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    1-2 Concepts of Normality

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    nesuma
    This document summarizes key concepts from Psyc 311 - Abnormal Psychology including: - Abnormal behavior is defined differently based on cultural and social contexts. Statistical models define abnormality as more than two standard deviations from the mean, but this approach has limitations. - Biological models view abnormal behavior as resulting from disease, injury or genetic factors, though causes are often complex and not fully understood. Environmental stressors can also interact with biological predispositions. - Sociological models propose that mental illness is a social construct and that applying a label to someone can shape perceptions and control over their behavior. Being labeled with a condition can have lasting impacts.

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    1-2 Concepts of Normality

    Uploaded by

    nesuma
    182 views8 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts from Psyc 311 - Abnormal Psychology including: - Abnormal behavior is defined differently based on cultural and social contexts. Statistical models define abnormality as more than two standard deviations from the mean, but this approach has limitations. - Biological models view abnormal behavior as resulting from disease, injury or genetic factors, though causes are often complex and not fully understood. Environmental stressors can also interact with biological predispositions. - Sociological models propose that mental illness is a social construct and that applying a label to someone can shape perceptions and control over their behavior. Being labeled with a condition can have lasting impacts.

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    This document summarizes key concepts from Psyc 311 - Abnormal Psychology including: - Abnormal behavior is defined differently based on cultural and social contexts. Statistical models define abnormality as more than two standard deviations from the mean, but this approach has limitations. - Biological models view abnormal behavior as resulting from disease, injury or genetic factors, though causes are often complex and not fully understood. Environmental stressors can also interact with biological predispositions. - Sociological models propose that mental illness is a social construct and that applying a label to someone can shape perceptions and control over their behavior. Being labeled with a condition can have lasting impacts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    182 views8 pages

    1-2 Concepts of Normality

    Uploaded by

    nesuma
    This document summarizes key concepts from Psyc 311 - Abnormal Psychology including: - Abnormal behavior is defined differently based on cultural and social contexts. Statistical models define abnormality as more than two standard deviations from the mean, but this approach has limitations. - Biological models view abnormal behavior as resulting from disease, injury or genetic factors, though causes are often complex and not fully understood. Environmental stressors can also interact with biological predispositions. - Sociological models propose that mental illness is a social construct and that applying a label to someone can shape perceptions and control over their behavior. Being labeled with a condition can have lasting impacts.

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    of 8

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Normal and Abnormal Behavior

    Concepts of Normality and Abnormality


    Psychology 311 Abnormal Psychology
    Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides
    1 2

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    What is Normal Behavior?

    What is Abnormal Behavior?

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Culture Culture Defines What is Normal and Abnormal

    Context also Defines Abnormality Hearing voices in church Hearing voices on the street Both hear voices. Which is Normal?

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Models of Abnormal Behavior Statistical Model Physiological or Biological Model Sociological Models Psychological Models

    Statistical Model Uses the concepts of Means and Standard Deviations to explain who is normal or abnormal.

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Sd-3 Sd-2

    Sd-1 X Sd-1 Sd-2 Sd-3

    Statistical Model
    Sd-3 Sd-2 Sd-1 X Sd-1 Sd-2 Sd-3

    68% 95% 99% 9

    Statistical Model

    10

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Sd-2

    Definition of Abnormal Behavior Persons who are greater than two standard deviations away from the mean are considered abnormal.
    Abn.

    Sd-1 X Sd-1 Sd-2

    Abn.

    68% 95%

    11

    Abnormal Behavior

    12

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example Intelligence

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Problem Persons who are actually normal, can be also considered abnormal. Sports Athletes
    Physical prowess is significantly better than normal folk By definition, they are abnormal

    Use Intelligence Test WAIS - III, WISC III, Binet Mean = 100 Sd = 15 Scores >130 = Abnormal Scores < 70 = Abnormal

    13

    14

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example Belief in Aliens

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example Belief in Aliens

    Survey Data indicate most Americans (and others too) believe there are aliens we are not alone. People who do not believe - Abnormal

    Most people do not believe we are controlled by aliens. If you believe - Abnormal

    15

    16

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example 3 Hear voices others cannot hear, see things others cannot see. Are they abnormal? Depends on the context

    Points to note Can be applied to anything Does work for some things Does not work for others

    17

    18

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Physiological, Biological, or Disease Models of Abnormality Abnormal behavior is linked to a disease which:
    Has symptoms Classify the symptoms Get a diagnosis From diagnosis Get some therapy After therapy is complete You are cured
    19

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example 1 Symptoms runny nose, cough, temperature, feel achy Get diagnosis Upper respiratory infect. Therapy (Aspirin, bed rest, chicken soup Cured
    20

    Classify sympt.

    Diagnosis Therapy done

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example 2 Symptoms Diagnosis Therapy Therapy done Feeling down, blue, thoughts of suicide. Depression Drugs, talk therapy, etc Are they cured?

    Answer NO! They are in remission

    21

    22

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    How do you become abnormal? Biological damage Head Trauma


    Strokes Medications

    Biological Damage Traumatic Brain Injury (TBA) Strokes Both cause problems with brain functioning. Usually creates specific sets of symptoms Usually damage cannot be reversed Can be helped with certain types of therapy
    23 24

    Genetics Environmental influences on the body


    Lead or Mercury poisoning

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Other Biological Disorders Brain diseases can result in changes as well. Parkinsons syndrome Alzheimers Disease Others

    Drugs / Medications Can cause a wide variety of psychological problems. Ecstasy destroys serotonin binding sites and presynaptic elements.
    Is bad stuff

    Methamphetamines can cause paranoia

    25

    26

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Medications Can also alter brain functioning Side effects of some drugs can reduce affect
    Result walking zombie syndrome.

    Genetic Influences in Abnormality One of the hottest areas of research Contends some gene causes you to become ______
    Alzheimers Schiophrenic Alcoholic

    Other drugs can make you paranoid

    Some are accurate XYY Support for most are correlational


    27 28

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Problem 60% relationship between monozygotic twins What about the other 40% Result

    Diathesis Stress Models Contends the genes are in there but you need the environment to get it out. Problem, many people still do not get the disorder Result

    29

    30

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Recessed Genes Contends the problem results from some recessed gene. Thus, is always with you. You will pass it on. Problems
    Dont know where they are Dont know which one it is Etc.?
    31

    Conclusions about genetic influences Lots of research is needed Human Genome project is just the start. Ethical issues
    What do you do if a person has the gene Abort the fetus Test tube babies Genetic manipulation in vivo
    32

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Environmental Causes of Abnormality Environment causes you to become abnormal. For some disorders, the cause is clear cut
    Mercury and Lead poisoning damages brain tissue Toxic waste causing birth defects. Alcohol consumption in high quantities causes significant prenatal damage
    33

    Other Influences More Abstract High-rise buildings causing crime High self-esteem causes good grades _____ food or beverage product causes you to be abnormal. Full moons cause _______ All are correlational

    34

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Sociological Models SZAZZ Contends mental illness is a myth Key to mental disorders is the label Without the label No disorder

    Mental Illness Mental illness is merely a term we give to people whose behavior is different from the norms of the society. However, the behavior is not criminal, heretical, or revolutionary To account for the deviance, the person must be mentally ill. Mental illness is not a condition: it depends on how the individual is seen by others in the society.
    35 36

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Example - Nursing home patient Labeled as such. What are your impressions.

    Potential Impressions Incompetent to care for themselves Must be under the care of others at all times Cannot think for themselves

    37

    38

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Who is in Control? Try to leave without getting staff approval and see what happens.

    Example 2 ADHD KID

    Labeled as such What are your impressions

    39

    40

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Impressions Does not pay attention well Always messing around. Cannot sit still Intelligence problems Parents have a variety of characteristics
    Drug addicts Poor, Etc.
    41

    Who usually applies the label The teacher Why? Cannot control the kid in the classroom

    42

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Solution Get kid on drugs What happens if you dont Can be court issues
    Custody fight with the state Foster care if you dont Etc.

    Past Stopped when done with school Today ADHD forever


    Need to continue drugs

    43

    44

    Psyc 311 Abnormal Psychology

    Conclusion Label Gives you the disorder


    You are not hyperactive You are ADHD

    45

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