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    Presentation On Mumbai

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    Umesh Pandey
    Mumbai is a large metropolitan city in India that has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth. It has developed from a group of islands used as a port by the Portuguese to a major economic center containing a variety of industries. While Mumbai accounts for a large percentage of India's tax revenue and economic activity, it also has stark divides between economic classes and a lack of equitable access to services and opportunities. The city is a melting pot of different ethnic and religious groups but remains fairly segregated along socioeconomic lines. Providing improved access to education, information, and learn-while-you-earn programs is seen as important for reducing inequalities in the city.

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    Presentation On Mumbai

    Uploaded by

    Umesh Pandey
    395 views29 pages
    Mumbai is a large metropolitan city in India that has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth. It has developed from a group of islands used as a port by the Portuguese to a major economic center containing a variety of industries. While Mumbai accounts for a large percentage of India's tax revenue and economic activity, it also has stark divides between economic classes and a lack of equitable access to services and opportunities. The city is a melting pot of different ethnic and religious groups but remains fairly segregated along socioeconomic lines. Providing improved access to education, information, and learn-while-you-earn programs is seen as important for reducing inequalities in the city.

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    It a View of mumbai from management student

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    Mumbai is a large metropolitan city in India that has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth. It has developed from a group of islands used as a port by the Portuguese to a major economic center containing a variety of industries. While Mumbai accounts for a large percentage of India's tax revenue and economic activity, it also has stark divides between economic classes and a lack of equitable access to services and opportunities. The city is a melting pot of different ethnic and religious groups but remains fairly segregated along socioeconomic lines. Providing improved access to education, information, and learn-while-you-earn programs is seen as important for reducing inequalities in the city.

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    395 views29 pages

    Presentation On Mumbai

    Uploaded by

    Umesh Pandey
    Mumbai is a large metropolitan city in India that has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth. It has developed from a group of islands used as a port by the Portuguese to a major economic center containing a variety of industries. While Mumbai accounts for a large percentage of India's tax revenue and economic activity, it also has stark divides between economic classes and a lack of equitable access to services and opportunities. The city is a melting pot of different ethnic and religious groups but remains fairly segregated along socioeconomic lines. Providing improved access to education, information, and learn-while-you-earn programs is seen as important for reducing inequalities in the city.

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    Mumbai

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    Established by the Portuguese a group of seven islands that formed a shelterd harbour. Bom bai---Good Bay Given as dowry to the British on the marriage British developed it as a port and a trading and manufacturing centre.

    Modern textile industries. Import of labour from the surrounding countryside. Housing for the labour/ Chawl system and its impact on Mumbais ethos and life perspectives even today.

    Mumbai accounts for yearly 33 % of Indias income tax collection, 20 % of all central excise tax collections, 40 % of the India's foreign trade; and generates Rs 40 billion (US$ 9 billion) in corporate taxes. Net domestic product (NDP) Greater Mumbai, 1994-95 (199394 prices): 2,565,664 (tertiary sector, 60 %). Annual Budget (2009-10) Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM}: Rs 19749.60 crore (USD 4,120 million) several times larger than that of many small Indian states.
    Sources: Municipal Annual Budget, 2005, Economic Profile, Mumbai 2005. District Domestic Product of Maharashtra, 1993-94 to 1998-1999, Government of Maharashtra, 2001, Mumbai. Annual Budget, 2009-10, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai.

    Mumbai has a per capita income of Rs 50,000 over three times for the rest of India.

    Graph 1: Distribution of Income Groups, Mumbai


    Distribution of Income Groups, Mumbai

    BPL Lower middle class middle class upper middle class and the rich

    In sum Mumbai is a middle class city which manifests sharp divides.buffered by the middle class.
    Source: Compiled from various government sources

    * No significant poor-rich segregation of city areas >35% of poor live in central and northern parts 20 % of top income groups live in central part However, there has been a gradual shift towards removing poor housing and slums from rising middle class localities in the name of beautification of the city. Middle class activism often targets lower income and working class neighbourhoods and seeks their removal. **

    Population (Census 2001): 188.93 lakh (i.e. 10 per cent of Indias urban population) Population Density: 27,000 /sq. km. Sex ratio (no. of females to 1000 male) of 833 Literacy: Males: 82 %; Females: 72 % (more or less true even in slums) Population Characteristics: Resident (not indigent) workers: 38 % of total population of Greater Mumbai (2001 Census). Migrants entering in 1991: 0.28 million Migrants comprised 17 per cent of the population increase in 1990s. Years of residence: 25 % --< 10 years; 26 % -- > 20 years Average age at migration: 24 years

    It is not so much a melting pot of language groups, religions, communities and castes, as a well-blended mix or bhelpuri, Mumbais well-known spicy street food of puffed rice, salad vegetables 4. Religious Groups: Hindus: 68 % Muslims: 17 % Christians: 4 % Buddhists: 4 % Parsis, Jains, Sikhs, Jews and others: 17 % Languages spoken: 58 (unofficial) 5. Ethnicity/Regional groups Maharastrians: 50 % Non-Maharashtrians (South Indians, Gujaratis, Sindhis, Parsis, North Indians): 50 %.

    Cultural capital
    Mumbais entertainment industry makes it a cultural capital---even though its a melting pot of classical arts. TV production is a major industry providing opportunities for millions.

    Oppportunities in DreamCity
    The film and entertainment world is a huge draw and provider of employment; Old industries like textiles and big manufacturing are dying and moving away; Service industries, IT and information-based industries are growing; Most importantly its the capital of informal setor---manufacturing, commerce, trade, communications.

    Maximum City
    Its a highly competitive city. There is room for an ordinary night-school student to become an academic; or door-to door salesman to become an industrialist. The film world both a vendor of dreams and a stage upon which to enact those dreams. This means the struggle to succeed is intense.

    How equitable is the city?


    In terms of access to services in our youth survey while more than 75 per cent felt that most people had access to most services like water, electricity, less than half felt that they were well organised. That is, services can be somehow obtained, but not as a matter of right.

    Mumbai has been developing plasn for city development over a long time---but that does not mean that it is a planned city. An equitable and sustainable city has never been the central focus.

    Income levels and perceptions

    The city and the western region have had a long history of peoples activism. However, while it was the locale of labour agitations, it hasnever been a vibrant youth organisation acting affiliated or unaffiliated.

    Political activism and political processes do not appear to find takers among the citys youth. It wasnt disinterest, they said rather a lack of time that made young people unwilling to participate in any sort of political activity. And yet, in times of need it is the young who have mobilised to lend support and protested the inequality of treatment to social groups.

    Is gender a particular factor in exclusion? Not in the city, said the participants. Both men and women agreed that the city was safe for women, and no occupation or activity was barred to women. It was up to them to make use of these.

    Important factors
    Access to Education is the single most important factor in bridging the urban divide. Even in cities like Mumbai where there are number of opportunities for earning money, at some point the lack of education is a barrier to progress. Provision of learn while you earn schemes, like Mumbais night schools, is important.

    Some pointers

    Critical to creating a city of equal opportunities is the access to information. Whatever the programmes and schemes, unless people know about it, they are useless. There is plenty of evidence today that this is ineed so.

    In sum, the youth survey and this UNHABITAT report has not only provided valuable information, but has shown that young people are good at assessing problems in society; Are inherently conscious of issues of inequality; Are remarkably perceptive in assessing the reasons for the divide; And are capable of designing resolutions to these problems that affect them and their futures.

    Thank you

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