WAVES

CLA-2A
User Guide

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3 1.1 WELCOME...........................................................................................................................................................3 1.2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................................3 1.3 ABOUT THE MODELING ........................................................................................................................................4 1.4 COMPONENTS .....................................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 2 QUICKSTART GUIDE .......................................................................................................................6 CHAPTER 3 INTERFACE AND CONTROLS.........................................................................................................7 3.1 CLA-2A INTERFACE ............................................................................................................................................7 3.2 CLA-2A CONTROLS ............................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 4 THE WAVESYSTEM .......................................................................................................................11 4.1 THE WAVESYSTEM TOOLBAR ............................................................................................................................11
Toolbar Functions.............................................................................................................................................................. 11

4.2 PRESET HANDLING ............................................................................................................................................11

Preset Types ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Loading Presets and Setups.............................................................................................................................................. 12 Saving Presets and Setups ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Deleting Presets ................................................................................................................................................................ 13 A/B Comparison and Copying ........................................................................................................................................... 13

4.3 INTERFACE CONTROLS ......................................................................................................................................13

Toggle Buttons .................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Value Window Buttons ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 Sliders ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Hover Box.......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 TAB Functions ................................................................................................................................................................... 14

APPENDIX A CLA-2A CONTROLS .....................................................................................................................15

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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Welcome
Thank you for choosing Waves! In order to get the most out of your Waves processor, please take the time to read through this manual. In conjunction, we also suggest that you become familiar with www.wavesupport.net. There you will find an extensive Answer Base, the latest Tech Specs, detailed Installation guides, new Software Updates, and current information on Authorization and Registration. By signing up at www.wavesupport.net, you will receive personalized information on your registered products, reminders when updates are available, and information on your authorization status.

1.2 Product Overview

About the CLA-2A The CLA-2A is modeled on a hand-wired, tube-based compressor originally produced by Teletronix in the early 1960s. Initially intended for use in broadcast, the original used an electro-luminescent optical attenuator called T4 for gain reduction. Unlike many other designs, electro-luminescent circuitry doesn't add distortion when it modulates the sound. (Tubes, however, do, and we made sure to model that distortion.) Additionally, the inspiration for the CLA-2As frequency-dependent attack and response speed made it an instant favorite of audio engineers. However, many consider its most unique feature to be its program dependent, multi-stage release, which was achieved using a 2-stage photo-electric cell. With a Frequency Response of 30Hz to 15kHz (+/- 1dB) and < 0.5% THD, the original provided up to 40dB of gain limiting. About Chris Lord-Alge Grammy-winner Chris Lord-Alge is the mixing engineer of choice for pop and rock royalty. Green Day | U2 | Dave Matthews Band | Daughtry | Pink | Leona Lewis | Avril Lavigne | My Chemical Romance | All American Rejects | Nickelback | Rob Thomas | Snow Patrol | Ray LaMontagne | Miley Cyrus | Jonas Bros. | Tim McGraw | Faith Hill | Tina Turner | Rod Stewart | Celine Dion | Santana | Steve Winwood | James Brown For almost thirty years, Chris has energized the sound of popular music. His hard-hitting mixes have transformed the radio soundscape, and introduced a new sonic vocabulary along the way. CLAs massive hardware arsenal includes racks and racks of the most coveted compression units in music history.

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Widely known among audio pros and listeners alike for his punchy sound and extreme compression techniques, Chris gave us exclusive access to model his most prized processors, and worked closely with Waves through every phase of development. Together with many of his personal presets, these precision models deliver the distinctive sound of CLAs favorite classic compressors.

1.3 About the Modeling

Many different elements contribute to the unique sonic behavior of analog gear. Waves painstakingly modeled and incorporated the characteristics of the hardware into the CLA-2A, in order to fully capture and replicate the sound and performance of the original equipment. The hardware was modeled at reference levels of -18 dBFS = +4 dBu, meaning that a signal of -18 dBFS from the DAW to the hardware unit will display a meter reading of 0 VU (+4 dBu). These are some of the most important elements of analog behavior:

Total Harmonic Distortion Perhaps the most important analog behavior is Total Harmonic Distortion or THD, which is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental frequency. THD is usually caused by amplification, and changes signal shape and content by adding odd and even harmonics of the fundamental frequencies, which can change the overall tonal balance. THD can also change peak output gain, usually by no more than +/- 0.2-0.3 dB.

Variable Release Times In the original modeled hardware, a T4 optical device determines compression behavior. When strong signals are introduced to the compressor input, release time constants lasting several seconds may result. In certain cases, this may cause the same passage to sound different during successive playbacks, as the Release does not return to the unity position. This behavior is identical to that of the original hardware, and should not be a cause for concern.

Hum Waves modeled both 50Hz power current and 60Hz power current. If you listen closely, you will hear that there is a difference in hum level between 50Hz and 60Hz. Since hum is unique to each region and dependent upon local electrical conditions, you may find that the modeled hum is different than the hum already present in your studio, and may not be suitable for your particular use.

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 T4
In the original hardware units, the T4 optical device is responsible for the amount of overall compression and compression characteristics. These components are quite vulnerable to wear and tear, and need to be replaced, ideally, every 2 to 3 years. Depleted T4 devices result in up to 80% less compression as compared to newer components. In the course of our research, we discovered that up to 90% of T4 components in use today have never been replaced. This means that the majority of users are working with devices that compress far below the original manufacturer specifications. If you are used to the performance and behavior of an original unit, and find that the modeled plugin provides more aggressive compression than you are used to, it may be that you have grown accustomed to a worn-out T4 component.

1.4 Components
WaveShell technology enables us to split Waves processors into smaller plug-ins, which we call components. Having a choice of components for a particular processor gives you the flexibility to choose the configuration best suited to your material. The CLA-2A has two component processors: CLA-2A Stereo Two-channel compressor, with one detector for both channel paths CLA-2A Mono One-channel compressor

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Chapter 2 Quickstart Guide

The CLA-2A offers 2 main controls for compression, as well as additional controls for fine-tuning. Using the Compress/Limiter toggle, select Compressor (approximately 3:1 ratio) or Limiter (approximately 100:1 ratio). Use the Peak Reduction control to set the amount of compression desired. Use the Gain control to adjust make up level after the compression. Use the VU Meter to monitor Input, Output, and Gain Reduction levels.

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Chapter 3 Interface and Controls

3.1 CLA-2A Interface

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3.2 CLA-2A Controls

Gain controls the output level of the audio path.

Range: 0 to 100 (in 0.01 steps) Initial Value: 40.00 Reset Value: 32.28 (unity gain)

Peak Reduction controls the amount of signal compression.

Range: 0 to100 (in 0.01 steps) Initial Value: 46.00 Reset Value: 0 Please note: The scale is not linear and has been adjusted to conform to the exact scaling of the modeled unit. Thus, there may be more compression than expected at certain steps, as with analog gear (most common Peak Reduction range of the LA-2A is between 30 to 50).

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Compressor Mode selects compression or limiting.

Range: Comp, Limiter Default: Comp

HiFreq increases voltage amplifier gain in the peak reduction circuit, for frequencies above
1 kHz, leaving lower frequencies unaffected. When set to Flat, the CLA-2A will provide equal reduction to all frequencies. The more you move away from the Flat position, the less sensitive the compressor is to lower frequencies, resulting in less compression. This control may also be used as sort of a de-esser.

Range: 0 to 100 (in 0.1 steps) Initial Value: 50.00 Reset Value: 100 (flat)

Analog controls analog characteristics caused by noise floor and hum, based on the power
supplies of the original units.

Range Off, 50Hz, 60Hz Initial Value: 60Hz Reset Value: Off

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VU Display toggles between Input, Gain Reduction, and Output metering.

Range In, GR, Out Default GR

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Chapter 4 The WaveSystem

4.1 The WaveSystem Toolbar
All Waves processors feature the WaveSystem toolbar which takes care of most administrative functions you will encounter while working with your Waves software. The features of the WaveSystem toolbar are the same on practically all Waves processors, so familiarity with its features will be helpful whichever processor you are using.

Toolbar Functions
Undo Redo Setup A/B Copy A->B Load Save ? Undoes the last 32 actions. Redoes the last 32 undone actions. Toggles between two presets. This is useful for close comparison of different parameter settings Copies the current settings to the second preset register Recalls presets from file Saves presets in the Waves file formats Opens the manual for the processor you are using.

4.2 Preset Handling

Preset Types
Factory Presets are permanent presets in the Load menu. Factory presets cannot be over-written or deleted. When applicable, different component plug-ins may have different factory presets. User Presets are your favorite settings of the plug-in saved as a preset in the Load menu, under User Presets. User Presets can be over-written and deleted. Setup Files may contain more than one preset. For example, a single file can contain all the presets for a session. When you open a Setup File, all its setups become part of your Load pop-up menu for fast access. This can be particularly useful with multiple instances of a plug-in in a single session. By saving all the settings you create into a single Setup File, they can all be quickly available for every instance of that plug-in.

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Loading Presets and Setups

Click-and-hold on the Load button to see the Load pop-up menu. The menu is divided into four sections. If a section is not currently available it will not appear in the Load pop-up menu. Open Preset File Select to open any setup or preset file, whether from the Library or your own creations. Filename.xps: Displays any currently loaded Setup File and its presets. Factory Presets: Displays the default Factory Presets. User Presets: Displays any loaded User Presets.

Saving Presets and Setups

Click-and-hold on the Save button to see the Save pop-up menu. Four options are available. If an option is not currently available it will be grayed out and inaccessible. Save to New File Select this to start a new Setup file. There are two prompts - first for the setup filename, then for the preset name. You must provide a name for both the setup file and the preset. Click OK (ENTER) to complete the save. It is a good idea to create a folder in which to save several setup files for a project. Save File Name Preset Name Overwrites the settings of the loaded preset (whether a User Preset or a preset from a Setup File) with the current settings. If a Setup File is currently loaded, the name of the Setup File is displayed followed by the name of the preset itself. If a User Preset is loaded, its name is displayed. Save to File Name As Saves the current settings as a new preset into the Setup file that is open (if one is not open, the option is grayed out). You will be prompted to give the preset a name. Put into Preset Menu As Save the current settings into a User Preset that will always be in your Load menu (until deleted). You will be prompted to give this preset a name. User Presets are stored in the plug-ins preference file.

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Deleting Presets
You may delete User Presets and presets within a Setup File. Factory Presets and Setup Library files cannot be deleted or overwritten. 1. Hold the Command (Mac)/Control (PC) key down. 2. Click-and-hold the Load button to see the pop-up menu. 3. While still holding the Command/Control key, select the preset or setup to delete. 4. A confirmation box will appear, allowing you to cancel or OK the deletion.

A/B Comparison and Copying

The Setup A/Setup B button may be clicked to compare two settings. If you load a preset in the Setup B position, this will not affect the preset loaded into the Setup A position, and vice-versa. If you want to slightly modify the settings in Setup A, you can copy them to Setup B by clicking on the Copy to B button, then alter Setup A and compare with the original Setup B. The name of the current setup will be shown in the title bar (on platforms which support it), and will switch as you change from Setup A to Setup B. Note: an asterisk will be added to the preset name when a change is made to the preset.

4.3 Interface Controls

Controls can be in one of three states: Not Selected where the control is not the target of any user entry Selected where the control is the target of mouse control entry only Selected and Active where the control is the target for both mouse and keyboard entry

Toggle Buttons
Toggle buttons display the state of a control, and allow switching between two or more states. Singleclick to change the controls state. Some toggle buttons have a text display which updates with the current setting, and others (bypass, solo, or monitoring toggles) illuminate when the control is active. Some processors have link buttons between a pair of toggle buttons, allowing click-and-drag adjustment while retaining the offset between the controls. Waves CLA-2A User Guide 13

Value Window Buttons

Value windows display the value of a control and allow click-and-drag adjustment, or direct control via the keyboard. Using the mouse, click-and-drag on the value window to adjust. Some value windows support left/right, some up/down (as you hover over a button, arrows will appear to let you know which direction of movement that button supports). Using the arrow keys, click once with mouse to select the button, and then use up/down left/right (depending on the direction supported by that button) to move in the smallest incremental steps across the buttons range (holding down the arrow keys will move faster through the range). Using key entry, double click on the button to open the value window, and directly enter the value from your keyboard. If you enter an out of range number, the button stays selected but remains at the current setting (system beeps? If system sounds are on?)

Some processors have link buttons between a pair of value windows, allowing click-and-drag adjustment while retaining the offset between the controls.

Sliders
Click on the slider itself or anywhere within the sliders track. The numerical value of the slider settings is displayed in a hover window above the slider path.

Hover Box
Hovering boxes will appear and display the control value when hovering with the mouse over the control.

TAB Functions
TAB moves the selected status to the next control, with shift-TAB moving in the reverse direction. Additionally, the Mac has an option-TAB function for down movement and shift-option-TAB for up movement where applicable. If you have several Value Window Buttons selected, TAB functions will take you through the selected controls only.

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Appendix A CLA-2A Controls

Control Gain Peak Reduction HiFreq Compressor Mode Analog VU Display Range 0-100 (0.01 steps) 0 to 100 (0.01 steps) 0-100 (0.1 steps) Comp, Limiter Off, 50Hz, 60Hz In, GR, Out Default Initial Value: 40.00 Reset Value: 32.28 (unity gain) Initial Value: 46 Reset Value: 0 Initial Value: 50 Reset Value: 100 Comp Initial Value: 60Hz Reset Value: Off GR

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