CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to define styles for HTML elements. Styles define how elements are displayed on a page. Styles can be defined internally within a page or externally in separate CSS files. External stylesheets allow styles to be applied across multiple pages by linking to the CSS file. The CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements, properties to define styles, and values to specify property settings. CSS rules cascade based on specificity, with more specific rules overriding general ones.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to define styles for HTML elements. Styles define how elements are displayed on a page. Styles can be defined internally within a page or externally in separate CSS files. External stylesheets allow styles to be applied across multiple pages by linking to the CSS file. The CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements, properties to define styles, and values to specify property settings. CSS rules cascade based on specificity, with more specific rules overriding general ones.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to define styles for HTML elements. Styles define how elements are displayed on a page. Styles can be defined internally within a page or externally in separate CSS files. External stylesheets allow styles to be applied across multiple pages by linking to the CSS file. The CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements, properties to define styles, and values to specify property settings. CSS rules cascade based on specificity, with more specific rules overriding general ones.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to define styles for HTML elements. Styles define how elements are displayed on a page. Styles can be defined internally within a page or externally in separate CSS files. External stylesheets allow styles to be applied across multiple pages by linking to the CSS file. The CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements, properties to define styles, and values to specify property settings. CSS rules cascade based on specificity, with more specific rules overriding general ones.
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CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet g y
What is CSS? CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets Styles define how to display HTML elements Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets External Style Sheets can save you a lot of work External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files Multiple style definitions will cascade into one
How to Insert a Style Sheet When a browser reads a style sheet it will sheet, format the document according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheet: External Style Sheet Internal Style Sheet Multiple Style Sheets
External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. pages. With an external style sheet you can change the look of an sheet, entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the file. style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head tag. section: section: <head> h d <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css href="mystyle.css"/> </head>
The browser will read the style definitions from the file mystyle.css, mystyle css and format the document according to it. An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style sheet file is shown below: hr {color: sienna} p {margin-left: 20px} {marginbody {background-image: url("images/back40.gif")} {background-
Internal Style Sheet
An internal style sheet should be used when a single y g document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section by using the <style> tag, like this: <head> head <style type="text/css"> hr {color: yellow} p {margin-left: 20px} {marginbody {background-image: url("images/puppy.gif")} {background</style> </head> The browser will now read the style definitions, and format the document according to it.
Multiple Style Sheets
If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will b i h it d f diff t t l h t th l ill be inherited from the more specific style sheet. For example, an external style sheet has these properties f the h3 selector: ti for th l t h3 { color: red; texttext-align: left; fontfont-size: 8pt } And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3 { texttext-align: right; fontfont-size: 20pt } If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the g y external style sheet the properties for h3 will be: color: red; texttext li t t-align: right; i ht fontfont-size: 20pt The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the textfontinternal style sheet.
CSS Syntax The CSS syntax is made up of three parts: a selector, l t a property and a value:
selector {property: value}
The selector is normally the HTML element/tag you wish to define, The property is the attribute you wish to change, and each property can take a value. The property and value are separated by a colon, and surrounded by curly braces
body {color: black}
Note: If the value is multiple words, put quotes around the value:
p {font-family: "sans serif"} {fontNote: If you wish to specify more than one property, you must separate each property with a semicolon. The example below shows how to define a center aligned paragraph, with a red text color:
p{ {text- g {text-align:center;color:red} ; }
To make the style definitions more readable, you y ,y can describe one property on each line, like this: p{textp{text-align: center;color: black;font-family: arial} black;font-
External Style Sheet - Example-1 ExampleThe HTML file be o links to a e te a sty e e e below s an external style sheet with the <link> tag: <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type text/css href="ex1.css" /> type="text/css" href ex1.css / </head> <body> <h1>This header is 36 pt</h1> <h2>This header is blue</h2> <p>This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels</p> </body> </html>
This is the style sheet file (ex1.css): s s t e sty e s eet e (e css)
body { backgroundbackground-color:yellow; } h1 { fontfont-size:36pt; } h2 { color:blue; } p { marginmargin-left:50px; }
Example - 2 <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" li k l " l h " " / " href="ex2.css" /> </head> <body> <h1>This is a header 1</h1> <hr /> <p>You can see that the style sheet formats the text</p> <p><a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">This is a link</a></p> g p </body> </html>
This is the style sheet file (ex2.css) s s t e sty e s eet e (e css)
body {background-color:tan;} {backgroundh1 {color:maroon;font-size:20pt;} {color:maroon;fonthr {color:navy;} p {font-size:11pt;margin-left:15px;} {font-size:11pt;margina:link {color:green;} a:visited {color:yellow;} a:hover {color:black;} a:active {color:blue;}
Internal Sty e S eet Text on Image te a Style Sheet e to age
<html> <head> <h d> <style type="text/css"> img.x { position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:-1; index:} </style> </head> <body> <h1>This is a Heading</h1> <img class="x" src="bulbon.gif" width="100" height="180"> <p>Default z-index is 0 Z-index -1 has lower priority </p> z0. Zpriority.</p> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <style t t l type="text/css"> type="text/css" "t t/ "> body { backgroundbackground-image: url('smiley.gif'); url('smiley.gif'); backgroundbackground-repeat: nono-repeat; backgroundbackground-attachment: fixed } </style> </head> <body> <p>The image will not scroll with the rest of the page</p> <p>The image will not scroll with the rest of the page</p> <p>The image will not scroll with the rest of the page</p> <p>The image will not scroll with the rest of th page</p> < >Th i ill t ll ith th t f the </ > </body>
