Mahmmoud A.

Mahdi

DHCP allows you to assign IP addresses, subnet masks, and other configuration information to client computers on a local network. When a DHCP server is available, computers that are configured to obtain an IP addresses automatically request and receive their IP configuration from that DHCP server upon booting.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Automatic configuration IP address Subnet mask Other Information

Requires DHCP Server

Windows Server 2008 Role

Configuration of large and even midsize networks is much simpler. Once you enter the IP configuration information in one place(the server) its automatically propagated to clients, eliminating the risk that a user will misconfigure some parameters and require you to fix them. IP addresses are conserved because DHCP assigns them only when requested. IP configuration becomes almost completely automatic. Allows a preboot execution environment (PXE) client to get a TCP/IP address from DHCP.
PXE clients (also called Microsoft Remote Installation Services (RIS)

clients) can get an IP address without needing to have an operating system installed. This allows RIS clients to connect to a RIS server through the TCP/IP protocol and download an operating system remotely.

DHCP can become a single point of failure for your network. If the DHCP server contains incorrect information, the misinformation will automatically be delivered to all your DHCP clients.
To fix the problem, you might have to visit each machine

If you want to use DHCP on a multisegment network,

you must put either a DHCP server or a rely agent on

and reconfigure it.

each segment, or you must ensure that your router can forward Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) broadcasts.a

Configure dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP).

1.
2.

Installing DHCP server. Configuring a DHCP server.

Installing DHCP server.

After this lesson you will be able to:

Deploy a DHCP server. Configure a server DHCP scope.

Configure DHCP scope options.

The negotiation between a DHCP client and DHCP server occurs in four stages:
1. Broadcast DHCP Discover.

2. Respond with DHCP Offer.

3. Respond with DHCP Request. 4. Confirm with DHCP Ask.

1. Broadcast DHCPISCOVER 2. Respond with DHCPOFFER 3. Respond with DHCPREQUEST 4. Confirm with DHCPACK

Every DHCP server maintains a database of addresses that the server can distribute to clients. When a DHCP server assign a computer an address, it assigns that address in the form of a lease that lasts six or eight days by default. The DHCP server keeps tracks of leased addresses so that no address is assigned to two clients.

To prevent an IP address from being indefinitely assigned to a client that has disconnected from the network , DHCP server reclaim addresses at the end of the DHCP lease period.
If the DHCP server is online
Accept the renewal

If the DHCP server is not available

DHCP Client tries to renew the DHCP lease again after half the remaining lease period

If the DHCP server is not available after 87.5% of lease

time has elapsed

DHCP client attempts to locate a new DHCP server

If the DHCP client shuts down normally, or if an administrator runs the command ipconfig/release
The client sends a DHCP release message to the DHCP

server. The DHCP server marks the IP address as available and can reassign it to a different DHCP client.

If the DHCP client disconnects suddenly from the network (does not have the opportunity to send a DHCP release message).
The DHCP server will not assign the IP address to a

different client until the DHCP lease expires.

ipconfig /renew
Instructs the DHCP client to request a lease renewal.
If the client already has a lease, it requests a renewal from the server that issued the current lease. if the client doesnt currently have a lease, It initiates the DHCP mating dance, listens for lease offers, and chooses one it likes.

ipconfig /release

Forces the client to immediately give up its lease by

ipconfig /setclassid classID

sending the server a DHCP release notification.

Sets a new class ID for the client.

Scope:
A range of IP addresses must be defined at the

DHCP server. Defines a single physical subnet on the network to which DHCP services are offered. Example:
If you have two subnets
10.0.1.0/24 and 192.168.10.0/24

DHCP server:
directly connect to each subnet define a scope for each subnets & associated address ranges

Superscope
Enables the DHCP server to provide addresses from

more than one scope to clients on the same physical subnet. Helpful when clients within the same subnet have more than one IP network and thus need IPs from more than one address pool. Microsofts DHCP snap-in allows you to manage IP address assignment in the superscope, though you must still configure other scope options individually for each child scope.

Exclusions and Reservations

Exclusions are IP addresses within the range that you never

Address Pool

want automatically assigned. Reservations are IP addresses within the range for which you want a permanent DHCP lease. They essentially reserve a particular IP address for a particular device.
The range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign is

DHCP Relay Agent

called its address pool

If no DHCP server is available on the clients network, you can

use a DHCP relay agent to forward DHCP broadcasts from the clients network to the DHCP server.

You should understand what a superscope is for the 70-642 exam.

DHCP options provide clients with additional configuration parameters

Such as DNS or WINS server address.

More than 60 standard DHCP options are available

The most common DHCP Options, For an IPv4 configuration are:

003 Router:
Used to provide a list of available routers or default gateways on the same subnet Used to provide a list of DNS servers Used to provide the DNS suffix Allows clients to perform dynamic DNS updates. Used to configure the IP addresses of WINS servers. Used to configure the preferred NetBIOS name resolution method. There are four settings for node type:
B node (0x1): Broadcast for NetBIOS resolution P node (0x2): Peer-to-peer (WINS) server for NetBIOS resolution M node (0x4): Mixed node (does a B node and then a P node) H node (0x8): Hybrid node (does a P node and then a B node)

006 DNS Servers: 015 DNS Domain Name: 044 WINS/ NBNS Servers:

046 WINS/ NBT Node type:

051 Lease:
Used to configure a special lease duration Assigns a special lease duration only to remote access clients. This option relies on user class information advertised by this client type.

You need to understand these six DHCP options for the 70-642 exam.

To install and configure a DHCP server on a computer running windows server 2008
Deploy a server on the physical subnet for which

you want to provide addressing. Be sure to assign the server a static IP address that will be compatible with the address range planned for the local subnet. Use the add roles wizard to add the DHCP server role on the computer.

The wizard presents you with the following configuration pages:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Select network connection bindings. Specify IPv4 DNS Server settings. Specify IPv4 WINS Server settings. Add or edit DHCP scopes. Configure DHCPv6 Stateless mode. Specify IPv6 DNS Server settings. Authorize DHCP Server.

You specify the network adapter or adapters that the DHCP server will use to service clients. If your DHCP server is multi-homed, this page gives you an opportunity to limit DHCP service to network only.

Provides you an opportunity to configure the 015 domain names and the 006 DNS Servers options for all scopes that you will create on the DHCP server.
The 015 DNS Domain Names option
enables you to set a DNS suffix for the client connections obtaining an address lease from the DHCP server.

The 006 DNS Servers option

enable you to configure a DNS server address list for the client connections obtaining an addresses lease from the DHCP server.

Enables you to configure the 044 WINS/ NBNS Server option

So you can assign a WINS server list to clients.

Enables you to define or edit scopes on the DHCP server.

A scope is an administrative grouping of IP

addresses for computers on a subnet that use the DHCP service. Each subnet can have only a single DHCP scope with a single continuous range of IP addresses.

Scope Name
Use to label the scope as it appears in the DHCP console.

Starting and Ending IP Address

You should use the consecutive addresses that makeup the subnet for

which you are enabling the DHCP service. You should be sure to exclude from this defined range any statically assigned addresses for existing or planned servers on your network.
For example, on the same subnet you need to assign a static IP address to the local DHCP server, router (default gateway), and any DNS servers, WINS servers, and domain controllers.

To exclude addresses, you can simply choose to limit the scope range so

that it does not include any of static addresses assigned to servers.

For example, in the subnet 192.168.0.0/24 you can keep the addresses 192.168.0.1 through 192.168.0.20 for your statically addressed servers. You can then define the addresses 192.168.0.21 through 192.168.0.254 as the range for the subnets DHCP scope.

Subnet Mask
The subnet mask that will be assigned to DHCP clients that receive

Default Gateway (optional)

an address lease through this scope. Be sure to choose the same subnet mask as the one configured for the DHCP server itself.
Enables you to configure the 003 router option. Which assigns a

Subnet Type

default gateway address to the DHCP clients that receive an address lease through this scope.

Allows you to assign one of two lease durations to the scope. By default, the scope is set to the wired subnet type, which

Activate This Scope

configure a lease duration of six days. The alternative setting is wireless, for which the lease duration is eight hours.

A scope will lease out addresses only if it is activated.

DHCPv6 refers to DHCP for IPv6 Stateless mode

the default addressing mode for IPv6 hosts in which

On the configure DHCPv6 Stateless Mode page

addresses are configured without the help of a DHCP server while options can still be obtained from the DHCP server. enable to response to IPv6 hosts that has been enabled for stateful addressing. range by using the DHCP console.

you can disable stateless mode on the DHCP server and

Disable stateless addressing on the DHCP server

you will later need to create a scope for an IPv6 address

To enable stateful addressing on an IPv6 host

type the following command:
netsh interface ipv6 set interface interface_name managedaddress=disabled

To enable the IPv6 host to obtain DHCP options from a DHCPv6 server
type the following command:
netch interface ipv6 set interface interface_name otherstateful=enabled

It is unlikely that you will see any questions about DHCPv6 on the 70-642 exam.

When you leave the enable DHCPv6 Stateless Mode for this Server option selected
The configure IPv6 DNS Server Setting page

appears.

Gives you an opportunity to authorize a DHCP server for use in an Active Directory domain. In Active Directory domain environments
A DHCP server will not issue IP addresses to

clients unless the server is authorized. Requiring servers to be authorized reduces the risk that a user will accidentally or intentionally create a DHCP server that assigns invalid IP address configurations to DHCP clients.

(fill in the blanks.) Before a DHCP server in a domain environment can lease addresses from an existing scope to any DHCP clients, you first need tothe server and the scope. Quick Check Answer:
Authorize
Activate

Problems with DHCP configurations can show up on the client side. These problems might include the following:
The client fails to obtain an IP address. There are address conflicts.

The client obtains an address from the wrong

scope.

When clicked, the Repair button performs a series of specific actions:

If the network connection is configured as a DHCP client, the

current settings are released, and a DHCPREQUEST message is broadcast in an attempt to obtain new IP settings.
This is the functional equivalent to performing an ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew.

The ARP cache is flushed, as with the arp -d * command. The NetBIOS cache is flushed, as if the nbtstat -R command. The DNS cache is flushed, as if ipconfig /flushdns command. The clients NetBIOS name and IP address are reregistered with the WINS server, as if nbtstat -RR was entered. The client is reregistered with DNS as if ipconfig /registerdns command.

Understand the four stages of the DHCP process Know how to install and authorize a DHCP server Know how to create a DHCP scope Understand how relay agents help with multiple physical network segments Understand the difference between exclusions and reservations Understand what a IPv4 superscope is used for Understand how to integrate IPv4 Dynamic DNS with DHCP Understand how to troubleshoot DHCP problems

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