI2
    3 2

    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    2 EI1 2 EI2
    2

    2 2 EI1 EI2
    2

    3 EI1 EI2 2 2 EI1 EI2


    2

    2 2 EI1 EI2
    2

    EI1 EI2 2 EI1 2 EI2


    2

    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    2 EI1 2 EI2
    2

    EI1 EI2

    2 EI1 2 EI2
    2

    EI1 3 EI2

    Figure E12.1. Script to solve Exercise 12.1

    Transcribing the result:

    Ke = 1
    3

    6( E I1 + E I2 )

    symm

    2(2 E I1 + E I2 ) (3 E I1 + E I2 ) 2

    6( E I1 + E I2 ) 2(2 E I1 + E I2 ) 6( E I1 + E I2 )

    2( E I1 + E I2 ) ( E I1 + E I2 ) 2 . 2(2 E I1 + 2 E I2 ) ( E I1 + 2 E I2 ) 2

    (E12.10)

    The print output of the check E I1 = E I2 = E I is omitted to save space, but it reproduces the matrix (12.20).
    EXERCISE 12.2 A Mathematica script for fe by analytical integration is shown in Figure E12.2.

    ClearAll[q,q1,q2, , ]; Le= ; Ne={2*(1- )^2*(2+ ), (1- )^2*(1+ )*Le, 2*(1+ )^2*(2- ),-(1+ )^2*(1- )*Le}/8; q=q1*(1- )/2+q2*(1+ )/2; fe=Simplify[ (Le/2)*Integrate[q*Ne,{ ,-1,1}] ]; Print["fe^T for lin varying load q:\n",fe]; ClearAll[q]; fe=Simplify[fe/.{q1->q,q2->q}]; Print["check for q1=q2=q: ",fe]; fe^T for lin varying load q: 1 1 1 1 { 20 (7 q1 + 3 q2) (3 q1 + 2 q2) 2 20 (3 q1 + 7 q2) 60 (2 q1 + 3 q2) 60
    Figure E12.2. Script to solve Exercise 12.2

    1215

    Chapter 12: VARIATIONAL FORMULATION OF PLANE BEAM ELEMENT

    1216

    Transcribing the result: fe = [ 3(7q1 + 3q2 ) (3q1 + 2q2 ) 3(3q1 + 7q2 ) (2q1 + 3q2 ) ]T . (E12.11)

    60

    The output of the check qi = q j = q is omitted to save space, but it does reproduce (12.21).
    EXERCISE 12.3 Following the hint, the shape function matrix is evaluated at x = a , or = 2a / 1:

    fe = P NT

    2a / 1

    P
    2

    (a )2 (2a + )

    a (a )2

    a 2 (2a 3 )

    a 2 (a )

    (E12.12)

    If a = 0 and a = the force vector reduces to [ P 0 0 0 ]T and [ 0 0 P 0 ]T , respectively, as expected.


    EXERCISE 12.4 Figure E12.3 shows a Mathematica script that implements (E12.5) for a linearly varying

    distributed moment m .
    ClearAll[m,Le, , ]; Le= ; Ne={2*(1- )^2*(2+ ), (1- )^2*(1+ )*Le, 2*(1+ )^2*(2- ),-(1+ )^2*(1- )*Le}/8; m=m1*(1- )/2+m2*(1+ )/2; fe=Integrate[m*D[Ne, ],{ ,-1,1}]; fe=Simplify[fe]; Print["fe: ", fe]; fe: { 1 (m1 + m2) 2
    1 12

    (m1 m2)

    1 2

    (m1 + m2)

    1 (m1 12

    m2)

    Figure E12.3. Script to solve Exercise 12.4

    This gives 1 (E12.13) [ 6(m 1 + m 2 ) (m 1 m 2 ) 6(m 1 + m 2 ) (m 1 m 2 ) ]T . 12 There is a shortcut for uniform m ; that is, m 1 = m 2 = m . Moving m out of the integral (E12.5) gives fe =
    1

    fe = m
    1

    T N d = m NT

    =1 =1

    = m [ 1

    0 ]T .

    (E12.14)

    EXERCISE 12.5 Replacing m (x ) = C (a ) in the integral (E12.5) reduces it to

    fe = C

    d NT dx

    =
    x a

    2C d NT d

    =
    2a / 1

    C
    2

    6a (a )

    ( 3a )( a )

    6a ( a )

    a (3a 2 )
    1 2

    If a = 0 and a = , fe reduces to [ 0 C 0 0 ]T and [ 0 0 0 C ]T , respectively, as expected. If a = C [ 3/(2 ) 1/4 3/(2 ) 1/4 ]T , which is not that obvious.

    (E12.15) we get

    EXERCISE 12.6 The results of this exercise are collected on Table 12.1. The rules with 1, 2 and 3 points fail for monomial degrees 2, 4 and 6, respectively, and are exact for degrees up to one less. The property is extendible to any rule order: a Gauss rule with p points integrates exactly polynomials of degree 2 p 1 or less, as proven in texts on numerical analysis. Note that since the rules are symmetric about x = 0 they are exact for any odd function about x = 0 because the integral of any such function from 1 to 1 is zero. Consequently odd-degree monomials, such as or 3 , are integrated exactly by all rules.

    1216

    1217
    Table 12.1. Results From Exercise 12.6 Monomial degree 1 2 3 4 5 6
    2 3

    Solutions to Exercises

    0 Exact One-point rule (E12.6) Two-point rule (E12.7) Three-point rule (E12.8)

    2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0

    0 0 0

    2 5 2 9 2 5

    2 7

    0
    2 3 2 3

    6 25

    EXERCISE 12.7 A Mathematica script to compute Ke by two-point Gauss rule is shown in Figure E12.4.

    This result reproduces exactly (E12.10) because the polynomials being integrated for linearly varying E I are cubic in (B, BT and E I are linear in ). From Exercise 12.6, the 2-point Gauss rule integrates exactly polynomials of order up to and including 3.
    ClearAll[EI,EI1,EI2, , ]; Le= ; Be={{6* ,(3* -1)*Le,-6* ,(3* +1)*Le}}; EI=EI1*(1- )/2+EI2*(1+ )/2; Ke1=(1/(2*Le^3))*(EI*Transpose[Be].Be)/. -> Sqrt[3]/3; Ke2=(1/(2*Le^3))*(EI*Transpose[Be].Be)/. ->-Sqrt[3]/3; Ke=Simplify[Ke1+Ke2]; Print["2-Gauss-pt Ke for var xsec beam:\n ",Ke//MatrixForm]; 2-Gauss-pt Ke for var xsec beam:
    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    2 2 EI1 EI2
    2

    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    2 EI1 2 EI2
    2

    2 2 EI1 EI2
    2

    3 EI1 EI2 2 2 EI1 EI2


    2

    2 2 EI1 EI2
    2

    EI1 EI2 2 EI1 2 EI2


    2

    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    6 EI1 EI2
    3

    2 EI1 2 EI2
    2

    EI1 EI2

    2 EI1 2 EI2
    2

    EI1 3 EI2

    Figure E12.4. Script to solve Exercise 12.7

    EXERCISE 12.8 A Mathematica script to compute Ke by two-point Gauss rule is shown in Figure E12.5.

    ClearAll[q,q1,q2, , ]; Le= ; Ne={2*(1- )^2*(2+ ), (1- )^2*(1+ )*Le, 2*(1+ )^2*(2- ),-(1+ )^2*(1- )*Le}/8; q=q1*(1- )/2+q2*(1+ )/2; fe1=(Le/2)*(Ne*q)/. -> Sqrt[3]/3; fe2=(Le/2)*(Ne*q)/. ->-Sqrt[3]/3; fe=Simplify[fe1+fe2]; Print["2-Gauss-pt fe^T for var load q:\n ",fe]; 2-pt Gauss for var load q: 1 1 { 36 (13 q1 + 5 q2) (2 q1 + q2) 36

    1 36

    (5 q1 + 13 q2)

    1 36 (q1 + 2 q2)

    Figure E12.5. Script to solve Exercise 12.8

    This result is different from (E12.11) because the polynomials being integrated for linearly varying q are quartic in , and the 2-point Gauss rule is not exact for that order. But for uniform q the results would be the same.

    1217

    Chapter 12: VARIATIONAL FORMULATION OF PLANE BEAM ELEMENT

    1218

    EXERCISE 12.9 The derivation is presented in Przemieniecki [140], 5.6.

    r = 4(1 4 2 )/(5 4 2 ). For = 0 the ratio is 4/5 and the FEM result is 20% in error. As grows the error increases, for example if = 1/4, r = 12/19 = 0.6317 and the error is over 36%.

    EXERCISE 12.10 The FEM result is v2 = q L 4 (1 4 2 )2 /(96 E I ). The ratio to the exact solution is

    1218

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