IS : 2974 ( Part 5 ) - 1987

(Reaffirmed 1993)

Indian Standard

( Reaffirmed 1998 )

CODEOFPRACTICEFOR DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONOF MACHINEFOUNDATIONS

PART 5 FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPACT MACHINES OTHER THAN HAMMER (FORGING AND STAMPING PRESS, PIG BREAKER, DROP CRUSHER AND JOLTER )

( First Revision )
Second Reprint FEBRUARY 1998

UDC

624.159.11

@ Copyright 1988

BUREAU
MANAK
Gr 2

OF

INDIAN
NEW DELHI

STANDARDS
ZAFAR MARC I10002

BHAVAN,

9 BAHADUR SHAH

Aky 1988

IS : 2974 ( Part

5 ) - 1987

Indian Standard

CODEOFPRACTICEFOR DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTION MACHINE FOUNDATIONS

OF

PART 5 FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPACT MACHINES OTHER THAN HAMME.R ( FORGING AND STAMPING PRESS, PIG BREAKER, DROP CRUSHER AND JOLTER ) (

First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
machines hammers. and equipment other than the

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part !? ) ( First Revision ) was, adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 26 September 1987, after the draft finalized by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 The installation of machines and equipments such as forging, sheet metal and stamping presses, pig breakers and jolters involves careful design of their foundations taking into consideration the impact and related vibration characteristics of the load and the condition of 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is comthe soil on which the foundation rests. While plied with, the final value, observed or calculamany of the special features relating to design ted, expressing the result of a test or analysis, and construction of such machine foundations shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2will have to be as advised by the manufacturers 1960*. The number of significant places retaiof these machines, still most of the details will ned in the rounded off value should be the have to be according to the general principles same as that of the specified value in this of design. This standard lays down the general standard. principles of planning and design of reinforced _ concrete foundations supporting impact causing *Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part 5 ) deals with design and construction of block type foundations of reinforced concrete for the installation of the following machines: a) Forging, sheet metal and stamping presses, b) Scrap breakers or pig breakers, and c) Jolters. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2974 ( Part 1 )-1982* shall apply.
*Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations: Part 1 Foundation for reciprocating type machines ( second rekion ). 1

0.3 This standard was first published in 1970. This revision has been prepared based on general experience gained in the implementation of this standard in the past 15 years. The principal modifications made in this revision are deletion of elevator and hoist tower structures ( which do not fit into the scope of this code ), and inclusion of provisions for the foundations for jolters.

3. NECESSARY

DATA

3.1 The following information shall be obtained from the manufacturers of the machinery for guidance in design, a) Forging Sheet Metal and Stamping Presses 1) Layout and outline drawing of the installation, 2) Details of anchor bolts and other embedded parts, Pressure to be exerted by the press 3) (P ), 4) Stroke of the press ( S ), 5) Weight of the cross head ( we ), 6) Gross weight ( wp ), to be forged 7) Weight of material (%I)>

Ist2874(PutS)-1987 8) Load-time relationship of the pulse realized during the action of the press (p versus t), 9) Dynamic force and moment in the case of eccentric presses ( M ), and 10) Height and cross section of steel columns. b) Pig and Scrap Breaker Installations 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) As in (a) (1) above, As in (a) (2) above, Weight of ram and.height of fall, Weight df pig scrap, and Constructional loads. be taken to make a resilient connection using rubber, cork, falt or any other soft resilient material. 4.1.3 Overhanging cantilever supports for walkways shall be avoided as far as possible. Where unavoidable, they shall be designed to ensure adequate rigidity against vibrations. 4.2 Permissible
Stressem

stresses for steel and concrete as specified in IS : 456-1978* may be allowed if dynamic loads are considered in detail design by applying suitable dynamic and fatigue factors. 4.2.2 The approximate values of dynamic elastic modulus of concrete for different grades is given below: Grade of Concrete Dynamic Elastic Modulus kgf/cms M-20 M-25 M-30 300 oco 340 000 370 000

4.2.1 Full value of permissible

c) jwtcl

1) As in (a) (1) above 2) As in (a) (2) above 3) Weight of jolting table

4) 5) 6) 7)

with rated charge on it ( wt ), Weight of anvil ( W, ), Frequency of jolts ( Blows/min ), Height of fall of the table or stroke (s),and Maximum pressure of the steam/ compressed air ( p ).

3.2 Data of Ground and Site ConditionsThe following soil data shall be known:

4.2.3 Soil - The soil stress below the foundationq under the combined static and dynamic loads shall not exceed 80 percent of the allowable stress under static loading determined in accordance with IS : 6403- 198 It. 4.2.4 When seismic forces are considered in design, the allowable stresses in soil may be increased as specified in IS : 1893-19841. 4.3 General
Provisions of Design

b)

Soil profile and soil characteristics up to a depth at least 3 times the mean plan dimensions of the foundation (which can be taken as the square root of the expected area) or hard strata, whichever is less. &ii investigation to the extent necessary in accordance with IS : 18921979* and for determination of dynamic properties of the soil in accordance with IS : 5249.1977t. The relative position of the water table below ground at different times of the year. CRITERIA

b)

4. DESIGN 4.1 General

The centre of gravity of the machine as well as the foundation shall preferably lie on the same vertical line passing through the centroid of the base area. The natural frequency of the foundation soil system ( or, ) shall not be a whole number multiple of the operating frequency of impact ( w,,, ). To avoid resonance, the following inequality relation is suggested: 0.7 >

4.1.1 To avoid transmission of vibration, no part of the machine foundation shall be allowed to have a rigid contact with parts of adjoining structures. For best isolation, a gap is recommended between parts of the machine foundation and adjacent structures. 4.1.2 In case it becomes necessary to sup port unimportant parts of a neighbouring structures, sensitive to vibration measures shall *Code of practice for subsurface foundation ( reoirion ). t_A&thod oftesr for determination perties of soil ( r&rion ).

4.4 Dynamic

Analysis

4.4.1 When the Duration of Impact is Nt-$i&ble but the E$ect of Repeated Blows ( Poriodrcity of Blows ) needs to be Considered : The amplitude ( A ) of the foundation considered as a rigid body resting on a spring ( represented by soil
*Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( third rczGion ). tCode of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations (/irst revision ). $Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures ( f/zird revision ).

jirst firrf

investigltioo of dynamic

for pro-

IS:2974(Part5)-1997 springs or other underlayers as the case may be obtained from the relation: A = I
24/kmSinrr II b) Steb 2 - Obtain the dvnamic magnification factor corresp&nding to the period ratio tl/T, where tl is the duration of the blow. Fig. 1 gives values of

( I 1 where I.is the impact momentum, k is the stiffness of the subgrade of the foundation, m is the

1 for three standard forms of pulse loading where 9 is dynamic magnification factor. For any other arbitrary
dynamic loading, rigorous needs to be carried out. analysis

total mass of the machine foundation, II is the periodicity of blows and I is the natural period. As a measure of simplification, in cases where the impulse momentum is not specified, the amplitude of motion of the foundation body may be obtained from the following approximate relation: A =
2w,

Step 3 -

The dynamic force Fd may be obtained from the relation: Fa = fq pd

WV
WSinn

,.-st

11 __

Where 6 is the fatigue factor which may be taken as two for normal machinery and Pd is the peak dynamic force induced by the machine in each blow.

Dis terminal velocity and w,, is natural frequency.

4.4.2 When the Durution of Impact k flat NegLigible, and the Eflect of One Blow Alone need be Consideredz Following steps may be followed:

where W is falling weight,

4.5 Forging and Stamping

Presses

4.5.1 Forging sheet metal and stamping presses may be hydraulic, eccentric or friction type. The dynamic analysis of the foundation may be carried out as explained in 4.4. 4.5.2 Alternatively, for stamping machines having anchor columns and resting on hard
rock, in the absence of pressure time data the dynamic magnification factor may be obtained from and the relation the dg~

a) step I -

Obtain the natural period ( I ) of the foundation-soil system as given in IS : 2974 ( Part I )-1982*.

*Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundations *: Part 1 Foundation for reciprocating type machine.9 (seconff revision).

--

where 8 = area

___

Wh EA

being

height and

of cross

P RECTANGULAR

o-2

O-4

O-6

O-8

1-o

l-2

1-L

1-6

l-8

IMPULSE
Fro. 1

RATIO,

tl/

DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR THREE SrANDaRD PIJUES 3

IS I 2974 ( Part 5 ) - 1987 section of anchor columns, W is the weight of the machine without the cross head and V is the velocity at the middle of stroke ( S ) given by 2xfmS, f ,,, being the operating frequency of the moving cross head in cvcles/sec. In the case of large eccentric presses, other forms of dynamic loads also occur. For design purposes, a dynamic moment equal to five times the normal torque and dynamic force equal to five times the centrifugal force, both acting at the centre of the fly wheel may be considered. 4.6 Pig Breakers
or Scrap Breakers

and designed and placed in accordance with IS : 456-1978*. Concrete should be specified on the basis of 28 days cube strength and shall be of grade not less than M-20. 5.2 The concrete used should be of plastic consistency without excessive water. A slump of 5 to 8 cm is allowable. The same consistency should be maintained throughout the concreting. 5.3 Continuous concreting should be done as far as possible for the entire block leaving provisions for grouting. 5.4 If a construction joint is unavoidable, the plane of joint shou1.d be horizontal and measures should be taken to ensure perfect bond at the joint. Reinforcement should be continuous across the joint. Before placing the new layer of concrete, the previously laid surface should be roughened, thoroughly cleaned and washed by a jet of water and then covered by a layer of rich 1:2 cement grout 2-cm thick. Concrete should be placed not later than 2 hours after the grout is laid. 5.5 Grouting of the machine bed plate and the pockets of anchor bolts should be done in a condnuous operation. The surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned prior to grouting. All exposed surfaces should be made rough so as to secure good bond with the fresh concrete. Cement grout with non-shrinkage additive should be used for purpose of grouting. 5.6 All units of foundation should be provided with reinforcements both ways and amount of reinforcement should be not less than 25 kg/ms of concrete. 5.7 The minimum diameter of bar should be 12 mm and the maximum spacing 200 mm in order to take care of shrinkage in concrete. Unless specified otherwise, the concrete cover for the protection of reinforcement should be a minimum of 75 mm thick at the bottom and 50 mm thick on the sides and top. 5.8 Foundation anchored. bolts should be properly

4.6.1 Hammers inducing very high impact energy should be located, as far as possible, from other structures susceptible to vibration, namely laboratory buildings, shops, housing precision equipment and complete process lines, etc.

4.6.2 The foundation for crushing platform should preferably be designed as a hollow cylinder or hollow cup and made of RCC and filled with well compacted sand. and scrap ingots to increase the crushing efficiency.
4.6.3 The crushing anvil may also be placed on RCC block in a rectangular or circular well. Block foundation under the anvil should be made of richer concrete and suitably reinforced to withstand the high impact energy.

4.6.4 Timber battens should be suspended on hinges from a metallic ring installed above the wall and tied to each other at places by a rope so that they can intercept the flying chips. Rubber lining may also be provided at the inner face for the same purpose. 4.7 Jolters
4.7.1 Block foundations supporting jolter tables often used in foundry-forge plants are designed following the procedure outlined in 4.4. The moving weight in a jolter installation is the total weight of the jolter table together with the charge on it. 5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

ing structures

5.1 The concrete

for foundations and supportshould be controlled concrete

*Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( l/&drevision ). 4

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Amendments Amend No. Date of Issue

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