Activity 2 2. Chickens- The Philippine Native Chicken is a breed of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

They are a utility bird, raised for meat and eggs. They are a popular choice for backyard flocks because of their egg laying abilities and hardiness. Color Varieties Dalusapi and Mayahin - These chickens have reddish-brown plumage resembling the Philippine "labuyo" or the Red junglefowl. The shanks of the Dalusapi are yellow or white while that of the Mayahin are slate or black. They can have white earlobes. Greys - The Greys has bluish-green plumage. The shanks are either yellow, white, black or grey. They can have white earlobes. Dom - The plumage of this type has alternating barrings of black, white, grey and sometimes, reddish-brown. The shanks are either yellow, grey or white. They resemble the Sussex (chicken) breed and can have white earlobes. White - This has a solid white plumage with yellow, white or slate shanks. They resemble the Plymouth Rock (chicken) breed and can have white earlobes. Ash - This is the smokey-white to almost brownish-grey type. They resemble the Andalusian (chicken) breed. The shanks can be yellow, grey or white. They can have white earlobes. Lasak - This chicken has brown to grey plumage with white spots. They can have white earlobes. Black - The plumage of this type is solid black with either black or yellow their backs. They resemble the Australorp breed. They can have white earlobes. The roosters usually weigh in at 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg), the hens slightly less at 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg), cockerels at 1.5 pounds (0.68 kg), and pullets at 0.5 pounds (0.23 kg). 2.) Mulard (or Moulard) is a hybrid variety of domestic duck produced by crossing a female Pekin with a male Muscovy duck. Since the domestic Pekin is descended from the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and the Muscovy (Cairina moschata) is a separate species, all Mulards are sterile F1 hybrid. Most are bred through artificial and are sometimes also called muled ducks." Pekin duck, or Long Island duck[1] (Anas platyrhynchos domestica, or Anas peking, is a breed of domesticated duck used primarily for egg and meat production. It was bred from the Mallard in China. 3.) dutch bantam Uses: Exhibition / Ornamental. Origin: Holland. Eggs: 80 - 160 tinted. Weight: Bantam Cock: 500 - 550g, Hen: 400 - 450g. Colours: Gold Partridge, Silver Partridge, Yellow Partridge, Blue Silver Partridge, Blue Yellow Partridge, Blue Partridge, Red Shouldered White (Pile), Cuckoo Partridge (Crele), Cuckoo, Black, White, Blue, Lavender. (Standardised UK). Useful to Know: A true Bantam. Hardy. Can make a good broody but only covers a small number of eggs. Good temperament and can become quite friendly.

Japanese Bantam Uses: Exhibition / Ornamental. Origin: Japan. Eggs: 80 - 160 white, cream or brown eggs per year. Weight: Cock: 510 - 600g, Hen: 400 - 510g. Colours: Black Tailed White, Black Tailed Buff, Buff Columbian, White, Black, Birchen Grey, Silver Grey, Dark Grey, Millers

Grey, Mottled Black, Mottled Blue, Mottled Red, Blue, Lavender, Cuckoo, Red, Tri-coloured, Wheaten Bred, Partridge Bred, Brown Red, Blue Red, Silver and Gold Duckwing (All are Standardised). Turkey Bronze is a breed of domestic turkey. The name refers to its plumage, which bears an iridescent bronze-like sheen. The Bronze had been the most popular turkey throughout most of American history, but waned in popularity beginning in the mid-20th century Royal Palm is a breed of domestic turkey. One of the few turkeys not primarily selected for meat production, the Royal Palm is best known as an ornamental bird with a unique appearance, largely white with bands of metallic black. Primarily kept as an exhibition bird, or on small farms, it lacks the size for large scale commercial use. Toms usually weigh 16 to 22 lbs and the hens 10 to 12 lbs. Ducks: Indian Runners: They stand erect like penguins and, rather than waddling, they run. These ducks do not fly and only rarely form nests and incubate their own eggs. They run or walk, often dropping their eggs wherever they happen to be. Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) is a large duck native to Mexico, Central, and South America. They are a large duck, with the males measuring about 76 cm in length, and weighing up to 15 pounds. Females are considerably smaller, and only grow to 7 pounds, roughly half the males' size. The bird is predominantly black and white, with the back feathers being iridescent and glossy in males, while the females are more drab. Turkeys: Beltsville Small White is a breed of domestic turkey. The bird was named after its physical characteristics a relatively small size and entirely white plumage as well as its place of origin. Bourbon Red is a breed of domestic turkey named for its unique reddish plumage and for Bourbon County, Kentucky. The standard indicates mature Bourbon Red toms weigh 33 pounds (15 kilos), and mature hens weigh 18 pounds (8.2 kilos). The standard indicates the bourbon red should weigh 23 pounds for toms and 14 pounds for hens at maturity (butcher, 28 weeks) For me, we can consider our native poultry specie a breed of compared to the breeds in other country. It is because our native species has also the characteristics that vary from the other breeds of different places. 4. Philippines is known to be a tropical country. Thats why poultry breeding in the country must have some considerations to do especially when breeding. One techniques applied on poultry farm in the country is the A.I., it is usually done on the afternoon. This is to avoid stresses to the poultry specie. There are so many techniques that are applied aside from that. Physical features that must be adopted and developed by the poultry species is the ability to tolerate extreme heat. This is the main problem of our species in the country. They are easily involved to stress. There should be some development that must be imposed to minimize this phenomena on our poultry production. 5. (attached articles) 6. Compared to the foreign breeds, our countries poultry species has no genotype and environmental interactions according to our poultry farmers. This is maybe because of the poor parent stock that has been used by some of the farmers. This can be assessed through improving the parent stock that will be used during the start of poultry farming activities. It is also important for the country to become innovative in improving the genetic make-up of our poultry species for us to compete more globally. This can be a bigger success in industry of agriculture. 7. For me, native birds are of low value compared to commercial poultry species. This might be because of their genetic make-up. But this native species has some good characteristics compared to the commercial ones. The prolific characteristics of the native species can be more advantageous to commercial species. Other characteristics of the native species might be well developed in the near future by thorough study.

ACTIVITY 3 1. CHICKEN: MALE - feathers are not uniform in length during day old. - Has bump on the cloaca - Voice change as they grow male chicks will be a lighter brown FEMALE - feathers are uniform in length during day old. - Female chicks will be a dark red color, with dark stripes DUCKS: MALE: - more colorful than females - mallard duck has a green ring on head - whispering quack - curled sex feather on tail FEMALE: - less colorful - mallard are purely brown - loud quack - no curled sex feather TURKEY: MALE: - light colored head with no feathers - have spurs, an extra toe located higher on the leg that is used for defense - have a fan tail used for attracting females during mating - Male turkeys outweigh FEMALE: - few feathers and are dully colored and better camouflaged in the wild - may not have obvious spurs due to their age - feathers may not be of uniform length 2. REASONS: - They are strong swimmers with medium to large bodies

3. They serve to interlock barb to barb, making a stable, water- and airproof vane as needed to fly. The above depicted arrangement enables a bird to return feathers to proper neatness by not more than running its bill along the disarrayed feathers. The shine of the feathers comes from a unique arrangement of nanometer-scale parts. Shiny black feathers have a single thin keratin layer, but only loosely organized melanosomes, putting them somewhere in between matte and iridescent. 4. Scales. Reptiles do have scales, same as birds which can be found on their feet. The functions of bird skin are the same as for other vertebrates to keep out pathogens and other potentially harmful substances, retain vital fluids and gases, and serve as a sensory organ. The skin of birds also produces and supports feathers. The epidermis, the most superficial layer of the skin, is thinner in birds than in mammals of comparable size, flexible, and smooth, and this is due, at least part, to selective pressures to minimize body weight for more efficient flight (Spearman 1966). Therefore, skins of chickens are more sensitive because of its thin layer of epidermis. 5. Whereas most animals have heavier bones, flying birds have thin-walled, hollow bones with internal struts for support. This pneumatic bone structure makes them lighter. The bird's hollow bones make the skeleton lighter for flying. 6. 7. parabronchi

8. digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproductive system, excretory system, nervous system 9. they use their claws on ooking on the roost at the same time they are doing their balancing to the birds brain. The tendency of this is that the feathers of the bird will be more easy to pull. 10. it can be done through sticking the inside part of the birds beak directing on its brain. It will result to smooth feathers that can be easily pulled. 11. feed taken by the birds will then follow the digestive tract. Initial and primary digestion of food then takes place on the digestive organs. Absorption of nutrients will happen on the small intestine. Thats why feedstuffs should have high nutritive value that can supply the needed nutrients of the birds body. Some Enzymes may not be needed in digestion of feedstuffs, it is because digestive make up of birds may vary among them. If ceaca will be cut, all the undigestible feed that was taken by the birds may poison the birds system. Same is true with the removal of pancreas, where bile are stored. If it will be destroyed, jaundice will spill out. This can typically destroy the body system of birds. 12. Pulmonary circulation - ciarries blood between the heart and the lungs. It begins on the right ventricle and ends on the left atrium. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle by the pulmonary artery and is carried to the alveolar capillaries of the lungs. Systemic Circulation- Starts at the left ventricle and ends at the right atrium. Carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. 13. Roosters do not lay eggs. All roosters are males. Actually some Roosters do lay an egg. It is 1 egg at the time they become mature and then never lay again. This I know because I not only have raised chickens and been around them my whole life but the Asian Rooster is known for it's ability to lay its one egg. The eggs will be very small. The can be as big a a pigeon egg but will never be the size of even a small chicken egg. No, roosters are male. Chickens or hens lay eggs.
14. the hormones reaches the organs they stimulated through the glands that secretes them. If parathyroid gland is removed, there will be no parathyroid hormones produced. Mainly, the formation of egg shell cannot take place. Because this hormone is the one who controls the formation of the egg shell. Requirements that are strictly 15. in raising birds of poultry specie, there are certain requirements needed to ensure the growth of the birds. Temperature, must be favorable to the body requirement of the bird. Ventilation,