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    End-To-End IP Service Quality and Mobility: - Lecture #6

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    Rishi Nandwana
    This document provides an overview and schedule for a lecture on end-to-end IP service quality and mobility. The lecture will cover characteristics of mobile applications, service quality requirements, challenges in mobile environments, mobility protocols like GPRS, 3GPP, and Mobile IP, as well as end-to-end quality of service management and inter-system mobility. The content is divided into 11 sections to be presented over multiple dates ranging from January to April.

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    End-To-End IP Service Quality and Mobility: - Lecture #6

    Uploaded by

    Rishi Nandwana
    70 views12 pages
    This document provides an overview and schedule for a lecture on end-to-end IP service quality and mobility. The lecture will cover characteristics of mobile applications, service quality requirements, challenges in mobile environments, mobility protocols like GPRS, 3GPP, and Mobile IP, as well as end-to-end quality of service management and inter-system mobility. The content is divided into 11 sections to be presented over multiple dates ranging from January to April.

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    QOS Basics for Cellular Documents

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    This document provides an overview and schedule for a lecture on end-to-end IP service quality and mobility. The lecture will cover characteristics of mobile applications, service quality requirements, challenges in mobile environments, mobility protocols like GPRS, 3GPP, and Mobile IP, as well as end-to-end quality of service management and inter-system mobility. The content is divided into 11 sections to be presented over multiple dates ranging from January to April.

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    70 views12 pages

    End-To-End IP Service Quality and Mobility: - Lecture #6

    Uploaded by

    Rishi Nandwana
    This document provides an overview and schedule for a lecture on end-to-end IP service quality and mobility. The lecture will cover characteristics of mobile applications, service quality requirements, challenges in mobile environments, mobility protocols like GPRS, 3GPP, and Mobile IP, as well as end-to-end quality of service management and inter-system mobility. The content is divided into 11 sections to be presented over multiple dates ranging from January to April.

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    End-to-end IP Service Quality and Mobility

    - Lecture #6 Special Course in Networking Technology S-38.215 [email protected]

    Vilho Risnen

    Planned contents & draft schedule


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Introduction Characteristics of mobile applications Service quality requirement characterizations Challenges of mobile environment Mobility and QoS in GPRS Mobility and QoS in 3GPP systems Mobility and QoS with Mobile IP Mobile IP QoS enhancements Edge mobility Inter-system mobility End-to-end QoS management Summary
    Vilho Risnen

    Jan 13th Jan 20th Jan 27th Feb 3rd Feb 10th Feb 17th Feb 24th (Mar 3rd) (Mar 10th) (Mar 17th) (Mar 31st) (Apr 7th)

    Dates in parentheses to be confirmed

    Agenda
    Taxonomy of 3rd generation systems Design principles of 3GPP systems WCDMA RAN 3GPP QoS model IMS QoS Summary

    Vilho Risnen

    Goals of this lecture


    Types of 3rd generation systems Understanding of 3GPP 3rd generation systems Design principles Architecture WCDMA RAN (UTRAN) 3GPP QoS model IMS

    Vilho Risnen

    Taxonomy of 3rd generation systems


    ITU-R 3rd generation radio interfaces: IMT 2000 WCDMA 3GPP EDGE cdma2000 3GPP systems use WCDMA and EDGE ETSI, ANSI-TI, ARIB, TTC, TTA, CWTS 3GPP2 systems use cdma2000 ARIB, TTC, TR.45, TTA Other fora: 3G.IP: core network IP focus MWIF: functional architecture studies
    [Holma, Toskala]
    Vilho Risnen

    3GPP releases
    R99 UTRAN: WCDMA R4 IP transport extension R5: GERAN Iu mode IMS support R6: WLAN interworking

    Vilho Risnen

    3GPP design philosophy


    Targets: Multi-service support also for RT services
    Delay Reliability

    High spectral efficiency UTRA: UE and RAN redesigned Can interface both to GSM-like CS and PS core networks. End user services are supported using bearers, the properties of which are negotiated with the network. Connection set-up During connection Hide as much of mobility from CN as possible.
    [Holma, Toskala / Wisely et al.]
    Vilho Risnen

    User perspective
    Envisioned end user service types on 3rd generation schedule: Conferencing (includes telephony)
    Voice conferencing Video conferencing

    Streamed content
    Audio Video

    Interactive applications
    Web browsing Network games

    Background
    Background downloading
    Vilho Risnen

    UMTS network architecture

    Other PLMN MSC GMSC

    IP domain UE Nobe B RNC HLR

    GGSN

    GRE Other GPRS domain

    SGSN

    UTRAN

    CN
    Vilho Risnen

    Rles of network elements in UMTS


    UE: capable of managing PDP contexts. Node B: convert data between radio interface (Uu) and UTRAN (Iub); participate to radio resource management. RNC: manage radio resources and handovers, act as a service access point towards CN for all UTRAN services, QoS. SGSN: handles terminal mobility and authentication, radio and GPRS QoS, temporary storage of subscription data. GGSN: edge router for GPRS, IP address allocation, GPRS QoS. HLR: stores subscriber data, including QoS profile.

    Vilho Risnen

    Mobility management in UMTS


    UE states Detached PMM-connected PMM-idle Soft handover possible mobiles communicating via multiple Node Bs simultaneously. RNC manages topological diversity under Node Bs belonging to it. RNC can directly communicate with another RNC (serving / drift RNC). SGSN tracks mobility of UE at the granularity of RNC. RNC relocation message to SGSN (or MSC).
    Vilho Risnen

    UMTS bearers
    UMTS bearer service defines service performance between UE and GGSN. UMTS bearer is requested by UE. UMTS bearer makes use of bearers beneath it. Bearer mapping is not standardized.
    [23.107]
    Vilho Risnen
    UMTS TE MT UTRAN CN Iu EDGE NODE CN Gateway TE

    End-to-End Service

    TE/MT Local Bearer Service

    UMTS Bearer Service

    External Bearer Service

    Radio Access Bearer Service

    CN Bearer Service

    Radio Bearer Service

    Iu Bearer Service

    Backbone Bearer Service

    UTRA FDD/TDD Service

    Physical Bearer Service

    Design principles of 3GPP QoS


    Derivation of QoS attributes from application requirements shall be simple. QoS definitions shall be future proof. QoS has to be provided end-to-end. QoS mechanism have to allow efficient use of radio capacity. Allow evolution of UMTS network. Allow for independent evolution of core and access networks. UMTS shall provide for session-based QoS with possibility for asymmetric bearers on peer-to-peer basis between UE and gateway node.
    [23.107]
    Vilho Risnen

    3GPP QoS profile


    Traffic class ('conversational', 'streaming', 'interactive', 'background') Maximum bit rate (kbps) Guaranteed bit rate (kbps) Delivery order (y/n) Maximum SDU size (octets) SDU format information (bits) SDU error ratio Residual bit error ratio Delivery of erroneous SDUs (y/n/-) Transfer delay (ms) Traffic handling priority Allocation/Retention Priority Source statistics descriptor (speech/unknown)
    [23.107]
    Vilho Risnen

    Value ranges for UMTS bearer


    Traffic class Maximum bitrate (kbps) Delivery order Maximum SDU size (octets) SDU format information Delivery of erroneous SDUs Residual BER SDU error ratio Transfer delay (ms) Guaranteed bit rate (kbps) Traffic handling priority Allocation/Retention priority Source statistic descriptor 1,2,3 Speech/unknown 1,2,3 Speech/unknown Conversational class < 2 048 (1) (2) Yes/No <=1 500 or 1 502 (4) (5) Yes/No/- (6) 5*10-2, 10-2, 5*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 100 maximum value < 2 048 (1) (2) Streaming class < 2 048 (1) (2) Yes/No <=1 500 or 1 502 (4) (5) Yes/No/- (6) 5*10-2, 10-2, 5*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 10-1, 10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 250 maximum value < 2 048 (1) (2) 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 Yes/No/- (6) 4*10-3, 10-5, 6*10-8 (7) 10-3, 10-4, 10-6 Yes/No/- (6) 4*10-3, 10-5, 6*10-8 (7) 10-3, 10-4, 10-6 Interactive class < 2 048 - overhead (2) (3) Yes/No <=1 500 or 1 502 (4) Background class < 2 048 - overhead (2) (3) Yes/No <=1 500 or 1 502 (4)

    [23.107]

    Vilho Risnen

    GERAN
    GERAN can interface both to GPRS and UMTS core networks. Terminal must operate either in GPRS mode (A/Gb mode) or UMTS mode (Iu mode).

    MS

    Um

    BTS

    BSC
    BTS BSS Iur-g BTS Iu-ps Gb A Iu-cs

    BSC
    BTS BSS GERAN GSM/UMTS Core Network

    [43.051]
    Vilho Risnen

    Secondary PDP context


    In GPRS R97/98, simultaneous use of applications with different QoS requirements requires two different PDP contexts two different PDP addresses (APNs) 3GPP R99 secondary PDP context allows differentiated QoS under one APN. Traffic Flow Template (TFT) controls which traffic is mapped to secondary PDP context
    [Wisely et al.]
    Vilho Risnen

    Valid combination types Packet filter attribute Source address Protocol number (IPv4) / Next header (IPv6) Single destination port (or port range) Single source port (or port range) IPsec Security Parameter Index (SPI) Type Of Service (TOS) in IPv4 / Traffic Class in IPv6 Flow Label (IPv6) X I X X X X X X X X II X X II I X

    Secondary PDP context example


    Britney wants to browse the home page of Trio Niskalaukaus. Terminal opens a (primary) PDP context to an APN for WAP browsing. Interactive traffic class. Britney clicks a link for watching an advertisement for Trios new song. UE activates a secondary PDP context. Streaming traffic class. Media stream of streamed video is mapped to the secondary PDP context using TFT. Same APN can be used for both browsing and streaming.

    Vilho Risnen

    UMTS QoS details


    Air interface QoS controlled by Radio Resource Management Admission control Power control Code management Packet scheduling Handover control In 3GPP R4, IP transport can extend up to RNC. IP transport bearers can be managed with same principles as in GPRS. Interworking towards external networks as with GPRS. R5: linking of SIP session QoS to 3GPP QoS possible.
    Vilho Risnen

    3GPP QoS management functions


    TE MT
    Transl. Local Service Control Adm./Cap. Control

    UTRAN
    Adm./Cap. Control

    CN EDGE
    Adm./Cap. Control Subscr. Control

    Gateway
    Adm./Cap. Control Transl.

    Ext. Netw.
    Ext. Service Control

    Control layer

    UMTS BS Manager

    RAB Manager

    UMTS BS Manager

    UMTS BS Manager

    Local BS Manager

    Radio BS Manager UTRA ph. BS M

    Radio BS Manager UTRA ph. BS M

    Iu BS Manager Iu NS Manager

    Adm. Iu BS Contr Manager

    CN BS Manager BB NS Manager

    CN BS Manager BB NS Manager

    Ext. BS Manager

    Iu NS Manager

    protocol interface

    service primitive interface

    User layer

    TE

    MT

    UTRAN

    CN EDGE

    Gateway

    Ext. Netw.

    Class if Cond. Cond. Mapper Resource Manager Mapper Resource Manager Resource Manager

    Class if Cond. Mapper Resource Manager

    Local BS

    Resource Manager

    Resource Manager

    External BS

    UTRA phys. BS

    Iu network service

    BB network service

    data flow with indication of direction

    [23.107]

    Vilho Risnen

    10

    IP Multimedia Subsystem
    3GPP R5 brings with it support for SIP services in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Call State Control Function (CSCF) = SIP proxy. Service signalling between CSCF and UE takes place using SIP. UE activates a suitable bearer for the SIP session.
    Service Platform Home Network

    Serving CSCF

    Mw P-CSCF Gm UE Home/ Visited Network

    Vilho Risnen

    IMS QoS authorization


    GGSN does not participate to SIP signalling. GGSN authorizes QoS for SIP session from Policy Control Function (PCF). PCF has received SDP session parameters from PCSCF, creates authorization token. UE uses token in opening PDP context.

    P-CSCF

    SIP

    PCF

    GGSN Home Network

    UE

    3GPP

    [23.207]
    Vilho Risnen

    11

    R5 example: SIP telephone call


    Terminal contacts P-CSCF with the SIP identifier of the remote end (B subscriber). Terminals and SIP proxies negotiate codec parameters (SDP). P-CSCF sends SDP information to PCF and gets back authorization token. P-CSCF sends authorization token to UE. UE sends authorization token to GGSN when activating PDP context. GGSN checks PDP contexts from PCF using authorization token. PCF authorizes QoS parameters.

    Vilho Risnen

    Summary
    3G R99 is based on GPRS core network. Radio interfaces: WCDMA, EDGE. WCDMA Radio Access Network (RAN) handles more of the mobility than in GPRS radio access network. Enhanced service quality support for packet traffic compared to GPRS. Conversational class Streaming class Secondary PDP context for better QoS differentiation. R5 brings support for SIP services for IMS.

    Vilho Risnen

    12

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