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    CT and VT

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    aimiza
    Current and voltage transformers are types of instrument transformers that are used for measurement and protection purposes in power systems. They differ from power transformers in that they have much lower VA ratings, typically in the range of a few tens of VA rather than hundreds of kVA for power transformers. Current transformers are used for reducing high-value currents to lower values for measurement by instruments like ammeters. Voltage transformers are used to reduce high voltages for measurement. Both have applications in protection systems.

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    CT and VT

    Uploaded by

    aimiza
    284 views4 pages
    Current and voltage transformers are types of instrument transformers that are used for measurement and protection purposes in power systems. They differ from power transformers in that they have much lower VA ratings, typically in the range of a few tens of VA rather than hundreds of kVA for power transformers. Current transformers are used for reducing high-value currents to lower values for measurement by instruments like ammeters. Voltage transformers are used to reduce high voltages for measurement. Both have applications in protection systems.

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    Instrument Transformer

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    Current and voltage transformers are types of instrument transformers that are used for measurement and protection purposes in power systems. They differ from power transformers in that they have much lower VA ratings, typically in the range of a few tens of VA rather than hundreds of kVA for power transformers. Current transformers are used for reducing high-value currents to lower values for measurement by instruments like ammeters. Voltage transformers are used to reduce high voltages for measurement. Both have applications in protection systems.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    284 views4 pages

    CT and VT

    Uploaded by

    aimiza
    Current and voltage transformers are types of instrument transformers that are used for measurement and protection purposes in power systems. They differ from power transformers in that they have much lower VA ratings, typically in the range of a few tens of VA rather than hundreds of kVA for power transformers. Current transformers are used for reducing high-value currents to lower values for measurement by instruments like ammeters. Voltage transformers are used to reduce high voltages for measurement. Both have applications in protection systems.

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    of 4

    Current Transformrs

    (!.. 216. WlaJ t.V't tMin.ttnel1.t Md #itir


    WJuJe"' tlt4: di.flerenee between A 1'(1tDtr and
    a iMhmenl tmmJOf"'I'Ufr ?
    Instrument Transformers. Instrument transformers include
    current transformers (CT) and voltage transformers (VT). VTs are
    also called potential. ttansformers.
    Current transformers are used for reducing/stepping down
    .a.c. current from higher value to Jower value for measurement/pro..
    tection/control.
    Voltage tran11formers are used for stepping down vohage from
    "higher value to lower value for measurcmentfpr?tection/control.
    Both crs and VTs' have low VA rating and are, therefore, not
    used for power transfer. The difference between instrument trans
    formers and power traos.former is mainly in their VA rating.. Power
    ._transformers have high kV A rating (500 kVA, 1000 kVA .. upto
    1000 MV A). Instrument transformers have ra.ting of only a few teo.s .
    . of VA (e.g."lO VA. 30 VA, 100 VA}.
    Q.. 217 . W,_at are tha two main. oJ CUtf'W
    ftns/orm.trs aM w'Uage ltanljOY'fJ't,trB ?
    are two cJasses of instrument transformers :
    l. Mea.st.t!fi-ng current trr:ntsformer' used for measurement
    purposes.
    2. Prottdiw eraliM/IJ'ff'l\t;J'S used for prottctive and control
    rsystems.
    aim5887
    Q.. 218. WAat are 4M appliemimwl of eurrem 1
    tratuform.ers arc u:sed with overcu.rrent
    pr<>teetion, earth fault protection, dUferenHal protection and impe-
    <lance protection etc.
    MeJUUri:ng CU'rient are used .vith ammeters,
    wa.ttmeters. kVA meters and kWh meters for reducing line current
    to I ampere or 5 ampcrrs.
    1
    BURDENONCT
    Q.. %%1. Ikjim e btwdcn em d 01.'.
    l_mpedan.rs of secondary circuit exprl\l$sed in obms, power
    factor
    1
    JS called burtkJt. But it is usually expressed in terms of
    apparent power in kVA and rat! secondary euttent at specified
    power factor. This power factor is not the powtr factor of $oecondary
    cumru orcr
    The circuit connected to the secondary winding is. termed as
    oftbe curre-nt transformer. If the term 'Joad' is used, it
    refers to the primary current magnitude. Burden is expressed
    preferably in terms of impedance of the cireuit connKted to the
    $tcondary and its resistance and reactance. The British metllod is
    specity the burden on the cr in volt-ampere& at rated secondary
    <OUrtent at specified power factor.
    T.bu:s we may express the burden in the following two forms.
    o.g os ohm impedance or us volt-ampe:re.s at s amperes. Let
    tlurw.:ltto B volt-amperes at rated secondary I. amperes. Then
    the ohmic impedance the burden St cui be calculated as follows :
    B .
    Z==y ohms.
    "Burdens of crs and VTs refer to the maximum load in
    'Tolt-amperes (VA) which may be applied across the secondary
    1ermimals, without tlbe ratio and phase .angle errors exceeding the
    permissible Umits. The burden upon the number of
    mstfuptents or connected and their individual burdens
    liyP.ttf!.;valqct. arc
    -
    Bunleaa of lacUvtdaal lNtl"atJteats fRe1ays
    lndicatina.: voftmcter/ammeter
    meters and. record in,.. instrwncat.s
    'l1'aermal over current relays
    Currt:nt
    (J A)
    l to 10 VA O 5 to S VA
    3 to' VA S to 15 VA
    2 t.o 12 VA
    The S g.aiilanl VA Burdens Ratings for CTs and VTs
    lrntrument trarisformC<rs
    Protective tranaformers
    aim5887
    J!'.T. C.T.
    to, ts. so. too. 200 2s, .s. 1 s. t s. 30
    so. 100, 200 25. S. 7 s. 10, lS, 10.
    P'.F. 07 Ia&
    2
    aim5887
    JT oltage Transfortne:rs
    Q.. 131. W hal are tlre anlit.t:UiMt-' a:nd lf!Pu oJ .
    /Of'flfDII 1
    Voltage transformers (potential transformers) are used for
    measurement and protection . Accordingly, tlley are either measur
    in4 jtlpe or protective type voltage tntls.formers. They may be either
    sinsld phase or three phase. Voltage transformers are necessary
    fo,r voltage. distance prcneetion. The primary ot voltage
    transformer is connected directly to power .circuit between pbase and
    ground depending upon rated voltage and application. The volt--
    ampere rating of voltage trausformers is lesser as compared with that1
    of power transfonners.
    There are two types of constructions :
    -electromagn.etie potential tran:srormer in which primary and
    s-econdary are wround on magnetic corcJike io usual trans
    fermer
    -capacitor potential in which the primary \'olt-
    il3\' is applied to a series capacitor group. The voltage.
    one of the capacitor is taken to auxiliary
    transformer. The secondary of auxiliary voltage transformer
    is taken for measurement or protection.
    Spccificatioa f'or Vohagc Traasfor.tU>en
    The following aspects should be determined wbil.e seJectins
    voltage tra nsfotnter
    t. Rated primary voltage.
    2. Rated secondary voitlgc,
    3. Rated burden.
    4. Supply freqllency.
    S. Number of phases .
    6. Clw of accuracy.
    1. kvel. Power frequency .and impulse voltage
    witbltand.
    Limits of dimensions, types of construction etc.
    3
    aim5887
    Q.. 235. the 'burden' on V!ra.
    Burdett 01'1 Voltage Tnafol"mer. Burdens are specified.
    in at a rated tecondary voltage at a particular power
    factor. Let rated secondary voltage be v.. The ohmic impedance:
    nf burden be .Zt. burden =P,
    v.
    Z&==- ohms.
    " p
    Let burden power factor be l:os {I
    Ba::::Za COS r/1
    X11e:rZo sin .p
    Zo= 4 R+X11.
    The total bur de o on a VT should be Jess than the rated burdeDt
    of'VT
    . The capacitor voltage transfcrmer output is upto about 200
    VA. While that of wounded type is upto ab<Out SOO VA. Tho
    standard values being: 10. 25. 50. 7St 100. 150, 200. SOO VA.
    Q.. 236. A tro.m/Of'tM'II' tDitA ratu wltage ot
    1111 V 1uu nomiuZ 011tput oJ 1 A, le44 loop :rwm,.c:e iB 0'1 cmm.
    Calculate the voJco.mpef't output of voltage trans/ormt.r tle
    ralag ,. oz lilt 110 .
    Solutioa. Total voJtampercs = V oltarnpercs for relay+ V oft ..
    ampere or leads.
    = 110 xot+ (Ot)x ot
    -11 VA. ADs.
    4

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