CLASS 2

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

We use four basic tenses to speak about future actions in English, in this class we will take a look at the rules and uses; we will then see some exercises to practice. will-future going to-future Simple Present Present Progressive

planned action in prediction, the future; future action is fixed planned action in the assumption; logical (e.g. timetable) near future spontaneous action consequence (sth. is going to happen)

There is often very little difference between the future tenses. It often depends where you live (in Britain or the USA) and when you use the sentence (in spoken or written communication). In newspapers we often use the will-future, when the going to-future is used in oral communication. Newspaper: Oral: The headmaster will close the old gym. The headmaster is going to close the old gym.

We can substitute the going to-future with the Present Progressive when using an expression of time. She is going to see Frank at the airport at 8.30. She is seeing Frank at the airport at 8.30. Form will-future going to-future Simple Present Present Progressive

will + infinitive

infinitive to be 3rd person singular (am, are, is) +going (he, she, to +infinitive it)infinitive + -s

to be (am, are, is) +infinitive + -ing

CLASS 2 Examples will-future going to-future We are going to fly to Leeds in summer.

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

Simple Present

Present Progressive

He will carry this bag for you.

The train leaves at 6.45.

I am going to a party tonight.

will-future

going to-future We are not going to fly to Leeds in summer.

Simple Present

Present Progressive

He will not carry this bag for you.

The train does notleave at 6.45.

I am not going to a party tonight.

will-future

going to-future

Simple Present

Present Progressive

Are we going to Will he carry this fly to Leeds in bag for you? summer?

Does the Am I going to a trainleave at 6.45? party tonight?

Now on the following pages we will see them in a bit more detail

CLASS 2 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

For the simple future tense we use the auxiliary verb WILL Use 1) Future actions happen without the speaker's intention The sun will shine tomorrow. 2) Predictions, assumptions I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm. 3) Spontaneous actions Hang on! I'll have a word with you.

Form Subject + will + infinitive Subject + will +not + infinitive Examples Affirmative sentences: He will play football. He'll play football. Negative sentences: He will not play football. He won't play football. or He'll not play football.

CLASS 2 Questions:

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

1) Questions without question words in the will-future Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Yes/No Subject Auxiliary (+ n't) will. will not. won't. will will not. won't.

Yes, Will you lend him the book? No, No, Yes, Will Jane arrive on time? No, No, 2) Questions with question words in the will-future Question word Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Answer

I I I she she she

When

will

you

send

me the e-mail?

I will send you the e-mail tonight.

What

will

we

need

for the party? We will need cola, sandwiches and crisps.

Note: Use will every time regardless the subject. The verb is used in the infinitive.

CLASS 2 INTENDED FUTURE FORM Uses 1) Planned actions in the future We are going to sing at the party.

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

2) You are certain that something is going to happen in the future. Look at that car! It is going to crash into the yellow one. Form Subject + to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive Subject + to be (am, are, is) +not + going to + infinitive Examples Affirmative sentences: I am going to play handball. I'm going to play handball. You are going to play handball. You're going to play handball.

Negative sentences: I am not going to play handball. I'm not going to play handball. You are not going to play handball. You're not going to play handball. You aren't going to play handball.

Questions: Am I going to play handball? Are you going to play handball?

CLASS 2

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

1) Questions without question words in the going to-future Auxiliary Subject going to Verb Rest Yes/No Subject Auxiliary (+ n't) am. am not.

Yes, Are you going to watch TV tonight? No, No, Yes, No, No, No,

I I I'm not. she she she she isn't.

is. is not. isn't.

Is

Hillary

going to

read

a book over the weekend?

2) Questions with question words in the going to-future Question word Auxiliary Subject going to Verb Rest Answer

Where

are

you

going to

spend

your summer holidays?

I am going to spend my summer holidays in Italy. I'm going to spend my summer holidays in Italy. He is going to have a pizza.

What

is

Frank

going to

have

for dinner? He's going to have a pizza.

CLASS 2 Note:

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

Use is with the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), am with the 1st person singular (I) and in all other persons are. Use going to and the infinitive# after the subject in all persons. ATTENTION!! Do not mix up with the Present Progressive! going to-future He's going to read the book. Present Progressive He's reading the book.

SIMPLE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples: The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. When do we board the plane? The party starts at 8 o'clock. When does class begin tomorrow?

CLASS 2

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

Present Continuous tense for the future We can use the present continuous tense to talk about the future - if we add a future word!! We must add (or understand from the context) a future word. "Future words" include, for example, tomorrow, next year, in June, at Christmas etc. We only use the present continuous tense to talk about the future when we have planned to do something before we speak. We have already made a decision and a plan before speaking.

I am taking my exam next month. past present A firm plan or programme exists now. future The action is in the future.

Examples: We're eating in a restaurant tonight. We've already booked the table.. They can play tennis with you tomorrow. They're not working. When are you starting your new job? In these examples, we have a firm plan or program before speaking. The decision and plan were made before speaking.

CLASS 2

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

1. I'm hungry - Oh, I __________________ (make) you a sandwich.

2. He __________________ (study) Law at Sheffield University next year.

3. Oh darling! I love you so much, __________________ (you/marry) me?

4. The flight __________________ (leave) at 8 p.m.

5. Look at those clouds! It __________________ (rain) any minute.

6. Jack __________________ (meet) Kim tomorrow afternoon.

7. I think he __________________ (be) very successful.

8. When __________________ (visit) me next year?

9. Class __________________ (begin) at 9, it __________________ (begin) at 10.

10. As soon as she arrives in Manchester she __________________ (give) you a call.

11. Look at those clouds on the horizon! It is __________________ (rain) soon.

12. Who do you think __________________ (win) the next national elections?

13. We are __________________ (fly) to Warsaw next week for a meeting with the advisory board.

CLASS 2

THE FUTURE TENSES

KEVIN KEEFE (93175658)

14. I promise you: I __________________ (finish) my homework on time next week.

15. I'll take this letter to the post office when I __________________ (go) into town this afternoon.

NOW SOME QUESTIONS What are your expectations for 2013? What changes will you experience during 2013? What will be the big news in Chile during 2013? What will happen in the world during 2013? Who will be the winners and losers in 2013?