Hazrat Umar(R.

A) 23 August 6347 November 644

Class: Bs-AF Semester:2 Presentes by: Mirza Shoaib Asghar

Presented to: Dr. Farooq Solangi

HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (Radi Allah Unho)

INTRODUCTION
Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khab(RA) (Arabic ), c. 581 644[1]) c. 2 November (Dhu al-Hijjah 26, 23 Hijri[2]), was a leading companion and adviser to the Islamic prophet Muhammad who later became the second Muslim Caliph after Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) death. After converting to Islam in the 6th year after Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) first revelation, He spent 17 years as a companion of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH). He succeeded Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr(RA) on 23 August 634, and played a significant role in Islamic history. Under his rule the Islamic empire expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the whole territory of the former Sassanid Empire and more than two thirds of the Byzantine Empire.His legislative abilities, his firm political and administrative control over a rapidly expanding empire and his brilliantly coordinated attacks against the Sassanid Persian Empire that resulted in the conquest of the Persian empire in less than two years, marked his reputation as a great political and military leader.

EARLY LIFE
Hazrat Umar(RA) was born in Mecca to the Banu Adi clan in 581 A.DHis father was Khattab ibn Nufayl and his mother was Hantammah daughter of Hashaam. He is said to have belonged to a middle class family. In His youth He used to tend to his fathers camels in the plains near Mecca. His father was famed for his intelligence among his tribe, and is believed to have been a ruthless man and emotional polytheist who often treated Hazrat Umar(RA) badly.Hazrat(RA) Umar learned to read and write in his youth.Although not a poet himself, he developed a love for poetry and literature.According to the tradition of Quraish, while still in his teenage years, Umar learned martial arts, horse riding and wrestling. He was blond white skined with redness in his face, tall and physically powerful and soon became a renowned wrestler.Hazrat Umar(RA) was also a gifted orator, and due to his intelligence and overwhelming personality, he succeeded his father as an arbitrator of conflicts among the tribesIn addition, Hazrat Umar(RA) followed the traditional profession of the Quraish. He became a merchant and had several journeys to Rome and Persia, where he is said to have met various scholars and analyzed the Roman and Persian societies closely. He was the son of Khattab and is famous in Islamic history as "Al Farooq" or "One who Distinguishes between

Right and Wrong." His acceptance of Islam is also very famous.

CONVERSION TO ISLAM
Hazrat Umar(RA) converted to Islam in 616, one year after the Migration to Abyssinia. The story was recounted in Ibn Ishaq's Srah: On the way to murder Prophet Muhammad[pbuh], Umar met his best friend Nu'aim ibn Abdullah who had secretly embraced Islam but he did not tell Hazrat Umar(RA) anything about it. When Umar told him that he was going to kill Prophet Muhammad[pbuh], he was afraid. He knew that Hazrat Umar(RA) would attempt what he said. So just to divert his attention he told him to set his own house in order first, as his sister and her husband had converted to Islam. Umar was taken aback to learn this. Upon arriving at her house, Umar found his sister and brother-in-law Saeed bin Zaid (Umar's cousin), reciting the verses of the Qur'an (Surah Ta Ha).He started quarreling with his brother-in-law . When His sister came to rescue her husband, he also started quarreling with her. Yet still they kept on saying "you may kill us but we will not give up Islam". Upon hearing these words, Hazrat Umar(RA) slapped his sister so hard that she fell to the ground bleeding from her mouth. When he saw what he had done to his sister, out of guilt he calmed down and asked his sister to give him what she was reciting. She gave him the paper on which was written the verses of the chapter Ta-Ha. He was so struck by the beauty of the verses that he became a Muslim that day. He then went to Muhammad[pbuh] with the same sword he intended to kill him with and converted in front of him and his companions. Hazrat Umar(RA) was 27 when he became Muslim.[21] Following his conversion, Umar went to inform the chief of Quraish, Amr ibn Hishm, about his new faith. According to one account, Hazrat Umar thereafter openly prayed at the Kaaba as the Quraish chiefs, Amr ibn Hishm and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, reportedly watched in anger. This further helped the Muslims to gain confidence in practicing Islam openly. At this stage Harzrat Umar(RA) even challenged anyone who dared to stop the Muslims from praying, although no one dared to interfere with Hazrat Umar(RA) when he was openly praying. Hazrat Umar(RA) conversion to Islam gave power to the Muslims and the faith in Mecca. It was after this that Muslims offered prayers openly in Masjid al-Haram for the first time. Abdullah bin Masoud said: Hazrat Umar(RA) embracing Islam was our victory, his migration to Medina was our success and his reign a blessing from Allah, we didn't offer prayers in AlHaram Mosque until Umar accepted Islam, when he accepted Islam Quraish were compelled to let us pray in the Mosque.

MIGRATION TO MEDINA
When the Muslims were ordered to migrate to Medina, most of them left Mecca quietly and secretly, but Hadrat Umar (R.A.) declared it openly. He put on his arms and first went to the Ka'bah. After performing the Salat he announced loudly: "I am migrating to Medina. If anyone wants to check me, let him come out. I am sure that his mother would cry for his life". There was no man in Mecca to accept the challenge of Hadrat Umar (R.A.). Then he migrated to Medina boldly.

UMAR (R.A.) GETS THE TITLE OF "AL-FARUQ

Conversion of Hadrat Umar (R.A.) strengthened Islam. Hitherto, Muslims had lived in constant fear of disbelievers, and most of them were concealing their faith. The Muslims were now able to offer their Salat publicly. When Hadrat Umar (R.A.) became a Muslim he declared his faith openly before the Quraish Chiefs. Though they stared at him but could not do any harm to him. Then he requested the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) to offer Salat in the Ka'bah. On getting the consent of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam), Hadrat Umar led a party of the Muslims to that place. Hadrat Hamzah, who had accepted Islam a few days before Umar (R.A.) carried another party of the Muslims to Ka'bah. When all the Muslims gathered in the Ka'bah they offered their Salat in congregation. The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam) led this first public Salat in the history of Islam. For this courageous and bold action of Hadrat Umar (R.A) the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) gave him the title of "al-Faruq" i.e., the one who makes a distinction between the "Right" (Haqq) and the "Wrong" (Batil).

ELECTION
Before he passed away, Hazrat Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) consulted the senior Sahaba and elected Hazrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) as the second Caliph of the Muslims.

AS A CALIPH
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was a very brave and straight-forward person. He was tough and uncompromising in Islamic principles. He was a great and talented ruler. During his Khilaafat, vast areas of the Roman and Persian empires and the whole of Egypt were brought under Islamic rule. He was also a gifted orator. He was very concerned for the welfare of the Muslims. He left a honourable legacy for Muslims after him. The

Holy Quran was given to him by Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for safekeeping.

THE CONCEPT OF TARAWEEH

Taraweeh, the night prayers during Ramadan, were institutionalized during Hazrat Umar(RA) reign as Caliph. Once when visiting the mosque, he saw different groups of people performing prayers, and suggested to them to join together in performing the prayers. A majority of Sunni Muslims have followed the same practice since then.

APPOINTS NEW COMMANDER

Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anu) was a strong disciplinarian. He noticed the tremendous popularity of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He felt that people will lose trust in Almighty Allah and put all their trust in Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He feared that the people may think too highly of him, thereby possibly increasing the self-esteem of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) which would also breed arrogance, so he removed Sayyiduna Khalid (radi Allahu anhu) and appointed Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (radi Allahu anhu) as the Commander in Chief of the Muslim army. Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) happily accepted the orders of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and then served as an ordinary soldier. This is an example of the Islamic teachings of obedience to leadership!

DEFEAT OF THE PERSIANS

Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) had left Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) in command of the Muslim forces on the Iraqi front when he rushed to Yarmuk. Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was finding it difficult to counter the enemy and went personally to Madinatul Munawwarah to ask Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for re- inforcements. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) had by that time passed away. Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu's) absence from the Iraqi front made things worse there. The Iranians regrouped under the command of Rustam and recaptured the lands taken by the Muslims. Rustam sent 2 columns of his army, one to Hirah and the other to Kaskar.

Islamic Article: Hazrat Umar Farooq (Radi Allah Unho) NooreMadinah Network - http://www.NooreMadinah.net

Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (radi Allahu anhu), as Commander, to deal with the situation. Both the Persian columns were defeated. Rustam sent an even larger army and defeated the Muslims. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) raised another army and defeated the Persians. But the Persian court sent yet another larger army, and forced Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) to withdraw. The report of the new situation was sent to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and reinforcements under the command of Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqqas (radi Allahu anhu) were sent. The Persian and Muslim army met at Qadisiyah. After a long battle on several fronts, the outnumbered Muslim army defeated the 120 000 Persian soldiers and recaptured Hirah and their areas in the year 14 A.H. (636 C.E).

DEFEAT OF THE ROMANS

Muslims laid siege to Damascus during Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu's) rule as Caliph. It continued, after he passed away, and lasted 70 days during the rule of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). After the long siege, Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) took the Romans by surprise and entered the city. The Governor surrendered and a peace treaty was signed.

CONQUEST OF JERUSALEM
Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Amr ibn As (radi Allahu anhu) was laying siege to Jerusalem. Sayyiduna Khalid, Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah and other Sahaba (radi Allahu anhumul ajma'in) also joined him. The Christians had little hope and decided to give in. They also suggested that the keys of Jerusalem be given to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) himself personally. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) went to Jerusalem. An agreement was signed that guaranteed the safety of the city and the safety of the Christians.

ASSASSINATION
A Persian non-Muslim, named Firoz and complained to Hazrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) about his master, Hazrat Mughirah bin Shuba (radi Allahu anhu), who imposed tax on him. Hazrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) told Firoz that the tax was reasonable. This made Firoz angry. The next day, during the Fajr Salaah, he stabbed Hazrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) 6 times in the back, severely wounding the Caliph. Hazrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) passed away 3 days later in 23 A.H. He was 63 years old. He ruled the Islamic State for 10 years, 6 months and 4 days.

REFORMS
1. In a short space of 10 years, Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had been well-known for his outstanding achievements and reforms in Islam. Some of these reforms were:He established the "Baitul Maal" (People's treasury for the state and public). Judicial courts of Justice were set in the country. Judges and Magistrates handled all cases. Establishment of an army headquarters for the defence of the country. Construction of roads and canals. Schools were established. Salaries for Imams, Mu'azzins and Ustaads were organized. Masjids were improved and built in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwarah. This included facilities for the Haajis. Police Stations and prisons were built. Establishment of the first Islamic Lunar calendar beginning from the Hijrah. Proper weights and measures introduced. Population census established. Built orphanages and welfare homes. Established proper punishment system and banned slavery.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

PERSONAL LIFE
Simplicity and devotion were the main characters of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). He used to wear clothes that had many patches and yet received Governors, convoys and diplomats. He took just enough allowance from the State to have a simple meal and wear simple clothes. At times he was very poor. He used to visit the old people and sick and little and even do their house work. He used to visit the houses of the soldiers and inquire about their families. He stayed awake at night in Salaah and often kept Fast. He always supported and upheld the cause of Islam, with his wisdom, energy, dynamism, bravery wealth.

WIVES AND CHILDREN

1. 2. Hadrat Umar (R.A.), married the following women during his lifetime Zainab (R.A.), she accepted Islam but died in Mecca. She was sister of 'Uthman bin Maz'un. 'Abdullah Abdur Rahman (Ist) and lady Hafsah (wife of the Holy Prophet) were the children she bore to Hadrat Umar.

3. 4.

Malkiah bint Jarwal, she did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H. according to Islamic law. She gave birth to'Ubaidullah.
Quraibah bint Abi Ummiyah, she also did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H. The above three marriages had taken place before Umar (R.A.) accepted Islam. After accepting Islam he contracted marriages with the following Ummi Hakim bint-ul-Harith, she gave birth to a girl named Fatimah. Jamilah bint Asim, she gave birth to a son who was named Asim. Though she was a Muslim she was di-vorced because of some other reason. Umm Kulthum bint Hadrat'Ali (R.A.), she was married in the year 17 A.H. She gave birth to Ruqayyah and Zaid. 'Atikah (R.A.)

5. 6. 7. 8.

CHILDREN
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8.

Umm-ul-Mu'minin Hadrat Hafsah (R.A.) the chaste wife of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) . Ruqayyah, she was the youngest daughter of Hadrat Umar. 'Abdullah........son 'Ubaidullah...........son 'Asim...........son Abu Shahmah.......son
'Abd-ur-Rahman.......son Zaid........son

REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar http://www.iecrcna.org/publications/articles/Hazrat_Umar_ibn_al_Khattab_r a.pdf