Surgical: Episiotomy

Medication Oxytocin To promote expulsion of the placenta & for induction of labor in primary or secondary uterine inertia in the
3rd stage of parturition. Prophylaxis & treatment of postpartum bleeding due to uterine atonia. To ensure adequate uterine contractions after cesarean section. Incomplete or febrile abortion. C: Disproportion of the fetus w/ the pelvis, transversal & oblique position of the fetus & cases involving the danger of uterine rupture Ferrous sulfate Prevention & treatment of vitamin, folic acid & iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, lactation & menstrual blood loss. Also for nutritional support, appetite stimulation & daily vitamin supplementation. N: Should be taken on an empty stomach. Best taken between meals. May be taken w/ meals to reduce GI discomfort.
Surgical
Episiotomy <span>To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.</span> Share on facebookShare on twitterEpisiotomy is a procedure sometimes done during childbirth to make a woman's vaginal opening bigger. This make it easier to deliver the baby. Description The skin between the vagina and anus is cut. This area is called the perineum. Just before the baby is born, the obstetrician numbs the vaginal area opening and makes one of two cuts:

A mediolateral cut is angled down away from the vagina and into the muscle. A midline cut is made straight down between the vagina and anus.
The cut makes the opening to the vagina bigger. The cut is stitched closed after the baby and placenta have been delivered.
Why the Procedure is Performed Episiotomies were once routinely performed to prevent vaginal tears during delivery. Today, routine episiotomies are not recommended. However, episiotomies may still be done if:

The baby's head or shoulders are too big for the mother's vaginal opening The baby is in a breech position (feet or buttocks coming first) and there is a problem during delivery
It may also be needed to speed the delivery process if there is concern about the baby's heart rate. Women who have an episiotomy have more intercourse-related pain after pregnancy, and wait longer before having sex after childbirth. There is a chance the episiotomy can lead to a larger tear, or it may tear the muscles around the rectum. This can lead to later problems with controlling gas and sometimes stool. These problems are less likely if you do not have an episiotomy, and the skin tears naturally during childbirth. Additional risks of an episiotomy include:

Bleeding Bruising Incontinence Infection Swelling
After the Procedure An episiotomy usually heals without problems and may be easier to repair than multiple tears. Outlook (Prognosis) You can return to normal activities shortly after the birth. The stitches are absorbed by the body and do not need to be removed. Pain medication and ice can help relieve discomfort for the first day. After that, warm baths are helpful.
Diagnostic exam Ultrasound <span>To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.</span> Email this page to a friend Share on facebook Share on twitter Bookmark & Share Printer-friendly version Ultrasound involves the use of high-frequency sound waves to create images of organs and systems within the body. How the Test is Performed An ultrasound machine creates images that allow various organs in the body to be examined. The machine sends out high-frequency sound waves, which reflect off body structures. A computer receives these reflected waves and uses them to create a picture. Unlike with an x-ray or CT scan, there is no ionizing radiation exposure with this test. The test is done in the ultrasound or radiology department. You will be lying down for the procedure. A clear, water-based conducting gel is applied to the skin over the area being examined to help with the transmission of the sound waves. A handheld probe called a transducer is moved over the area being examined. You may be asked to change position so that other areas can be examined. For specific information about ultrasound examinations, please refer to the following topics:

Abdominal ultrasound Breast ultrasound Doppler ultrasound of an arm or a leg Doppler/ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram) Duplex ultrasound Pregnancy ultrasound Testicle ultrasound Thyroid ultrasound Transvaginal ultrasound Vascular ultrasound
How to Prepare for the Test Preparation for the procedure will depend on the body region being examined.
How the Test Will Feel There is generally little discomfort with ultrasound procedures. The conducting gel may feel slightly cold and wet. Why the Test is Performed The reason for the examination will depend on your symptoms. Normal Results Results are considered normal if the organs and structures in the region being examined are normal in appearance. What Abnormal Results Mean The significance of abnormal results will depend on the body region being examined and the nature of the problem. Consult your health care provider with any questions and concerns. Risks There are no documented risks. No ionizing radiation exposure is involved. Considerations Most ultrasound examinations are performed in the manner described. However, certain circumstances require that the ultrasound probe be inserted into the body, rather than simply passing it over the skin. Consult your health care provider to determine the specifics of your test.

Surgical: Episiotomy

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Medication Oxytocin To promote expulsion of the placenta & for induction of labor in primary or secondary uterine inertia in the

Bleeding Bruising Incontinence Infection Swelling

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