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Node Analysis: Arceta Torres Fernando Pazarán Rodríguez Samy Zabdiel Urquiza López Carlos Ariad

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1. The document describes a laboratory practice on node analysis, which is a method for determining voltage values at connection points (nodes) in an electrical circuit. 2. The practice involved applying node analysis to determine voltages and currents in a circuit with multiple nodes and resistors. Theoretical values were calculated and then measured experimentally. 3. Both the calculated and measured values were reported in tables, showing good agreement between theory and experiment. This verified the student's understanding and ability to apply the node analysis method.

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Node Analysis: Arceta Torres Fernando Pazarán Rodríguez Samy Zabdiel Urquiza López Carlos Ariad

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Yo Tu
91 views7 pages
1. The document describes a laboratory practice on node analysis, which is a method for determining voltage values at connection points (nodes) in an electrical circuit. 2. The practice involved applying node analysis to determine voltages and currents in a circuit with multiple nodes and resistors. Theoretical values were calculated and then measured experimentally. 3. Both the calculated and measured values were reported in tables, showing good agreement between theory and experiment. This verified the student's understanding and ability to apply the node analysis method.

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1. The document describes a laboratory practice on node analysis, which is a method for determining voltage values at connection points (nodes) in an electrical circuit. 2. The practice involved applying node analysis to determine voltages and currents in a circuit with multiple nodes and resistors. Theoretical values were calculated and then measured experimentally. 3. Both the calculated and measured values were reported in tables, showing good agreement between theory and experiment. This verified the student's understanding and ability to apply the node analysis method.

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91 views7 pages

Node Analysis: Arceta Torres Fernando Pazarán Rodríguez Samy Zabdiel Urquiza López Carlos Ariad

Uploaded by

Yo Tu
1. The document describes a laboratory practice on node analysis, which is a method for determining voltage values at connection points (nodes) in an electrical circuit. 2. The practice involved applying node analysis to determine voltages and currents in a circuit with multiple nodes and resistors. Theoretical values were calculated and then measured experimentally. 3. Both the calculated and measured values were reported in tables, showing good agreement between theory and experiment. This verified the student's understanding and ability to apply the node analysis method.

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INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE COMPUTO

Node Analysis
Fundamental Analysis of Circuits Laboratory

Arceta Torres Fernando Pazarn Rodrguez Samy Zabdiel Urquiza Lpez Carlos Ariad
Mexico D. F. 23 of October of 2012

INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL Escuela Superior de Cmputo


Fundamental Analysis of Circuits Laboratory

Practice 5: Node Analysis

Target:

The student applied the method to determine the voltage nodes present in an electrical circuit, so that at the end of practice, this in a position to employ this technique in calculating the voltage drop present in networks that contain multiple nodes.

Equip provided by Laboratory: 1 Digital Multimeter 1 Variable Voltage sources CD 4 Banana-alligator connectors 4 Banana-Banana connectors Cutting pliers Nose pliers

Material owned by students: 1 Protoboard 2 Resistors of 680 . 2 Resistors of 330 . 1 Resistors of 270 . 1 Resistors of 560 . 1 Resistors of 100 . 2 Resistors of 1 k .. Connection cables for Breadboard.

I Theoretical Introduction
In electric circuits analysis, nodal analysis, node-voltage analysis, or the branch current method is a method of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes" (points where elements or branches connect) in an electrical circuit in terms of the branch currents. In analyzing a circuit using Kirchhoff's circuit laws, one can either do nodal analysis using Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) or mesh analysis using Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL). Nodal analysis writes an equation at each electrical node, requiring that the branch currents incident at a node must sum to zero. The branch currents are written in terms of the circuit node voltages. As a consequence, each branch constitutive relation must give current as a function of voltage; an admittance representation. For instance, for a resistor, Ibranch = Vbranch * G, where G (=1/R) is the admittance (conductance) of the resistor.

Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of nodal analysis.

Nodal analysis is possible when all the circuit elements' branch constitutive relations have an admittance representation. Nodal analysis produces a compact set of equations for the network, which can be solved by hand if small, or can be quickly solved using linear algebra by computer. Because of the compact system of equations, many circuit simulation programs use nodal analysis as a basis. When elements do not have admittance representations, a more general extension of nodal analysis, modified nodal analysis, can be used. Method: 1. Note all connected wire segments in the circuit. These are the nodes of nodal analysis. 2. Select one node as the ground reference. The choice does not affect the result and is just a matter of convention. Choosing the node with most connections can simplify the analysis. 3. Assign a variable for each node whose voltage is unknown. If the voltage is already known, it is not necessary to assign a variable. 4. For each unknown voltage, form an equation based on Kirchhoff's current law. Basically, add together all currents leaving from the node and mark the sum equal to zero. 5. If there are voltage sources between two unknown voltages, join the two nodes as a supernode. The currents of the two nodes are combined in a single equation, and a new equation for the voltages is formed. 6. Solve the system of simultaneous equations for each unknown voltage.

II Practice Development
II.1 Applying the method of circuit nodes to the figure, find a theoretical way (analytical

method), the corresponding current values called for in certain items and list them on the table.

II.2 Without turning the voltage source, build the circuit, on the protoboard. Once armed,

proceed to set the voltage value indicated and applied to the circuit through the probes, the power supply on.

II.3 Check the validity of previous theoretical results by measuring with the ammeter, the

current in the above points and report their practical values of the table. Measurements Current I - 0 Current II - I Current II - 0 Theoretical value (ampers) 4.92 A 2.31 A 2.75 A Measured value (ampers) 4.90 A 2.32 A 2.75 A

II.4 The same circuit voltage obtained theoretical values obtained in the simulator and

experimental, report them in the following table. Measurements Voltage V I 0 Voltage V II 0 Voltage V I II Theoretical value (volts) 3.81 V rms 600 mV rms 3.22 V rms Measured value (volts) 3.6 V rms 550 mV rms 3.04 V rms

II.5 Finally calculate the power dissipated by each resistor and record in the table.

Resistors (K ) R1 R2 R3

power dissipated (watts) 12.9 mW 3.02 mW 77 mW

III.- Questionary 1. Define what is a node in an electrical circuit. In an electrical circuit connection points of three or more drivers which we call nodes or knots. Half point or a field that remains unchanged when more than one disturbance simultaneously acting on it.

2. Define what is the voltage of a node. In a series circuit the sum of the potential difference across each element of consumption hereinafter called voltage drop is equal to the voltage that provides the power source or battery.

3. What we call the reference node? The reference node is chosen arbitrarily, although it is common to choose the node which is connected to a larger number of branches or a node with a voltage source. In most cases, this procedure involves a smaller number of equations.

4. Briefly define the method that consists of nodes. It is a general method of circuit analysis is based on determining the voltages of all circuit nodes with respect to a reference node. Known these voltages can determine all the currents in the various circuit elements.

IV.- Conclusions

Arceta Torres Fernando


In developing this practice we saw the issue of analysis of nodes seen in class, which this method is much easier to me than the Kirchoff current law.

Pazarn Rodrguez Samy Zabdiel


This practice could apply and verify knowledge previously obtained theoretical classes on the use of the method of Node Analysis for the calculation of voltages and currents in a circuit of four meshes with current sources later gaining power in each of the nine resistance existed.

Urquiza Lpez Carlos Ariad


In this practice we could see the reasoning of the Node Analysis by circuit simulation, and by calculating the equations for the node. The use of the law is very useful for resuloucion in cases that include current sources in the mesh.

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