Network Evolution – Driving

forces and influences on the

physical Network
Agenda

ƒ Network Evolution
ƒ New IEC Standards for FO connectivity
ƒ NGON New Generation Optical Networks
15 Years ago…
…and today’s VISIONS…

UNLIMITED BANDWIDTH
for
EVERYBODY, at ANYTIME
and ...
…EVERYWHERE
Migration of Network infrastructure

Old World New

World
More applications means more broadband
e - learning Professional application
Network of schools & universities, Video-conferences, research,

International integration media-data (picture, audio, video)

e - entertainment Teleworking
Online gaming, Video, Pay TV Homework,
Protection of jobs on the country

e - government Security
Electronic tax-explanation Long-distance supervision,
Video surveillance of traffic

e - health Personal convenience

Medical applications (Medika, X-ray) e-banking, peer to peer networking
Health insurance
IP-Based Interaction Technologies
…offer NEW capabilities
Integrated communication capabilities enable rich-media
interactions…

…and extend the reach of interactions to involve multiple parties.

That has influences on data transmission…
AND the physical Network

Move MORE. Move FASTER Move it FURTHER

Ö Information Ö Broadband Ö Distance
Consumers have discovered interactive gaming, multimedia, streaming video
and other bandwidth-intensive applications......they need
...more Broadband and SPEED !!
Fiber or Copper?

Upstream DSL speeds much smaller

DSL speeds decrease as distance from Exchange increases
Fiber satisfies all requirements: bandwidth, distance and speed !
Use of broadband per segment increases
Near Term Applications

Minimum requirements for a new network > 50 Mbps

Future needs will be much greater (peer-peer, telemedicine, 3D-TV, ….)
Evolution of picture quality

Samsung are saying:

New Generation of 3D TVs will need 300 Mbit/s data streams.
 Increasing Services… adds Complexity
• Grow revenues with new
services (current and new
subscribers)

IPTV Challenge:
~30 Mbps VoD How to increase revenues
and
~6 Mbps VIDEO VIDEO
Minimize Network failures

~3 Mbps BB BB BB • New services require more in-

DATA DATA DATA home devices and complexity
in the network
VOICE/ VOICE /
64 kbps VOICE / VOICE /
Dial up VOIP • More complexity means more
VOIP VOIP
DATA customers need more support
PSTN DSL VDSL PON
COMPLEXITY
Revenue Potential (Home)
WORLDWIDE ONLINE GAMING HOME NETWORKING MARKET
$17.1
B
2003 $1.9B 06%
1
2006 $5.2B $8.3B
2009 $9.8B
Source: DFC Intelligence,
2004 2008

ON DEMAND MOVIES FROM THE INTERNET

20
Households (%)

16

10

6
Source: Parks Associates
Research 0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
The Goal: NGN (Next Generation Network)
What are the requirements for NGN?

99.999 % network security

y enough bandwith reserve for future data
flow (prevention of “stranded” investments)

y highest possible system security thanks to

quality products

y modularity for simple and fast upgrades

y easy, customized solutions
y secure, easy and clearly arranged cable
management (maintanance, service)

y excellent support and consultancy

What are the requirements for NGN?

FO
Copper

High-performance fiber optic and copper networks have to meet ever increasing
demands concerning transmission performance and operational reliability.

In particular, the quality of passive components plays an important role

Investment Expenditure in comparison with
service life

Ratio of investment expenditure to service life in various IT segments. The central

importance of cabling is often underestimated.
Agenda

ƒ Network Evolution
ƒ New IEC Standards for FO connectivity
ƒ NGON New Generation Optical Networks
New Standards for Connectors IEC 61753-1

• Class A = Singlemode (high-end performance)

• Class B = Singlemode (advanced performance)

• Class C = Singlemode (standard performance)

• Class D = Singlemode (economic performance)

• Class M = Multimode
General information's

Optical Interface IEC 61755-1 and IEC 61755-2-1,

Performance Grades A to C

1. Only the parameters for ceramic ferrules are prepared and released.

2. Compatibility of other technologies have to be tested and approved.

Performance reductions have to be declared.

3. Importent values are defined in a check list.

4. All other ferrule materials have to be specified in extra documents.

New Standard IEC 61755-1
Optical Interfaces

≤ 0.15dB ≤ 0.07dB
Low Loss system extends reach

Source: Alcatel-Lucent
Agenda

ƒ Network Evolution
ƒ New IEC Standards for FO connectivity
ƒ NGON New Generation Optical Networks
NGON – FTTx means
Delivering a Gigabit of bandwidth to enable new services

GPON = Gigabit Passive Optical Network home ONU

Voice
Data
Video CATV Video Video
Network Headend

Fibre-to-the-home
PON
IP Data / Video mdu ONU
Voice
IP Data
Network Data
VoIP Gateway
Video

edge Fibre-to-the MDU

Voice TDM Voice / Data

Network biz ONU
Voice
Data
OLT
Video

Fibre-to-the-business
ONUs
FTTH Network Technologies
Active Ethernet (AE)
• PtP connections via an Ethernet switch
• Typical range 10km (max 40 – long reach-)
• Attractive for Multi-dwelling Units
Home Run
• PtP connections
• Typical range 10km (max 40)
• Attractive for corporate customers

Power Split
• Shared (TDMA) medium upstream; 20km (max 60)
• 32-128 customers per Passive Optical Network
• Variants BPON, EPON and GPON (for mass market )

Wavelength Division Multiplexed PON (WDM-PON)

• Light color per customer
• Under standardization
• High bandwidth per customer
FTTH Network Topology (architecture)
Basically, there are 3 Architectures for fiber deployment

P2P (point to point)

P2MP (point to multi point)

Active Star (combination with copper)

P2P network topology using fiber pairs
Point-to-Point (P2P) connectivity

- Cost of fiber plant + Future proof architecture

- Fiber management at CO + Unlimited bandwidth
- TxRx management at CO + Lowest equip cost
+ Same as current telco wired topology
P2MP topology using single fibres and splitters
TDM – PON Basics
TDM – PON strengths and weaknesses
 Comparison between P2P AND P2MP PON

P2P +
P2P -
ƒ Virtually unlimited bandwidth per customer
ƒ Higher cabling CAPEX than PON
ƒ Fiber topology is technologically neutral
ƒ Requires more facilities: higher OPEX
ƒ Enables technology competition
ƒ Allows unbundling at the physical layer

PON + PON -
ƒ Less fibers ƒ IPTV limited
ƒ Less space (CO, underground pipes) ƒ Interoperability
ƒ Less investment ƒ Higher cost (CPE)
ƒ Impact of suppliers
PON introduction
PON High capacity and efficient use of bandwidth allows many
applications and Flexible network configurations
PON Background
PONs provide cost-effective access systems because the
transmission fiber and the central office equipment can be shared by
several customers.

PON systems are popular as major FTTx systems around the world.

Access network
ONU
Optical fiber
Optical splitter
OLT
ONU

OLT : Optical Line Terminal ONU

ONU: Optical Network Unit
PON Fundamentals
Total Loss Budget of a PON

Defined by the standards.

The ITU organization will specify
the maximum loss in order to get
an “error free ”transmission:
PON Standards

Source: R&M white paper Broadband for the future by Patrick Gähwiler
The requirements of a FTTH PON network
CUTOMER PREMISES

CENTRAL OFFICE

OUTSIDE PLANT
The requirements of a FTTH PON network

CENTRAL OFFICE
• High fiber optic termination density
• Security is needed
• Modularity to support future development
• Space saving
The requirements of a FTTH PON network

OUTSIDE PLANT
• Flexibility
• Environmental protection
• Upgradable
• Easy handling
The requirements of a FTTH PON network

CUTOMER PREMISES
• Simplicity
• Safety
• Modularity
Required PON components
Splitters:
OLT: Aerial and buried; 1x32, 16, 8, Drop Terminal:
Optical Line Termination 4, connectorized or spliced Aerial and buried
Located at the CO One or Multiple splitter stages Connectorized or spliced

ONT:
WDM coupler:
Optical Network Termination
Combines 1490nm+1310nm with 1550nm
Located at the Premises
Different choices for splitter placement
The two common splitter configurations are the cascaded and the
centralized approaches

When splitters are cascaded together,

loss will occur at each device. The
combined loss effect can reduce the
distance.

The centralized splitter minimizes that signal

loss by eliminating extra splices and/or
connectors from the distribution network.
 Operating wavelengths ranges acc. ITU
In accordance to the ITU-T G.938.1 recommendation , every splitter used in
FTTH application has to work at least @ 3 wavelengths :

• 1310nm ( data / voice upstream )

• 1490nm ( data / voice downstream)
• 1550nm ( video signal )

A fourth wavelength is required e.g. 1650nm for upstream OTDR testing from ONT.
Splitter / Coupler Technology

Signal splitting issues

following parameters are important for the selection of splitters
broad operating wavelength range
low insertion loss and uniformity in any conditions
dimensions and implementation in existing infrastructure
High reliability

Available technology
There are two different technical approaches to solve the signal splitting
Issues
Fused splitters or FBT
Planar splitters or PLC
 Splitter / Coupler Technology - FBT

FBT = Fused Biconical Taper

y a little piece of the primary coating is removed
y simultaneous fusing and tapering of the glass
fiber
y the simultaneous process generates coupling
zones
y the duration of the tapering process determines
the coupling ratio
y => Result: 2 x 2 coupler with two input
and two output fibers
• The second input fiber is closed off reflection-
free => Result: 1 x 2 coupler
Splitter / Coupler Technology - PLC

• PLC= Planar Light wave Circuit 10x47

• Planar technology is the latest in mm
passive, fiber-optic component
manufacturing. It uses
semiconductor techniques, to build
compact, fiber-optic devices. This
technique displaces fused-
biconical taper devices for high-
count splitters (e.g. 1x32) The
resulting devices are smaller, more
robust and a lot more expensive.
FTTH PON physical splitter placement
Cat5 / Cat6
FTTB/P twisted pair
T
O T
O T
Central Office drop enclosure O T
O

PON
Business
AON
Distribution – Hub FTTC
Cabinet / ODF

FTTH
Metro Ring

DSLAM
POP (VDSL)

WiMax
FTTH PON physical splitter placement / ratio
The final splitting ratio can be achieved using a single splitter device
FTTH PON physical splitter placement / ratio
The ITU G.983.1 standard recommends splitting the signal up to 32 users.

cascaded series, such as :

1x8 + 1x4 or 1x16 + 1x2
FTTH PON typical system architecture
 xWDM Technology

What is WDM?
WDM stands for Wavelength Division Multiplexing.
WDM is a technology which multiplexes several signals on a single fibre by using
different wavelength to carry different signals. This allows for a n-fold increase in
capacity, in addition to making it possible to perform bidirectional.

The most common are WDM, CWDM and DWDM:

WDM: multiplexing 2 wavelength (1310nm/1550nm)
CWDM: multiplexing up to 8 wavelength (20nm channel spacing)
DWDM: multiplexing up to 160 wavelength (1.6nm [200GHz] and
0.8nm [100GHz] channel spacing)
1WDM / CWDM / DWDM

New services are added, digitally Wavelengths are

virtualized into digital bandwidth
WDM application @ central office CO
CO Fiber Management to implement the Video signal in the existing FO Network
 DWDM and CWDM Technology
CWDM – Coarse WDM Technology for un-amplified, lower channel count applications.
Less cost than DWDM. Ideal for Metro Access applications. Characterized by a wide
channel spacing over a wide optical spectrum – 20 nm spacing from 1270 – 1610 nm
1310

1610
1330

1370

1390

1530
1290

1350

1430

1470

1490

1510

1550

1570

1590
1270

1450
1410
O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band

λ(nm)1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640 λ(nm)
CWDM WINDOW
CWDM for BW requirements
16 MDU buildings
- 12 apartments in each Building
- BW Requirements

CWDM
 DWDM and CWDM Technology
DWDM – Dense WDM Technology for amplified, high bandwidth applications. Ideal for
Metro Core, Regional, and Long Haul applications. Squeezes as many channels as
possible into optical spectrum supported by today’s optical amplifier technology.
Characterized by a tight channel spacing over a narrow wavelength spectrum, typically
50 – 200 GHz (I.e. ∼0.4nm – 1.6nm) spacing in the C and L Bands

O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band

λ(nm) 1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640 λ(nm)
1310 nm DWDM WINDOW
DWDM and CWDM Technology
Fused Biconical Taper (FBT):

Similar process as for coupler/splitter. Due to the different mode field

diameter one wavelength couples out. By cascading these devices, many
wavelengths can be demultiplexed

& Low cost

& Low insertion loss
' Low isolation
' Broad pass band
DWDM and CWDM Technology
• Thin Film Filters (TFF):
• TFF‘s are coated with multiple layers of
material that is manufactured using an
ion-assisted physical vapor deposition.
Each layer contains the property of a
different refractive index.
• Particular wavelength are reflected or
transmited.

& Low insertion loss

& High isolation
& Low PMD
& High Return Loss
' To a limited extent applicable for DWDM
WDM-PON is generally considered the
technical end solution
Summary PON

PON is the ideal solution for delivering Broadband services into FTTH
• GPON is the ideal PON solution for FTTH
• GPON over CWDM guarantees even more BW for the future
• Established standards
• Broad industry support
- WDM-PON is the “new kid on the block”
Many thanks for your attention

Questions?