HT Unit - V

DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - V ASSIGNMENT PART B 1.
1. A fruit juice solution of 15% concentration is evaporated to a final concentration of 75% at a rate of 250 lit/hr of feed in a vacuum pan evaporator with heating coils. Vacuum is adjusted continuously such that the solution boils at only 60C always. Steam at 120C is used in the coils for heating, average overall heat transfer coefficient is 2513 KJ/hr m 2 0C. Estimate the heating surface area required. State your assumptions clearly. Given Data: Mean specific gravity of feed solution is 1.4 and specific heat is 3.56 KJ/Kg C.
2. A solution of organic colloids in water is to be concentrated form 8% to 45% in a single
effect evaporator. Steam is available at a gauge pressure of 1.03 atm. A pressure of 102 mm Hg absolute is to be maintained in the vapor phase. The feed rate to the evaporator is 12000 kg/hr. The overall heat transfer coefficient can be taken as 2800 W/m2C. The solution has a negligible elevation in boiling point and a negligible heat of conduction. Calculate: (a) Steam consumption (b) The economy (c) The heating area required. Consider the feed temperature is 21C. The specific heat of the feed solution is 3.77KJ/kg C and the latent heat of vaporization of the solution may be taken equal to that of water. Radiation losses may be neglected.
3. 1.5 kg/s of a solution containing 1.0 wt. % solids is fed to a single effect evaporator at
303 K. It is to be concentrated to a solution of 1.5 wt. % solids. Evaporation takes place at atmospheric pressure. Saturated steam is supplied at 205 KN/m2 for heating. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 3000 W/m2.K, what is the surface area required? Suitable assumptions may be made, if necessary. Saturation temperatures of steam at 205 KN/m2 = 125C and latent heat of vaporization = 2200KJ/kg. 4. A solution containing 3 kg salt per 100 kg of solution is evaporated to 15% solids in the evaporator. Heat capacity of the solution is 4.1 KJ/kg and that of 15% solution is 3.8 KJ/kg K. Feed temperature is 20C and the boiling point in the evaporator is 105C. Steam is used for heating and steam gives only its latent heat of vapor, 2198 KJ/kg. How many kg of steam is required per kg of feed? State your assumptions.
5. 1000 kg of dilute solution of 5% concentration is concentrated to 35% solids using a
single-effect evaporator. The feed enters at 30C and a reduced pressure of 0.33 kg/cm 2 is
maintained in the liquor boils at 75C. Saturated steam at 115C is supplied to the steam chest. No sub-cooling of the condensate occurs. Calculate the steam requirement using the following data: Specific heat of liquor = 0.946 kcal/kg C; Latent heat of steam at 0.33 kg/cm2 = 556.5 kcal/kg; boiling point of H2O at this pressure = 345 K. The overall heat transfer coefficient = 2100 kcal/hr m2C.
6. An aqueous solution is concentrated form 8% to 45% solids in a single effect evaporator.
Steam is available at 3 kg/cm2(abs). A pressure of 15 cm Hg abs is to be maintained at the vapor phase. Feed rate is 20000 kg/hr and it enters at 28C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 2350 kcals/hr m2 C. The solution has no boiling point elevation. Specific heats of feed and concentrated solution are 0.85 and 0.65 cals/g m C respectively. Calculate the heating surface area and steam consumption assuming no radiation losses.
7. A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 9720 kg/hr of a 20% percent solution of
NaOH to 50% solids. The gauge pressure of the steam is to be 1.37 atm; the absolute pressure in the vapor phase is to be 100 mm of Hg. The overall coefficient is 1.35 kW/m2 k. the feed temperature is 36 An aqueous solution is concentrated form 8% to 45% solids in a single effect evaporator. Steam is available at 3 kg/cm2(abs). A pressure of 15 cm Hg abs is to be maintained at the vapor phase. Feed rate is 20000 kg/hr and it enters at 28C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 2350 kcals/hr m2 C. The solution has no boiling point elevation. Specific heat of feed and concentrated solution is 0.85 and 0.65 cals/g m C respectively. Calculate the heating surface area and steam consumption assuming no radiation losses. Calculate the amount of steam consumed the economy and the heat surface required.
8. A single effect evaporator operates at 13KN/m2 pressure. What will be the necessary
surface area required to concentrate 1.5 kg/s of 10% caustic soda to 40%, using the steam at 390 K? Heating surface is 1.0 m below the liquid level. Assume the value of overall heat transfer coefficient, U, as 1200 w/m2 K. Data given: Boiling point rise of the solution = 30 K Feed temperature = 290 K Sp. Heat of the feed = 4000 J/kg K Sp. Heat of the product = 3250 J/kg K Sp. Gravity of the boiling liquid = 1.40.
9. An aqueous solution is concentrated form 8% to 45% solids in a single effect evaporator.
Steam is available at 3 kg/cm2 (abs). A pressure of 15 cm Hg abs is to be maintained at the vapour phase. Feed rate is 20000 kg/hr and it enters at 28C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 2350 kcals/hr m2 C. The solution has no boiling point elevation. Specific heat of feed and concentrated solution is 0.85 and 0.65 cals /g m C respectively. Calculate the heating surface area and steam consumption assuming no radiation losses. 10. Discuss the operation and advantages of a multiple effect evaporator. 11. Discuss the classification of evaporator with the help of neat sketches. Why is multiple effect operation preferred over a single effect evaporation unit? 12. Write short notes on: i. ii. iii. Boiling point elevation Duhrings rule and explain its significance in evaporation Effects of boiling point elevation and hydrostatic head on evaporator capacity.

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DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY HEAT TRANSFER UNIT - V ASSIGNMENT PART B 1.

9. An aqueous solution is concentrated form 8% to 45% solids in a single effect evaporator.

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