Apa
Apa
Apa
This referencing style sheet is to be used in conjunction with the Librarys Referencing Guide. The information is based on the APA 6th edition Publication Manual. American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6 ed.). Washington, DC: Author. This manual is available in the Library. See also http://www.apastyle.org/
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CITATION
The American Psychological Association uses an author-date style of referencing with details entered in round brackets, for example: The traditional approach to human cognition is over-simplified in assuming that processing is typically serial (Eysenck & Keane, 2010). Treatment of multiple authors: When a work has two authors, cite both authors every time. When a work has three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time a reference occurs. In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. See: Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, and Joseph (2007) found that [first time cited] Kisangua et al. (2007) found that [subsequent citations] When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year of publication for the first and subsequent citations.
REFERENCE LIST
The reference list should contain full details of all the sources mentioned in the text, arranged alphabetically by surname of first author.
REFERENCE EXAMPLES
Below are some examples of the more common types of document you might want to reference. Each gives the APA 6th ed. format for the reference, followed by an example. Treatment of multiple authors within reference list: When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors names then insert three ellipses and add the last authors name. See: Kisangau, A., Lyaruu, B., Hosea, C., Joseph, D., Rogers, T., Tylee, C., . . . Humphreys, L. J. (2007). Psychology. Birmingham: ABC Press
Book Authors surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. Cowen, R. (2005). History of life (4 ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. Book with two authors / editors Authors names. (Year of publication). Title(xx ed. if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. Fahy, J., & Jobber, D. (2012). Foundations of marketing (4 ed.). London: McGraw-Hill. Book with editor(s) instead of author(s) Editors surname, Initials. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. Morgan, W. J. (Ed.). (2007). Ethics in sport (2nd ed.). Leeds: Human Kinetics. Book with corporate author Corporate author. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Place of publication: Author. The Open University. (2007). Understanding cardiovascular diseases. Milton Keynes: Author. NB When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. Book usually known by its title Title. (Year of publication). (xx ed. if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. Collins English dictionary. (2005). (7th ed.). Glasgow: HarperCollins. One chapter / paper from a collection in a book Author of chapters surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In: Initials of first editor, Surname of first editor & Initials of second editor, Surname of second editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xx-xx). Place of publication: Publisher. Worobec, C. D. (2012). Russian peasant womens culture : Three voices. In W. Rosslyn & A. Tosi (Eds.), Women in nineteenth-century Russia: Lives and culture (pp. 41-62). Cambridge: Open Book. Newspaper article Authors surname, Initials. (Year of publication, Month of publication Day of publication). Title of article. Title of newspaper, pp. xx-xx. Gentleman, A. (2012, March 31). The rules for mums and dads. The Guardian, pp. 48-49. Thesis / dissertation from a university outside the US APA uses American terminology so please refer to Publication Manual for detailed guidance. The example below is for a doctoral thesis found on a Swedish institutional repository: Author surname, Initials. (Year of award). Title of thesis (Level of award, Awarding institution). Retrieved from URL Calborm, P.(2000). Carbody and passengers in rail vehicle dynamics (Doctoral thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden). Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3029
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Government publication Corporate author. (Date of publication). Title of report. Place of publication: Author. Drinking Water Inspectorate. (2011). Drinking water 2010: Private water supplies in England. London: Author. Television broadcast Writers surname, Initials. (Writer), & Directors surname, Initials. (Director). (Year of broadcast). Title of episode [Television series episode]. In Executive Producers Initial. Executive Producers surname (Executive producer), Title of TV series. Country of origin (or US State): Broadcasting company. Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting. Electronic version of a print book Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title. Retrieved from URL. Hopkins, D. (2008). A teacher's guide to classroom research. Retrieved from http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=195309 Electronic version of a republished book Author surname, Initials. (Year of release in electronic format). Title. Retrieved from URL (Original year work was published) Hooke, R. (2005). Micrographia. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15491/15491-h/15491-h.htm (Original work published 1664) Journal article Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Article title. Journal title, Volume number(part), page numbers. McFall, L. (2011). A good, average man: Calculation and the limits of statistics in enrolling insurance customers. Sociological review, 59(4), 661-684. Electronic journal article without DOI Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Article title. Journal title, Volume number(part), page numbers. Retrieved from URL Rojas, J. C., & Gonzales-Lima, F. (2011). Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain. Eye and Brain, 3(1), 49-67. Retrieved from http://www.dovepress.com/low-level-light-therapy-of-the-eye-and-brain-peer-reviewed-article-EB Electronic journal article with DOI Authors surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Article title. Title of journal, Volume number(part), page numbers xx-xx. doi: McFall, L. (2011). A good, average man: Calculation and the limits of statistics in enrolling insurance customers. Sociological Review, 59(4), 661-684. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02033.x