MECHANICS(For Competitive Exam.

)
A Brief Review of concepts 1. The length of the actual path between initial and final point is called distance.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The displacement of an object in a given time can be positive, negative or zero. Rate of change of displacement is called velocity. During uniform motion the average and the instantaneous velocities are always same. Slope of the velocity time graph for a body in uniform motion provides the velocity. During uniformly accelerated motion along a straight line, the magnitude of the velocity alone changes while the direction remains the same. 7. Kinetic equations for uniformly accelerated motion. (i) v = u + at (ii) s = ut + at2 (iii) v2 = u2 +2as (iv) Snth = u + a( 2n-1 ) 8. In case of motion under gravity, motion is independent of the mass of a body. 9. In case of motion under gravity, if a body is dropped vertically and another projected horizontally then both will reach the ground simultaneously but with different speed. 10. Total time taken by a body to move down an incline plane from a height h is T = 1/sin 2h/g. 11. Equation of the trajectory of the projectile in XY plane Y = X tan ( g/ u2 cos2) X2 12. Maximum height attained by the projectile is given by H = u2 sin2/2g 13. The time of flight and the horizontal range of the projectile is given by T = 2u sin/g And R = u2sin2/g 14. The range of projectile is maximum if it is projected at an angle 450. 15. To safely negotiate a curve of radius r, a cyclist should bend so as to make an angle with a vertical which is given by tan = v2/rg 16. The maximum velocity with which a vehicle can safely negotiate a curve of radius r on a rough inclined road is given by v2 = rg ( + tan/ 1- tan) 17. When the body describes the vertical circles, its velocity at the top of vertical circle is equal to or greater than g r 18. According to Newtons first law of motion, every body continuous in its state of rest or uniform motion until it is compelled by some external force to change the state. 19. Second law states that rate of change in momentum is directly proportional to the force applied on it. Also F = ma. 20. According to III law, to every action there exists equal and opposite reaction. 21. Impulse = Ft. It is also known as the change in momentum. 22. If the body of mass m moves with acceleration a in downward direction then its apparent weight R = m (g a). And if it moves in upward direction with acceleration a then apparent weight R = m (g + a). 23. The maximum frictional force between two surfaces depends upon nature of surface and normal contact force. It is independent of area of contact. 24. The magnitude of kinetic friction is proportional to normal reaction. Fk = N 25. The angle with the resultant of maximum force and normal reaction makes with the normal is called angle of friction. 26. If a body placed on a rough inclined plane is just on the point of sliding down, then the angle of inclination of the plane with horizontal is called angle of repose. 27. = tan = tan i.e. Angle of repose = Angle of limiting friction.

Objective Questions (Mechanics)

1. The relation between time t and distance x is t= ax 2+ bx, where a and b are constants. The acceleration is (i) -2abv2 (ii) 2bv3 (iii) -2av3 (iv) 2av2 2. The numerical ratio of velocity to speed is (i) <0 (ii) <1 (iii) either greater than or equal to 1 (iv) either less than or equal to 1. 3. A vector of magnitude a is rotated through angle . The magnitude of change in vector will be (i) 2a sin/2 (ii) 2acos/2 (iii) 2asin (iv) 2acos. 4. A ball is thrown at different angles with the same speed u and from the same point, and it has same range in both the cases. If y and d be the height attained in the two cases then y+d will be (i) u2/g (ii) 2u2/g (iii) u2/2g (iv) u2/4g 5. An aero plane is flying at constant height of 490m above the ground with speed of 300km/h towards a point directly over a person. At what angle should the pilot release relief material so that it reaches the person on the ground? (i) 300 (ii) 450 (iii) 900 (iv) 600. 6. A car moves the half the remaining distance from it to a milk pot in each second. Does the car ever get the milk pot? (i) Car will reach the milk pot (ii) car will not reach. (iii) The limiting value of the average velocity of car is zero. (iv) Car will reach the milk pot in 20 second. 7. If the velocity of the bus is is increased by 50% then the minimum distance in which it can be stopped increases by (i) 100% (ii) 125% (iii) 75% (iv) 112.5% 8. From a 200m high tower one ball is thrown upwards with speed of 10m/s and another thrown vertically downwards with same speed simultaneously. The time difference of their reaching the ground is (i) 1s (ii) 12s (iii)2s (iv) 6s. 9. The point of applications of forces 5i +4j +10k Newton is displaced from 2i +3j+4k metre to 7i + 7j + 8k. What is the kinetic energy gained by the system? (i) 9j (ii) 11j (iii) 49j (iv) 81j. 10. A car starts with a constant acceleration of 2m/s2; at the same instant, a truck traveling with a constant speed of 10m/s overtakes and passes the car. The car will overtake the truck at a distance s meter from the starting point. Then s is (i) 100m (ii) 150m (iii) 75m (iv) 125m. 11. One end of the spring balance is stretched by a force of 2N and an equal and opposite force is applied on its other end. The reading of the spring balance will be (i) 4N (ii) 2N (iii) 0 (iv) Any value between0 and 4N

12. A body of mass 2kg collides with a wall with speed 100m/s and rebounds with the same speed. The force exerted on the wall is 2x104N. The time of contact is (i) 1/50sec (ii) 1/25sec (iii) 1/60sec (iv) 1sec. 13. A monkey is descending from the branch of a tree with a constant acceleration. If the breaking strength of the branch is 75% of the weight of the monkey, the minimum acceleration with which monkey can slide down without breaking the branch is (i) g (ii) 3g/4 (iii) g/2 (iv) g/4. 14. A machine gun fires a bullet of mass 40g with a velocity 1200m/s. The man holding it can exert a max. Force of 144N on the gun. How many bullets can he fire per sec at the most? (i) One (ii) four (iii) Two (iv) Three. 15. A bomb explodes in air when it has horizontal speed 100km/h. It breaks into two pieces of mass1:2. If lighter mass goes vertically with speed 200km/h, the speed of heavier mass is (i) 200km/h (ii) 250km/h (iii) 300km/h (iv) 500km/h. 16. A 1000kg car moves on a rough road where road friction is 10% and air friction is 5% of the weight of the car. Power required to move the body at the constant speed of 36km/h is (i) 10kW (ii) 20kw (iii) 15kW (iv) 30kW. 17. A body of mass 1kg crosses a point O with a velocity 60m/s. A force of 10N directed towards O begins to act on it. It will again cross O in (i) 24s (ii) 12s (iii) 6s (iv) 3s. 18. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a rope of mass m. If a force P is applied at free end of the rope, the force exerted by the rope on the block is (i) Pm/M+m (ii) Pm/M-m (iii) P (iv) PM/M+m. 19. A heavy uniform chain lies on a horizontal table. If between the chain and table surface is 0.25 then the maximum fraction of length of the chain that can hang over one edge of the table is (i) 20% (ii) 25% (iii) 35% (iv) 15%. 20. The slope of the potential energy versus position vector gives (i) Power (ii) work done (iii) Force (iv) momentum. 21. If a body of mass 3kg is dropped from the top of a tower of height 25m, then the kinetic energy after 3s will be (i) 557J (ii) 246J (iii) 1048J (iv) 1297J. 22. A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle of radius r under the influence of a centripetal force given by k/r2, where k is a constant. What is the energy of the particle? (i) k/2r (ii) k/2r (iii) k/r (iv) k/r 23. A body of mass m accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity V in time T. What is the instantaneous power delivered to the body at time t? (i) m2V2t/T2 (ii) mV2t/T2 (iii) mVt/T (iv) mV2t/T. 24. A force F=3x2-2x acts on a body of mass 10kg and displaces it from x=0 to x=4m. The work done by force is equal to (i) 56 erg (ii) 56W (iii) 56J (iv) 56Ns. 25. A pump motor is used to deliver water at a certain rate from a given pipe of area of cross section A. To obtain n times water from the pipe in the same time the power of the motor should be increased by (i) n2P (ii) n3P (iii) nP (iv) P Prepared By Sunil Pathak

UNIT-V (ROTATIONAL MOTION)

(For Competitive Exam)

A Brief Review of Concepts

1. For a system of N-particles the position of centre of mass will be given by r= (m1r1+m2r2+. +mnrn/m1+m2+. 2. The location of centre of mass remains unchanged in rotatory motion. But it changes in translatory motion. 3. The position of centre of mass depends on the shape of the body and distribution of its mass. Hence it may lie within or outside of body. In symmetrical bodies in which the distribution of mass is homogeneous, the centre of mass coincides with geometric centre. 4. Centre of mass of an isolated system (because no external force acts on the system) always moves with constant velocity. 5. The torque about an axis of rotation is equal to the product of the magnitude of force and perpendicular distances of the line of action of force from the axis of rotation. Mathematically = r x F where symbols have their usual meaning. 6. The torque plays the same role in rotatory motion as the force plays in translatory motion. 7. The property of body by virtue of which it opposes any change in its state of rotation about an axis is known as moment of inertia about that axis. Mathematically I=MR2. 8. The M.I is also written as I=MK2 where K= (r12+r22+..)/n called radius of gyration. 9. Relation between torque and M.I is = I 10. Relation between angular momentum and M.I is L= I. 11. Equations of rotational motion are (i) 2=1 + t (ii) = 1t +1/2 t2 (iii) 22= 12 + 2 12. Rate of change of angular momentum is also called torque acting upon the body. 13. According to theorem of perpendicular axes: Iz = Ix + Iy According to theorem of parallel axes: I = Ic + Ma2 Where Ic is the momentum of inertia about an axis passing through the centre of mass and parallel to the given axis, and a is the distance between the two axis. 14. Kinetic energy of a body rolling without slipping is given by Mv2 [1+ (k2/r2)] 15. For rolling down an inclined plane without slipping: (a) Velocity acquired by the body v = [2Mgh/M+ (I/R2)]

(b) Acceleration of the body

a = Mg sin/M+I/R2

NUMERICAL ASSIGNMENT (ROTATIONAL MOTION) (CLASS XI) COMPETITIVE EXAM BASED Q1. In HCI molecule the separation between the nuclei of H and CI atom is 1.27A0. If the mass of CI atom is 35.5 times of H atom. Obtain the C.M of molecule. Q2. A wheel has a constant angular acceleration of 4 rad/s 2. The wheel turns through and angle of 150 rad in 3 sec. If the wheel starts from rest, find (i) angular speed (ii) time elapsed at the commencement of 3 sec time interval. Q3. A sphere of radius r and mass m rolls down a horizontal plane. When it reaches the bottom of an incline with velocity V0, assuming that it rolls without slipping, how far up the incline would it travel? Q4. An ice skater spins at 3 rad/s, with her arm extend. If her M.I with arm folded is 75% of that with arm extended, calculate her angular velocity when she fold her arm and obtain the fractional change in her kinetic energy. Q5. Two wheels of moment of inertia I1 and I2 are rotating with angular speeds w1 and w2 respectively. They are coupled face to face so as to rotate with same angular speed. Calculate angular speed. Q6. A rupee coin starting from rest rolls down a distance of 1m on an inclined plane of angle = 300, with the horizontal. Calculate the time taken. Q7. Calculate the linear acceleration of centre of mass of ball, which rolls down without slipping down an inclined plane with angle of 300. Q8. A constant torque of 200 Nm rotates a wheel about its centre. The M.I about this axis being 50 Kg M2. Calculate the angular speed gained in 5 Sec. Q9. A cylinder of length L and radius R weighs W. The cords are wrapped around the

Cylinder, One near each end, and the cord ends are attached to hooks on the ceiling. The cylinder is held horizontally with two cords exactly vertical and then released. Calculate the tension in the cords as they unwind. Q10. A uniform disc of mass m and radius r is projected horizontally with velocity V0 on a rough horizontal floor so that it starts off with a purely sliding motion at t = 0. After t sec it acquires purely rolling motion. Calculate the velocity of centre of mass of disc at t. Q11. A solid sphere spinning with w0 is gentle placed in contact a rough horizontal and smooth inclined plane. If <tan determine after what time the sphere comes to rest. Q12. A flywheel has M.I of 1 Kg m2. It is rotating at a speed of 2 rev/s. Find constant torque required to stop the wheel in 5 rotations. Calculate the work done by breaking torque also.

Q13. A flywheel is accelerated by a steady torque of 25 Nm so that it makes 3 revolutions in first sec of its motion. The mass of the flywheel is 15 Kg. Calculate the radius of gyration of flywheel. Q14. The driving wheel of a belt attached to an electric motor has a radius of 0.25m. It makes 40 rev/sec. The tension in the belt is 200N on slack side and 1000N on tight side. Calculate the power transmitted by the belt. Q15. An aircraft propeller has a mass of 100 Kg and radius of gyration 1m. Calculate its M.I. Also find the magnitude of unbalance torque that can produce an angular acceleration of 20 rad/s2. Q16. Two masses m1 and m2 are connected by a mass less spring having natural length l 0. The spring is made completely compressed and tied by a string. This system moving with velocity V0 along +ve X- axis passes from origin. At the time t=0 string breaks. Position of the mass m1 at time t is governed by the equation x 1(t) = V0t-A (I-cos t) where A is constant. Calculate (i) position of particle m2 as a function of time t. (ii) natural length l0 in terms of A. Q17. A rope is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3 Kg and radius 40 cm. What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder if the rope is pulled with the force of 30N? What is the linear acceleration of the rope? Q18. A solid sphere of mass 100 gm and radius 2.5 cm rolls, without slipping with a uniform velocity of 10 cm/s along a straight line on a smooth horizontal table. Calculate its total energy in ergs. Q19. A disc of mass 0.10 Kg and radius 1 decimeter has a little projection of negligible mass on its circumference. A 10 gm bit of putty moving with a velocity of 500 cm/s strikes this projection and stick fast. Find the angular velocity of disc. Q20. A solid sphere ball rolls on table. What fraction of its total K.E is rotational? Q21. A flywheel of mass 65.4 Kg is made in the form of a circular disc of radius 18 cm, it is driven by a belt whose tensions at the points where it runs on and off the rim of the flywheel are 2Kg and 5Kg weight respectively. If the wheel is rotating at a certain instant at 60 rpm, find how long it will be before the speed has reached 210 rpm while the flywheel is rotating at this later speed the belt is slipped off and a brake applied. Find the constant braking couple required to stop the wheel in 7 revolutions. Q22. A solid cylinder of radius 4cm and mass 25 gm rolls down an inclined plane (1 in 10). Find the acceleration and the total energy of the cylinder after 5 sec. Q23. Calculate the angular momentum of the electron of the hydrogen atom about its own nucleus. Given, radius of electron orbit 0.58A0 and time for one revolution of the electron in its orbit = 1.51 x 10-16 Prepared By: Sunil Pathak

Rotational Motion (Numerical Problems) C.B.S.E Based

1. A fly wheel rotating at 420 r.p.m slows down at constant rate of 2 rad s-2 . What time is required to stop the fly wheel? 2. The speed of a motor increases from 600 r.p.m to 1200 r.p.m in 20 sec. What is its angular acceleration and how many revolutions does it make during this time? 3. A grinding stone of radius 2m revolving at 120 r.p.m accelerates to 660 r.p.m in 9 sec. find the angular and linear acceleration. 4. A torque of 20 Nm is applied on a wheel initially at rest. Calculate the angular momentum of the wheel after 3 sec. 5. Energy of 484 J is spent in increasing the speed the wheel from 60 r.p.m to 360 r.p.m. Find M.I of the wheel. 6. A particle performing circular motion has angular momentum L. What will be the new angular momentum if its angular frequency is doubled and kinetic energy halved? 7. A solid sphere is rolling on a frictionless plane surface about its axis of symmetry. Find the ratio of its (a) rotational energy to its total energy and (b) translational energy to rotational energy. 8. If the earth suddenly contracts to one third of its present radius, calculated by how much the day would be shortened. 9. The sun rotates around itself once in 27 days. What will be its period of revolution, if the sun were to expand twice its present radius? Consider the sun to be a sphere. 10. Torques of equal magnitude are applied to a hollow cylinder and a solid sphere, both having the same mass and radius. The cylinder is free to rotate about an axis passing through its centre. Which of the two will acquire a greater angular speed after a given time? Prepared by- SUNIL PATHAK