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    The document provides information on several early Christian churches and basilicas from the 4th-14th centuries. It describes their architectural features such as floor plans, dome structures, materials, and decorative elements. Some of the churches discussed include the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, and San Vitale in Ravenna.

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    The document provides information on several early Christian churches and basilicas from the 4th-14th centuries. It describes their architectural features such as floor plans, dome structures, materials, and decorative elements. Some of the churches discussed include the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, and San Vitale in Ravenna.

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    The document provides information on several early Christian churches and basilicas from the 4th-14th centuries. It describes their architectural features such as floor plans, dome structures, materials, and decorative elements. Some of the churches discussed include the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, and San Vitale in Ravenna.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    194 views28 pages

    Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Mike Schaeffer
    The document provides information on several early Christian churches and basilicas from the 4th-14th centuries. It describes their architectural features such as floor plans, dome structures, materials, and decorative elements. Some of the churches discussed include the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, and San Vitale in Ravenna.

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    of 28

    Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano

    Dedicated to John the Evangelist, 1st among the 4 major basilicas of Rome Built by Constantine the Great in the 4th C. 1st church to be built in Rome Brick faced concrete, marble monolithic columns, and simple timber truss roofs Large single nave flanked by 2 side aisles on either side separated by a colonnade

    The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, 333CE.

    This church had an octagonal floor plan 93 x 95ft and was placed directly above a cave Founded by Constantine, and his mother St. Helena over the supposed birthplace of Christ Surrounded by a high wall which encloses the precincts of the Latins, Greeks, and Armenians, who jointly own the church Has an forecourt and atrium, monolithic Corinthian columns 19 ft. high off the nave, 5 aisles, and 3 apses of the sanctuary with a martyrium St. Jerome lived and worked in Bethlehem from 384 AD, and he was buried in a cave beneath the Church of the Nativity

    Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem c. 335


    Erected by Constantine over the reputed tomb of Christ, defaced and damaged by the Saracens and Persians, rebuilt by Crusaders and often restored It consisted of an atrium, a covered basilica, an open courtyard with the stone of Golgotha in the SE corner, and the tomb of Christ, enshrined in a small, circular edifice The conical rock cut tomb of Christ was not completed at the dedication because of the immense labor involved in cutting away the cliff in order to isolate the tomb which was supported by 12 columns

    Anastasis Rotunda, Jerusalem 1609 engraving


    55ft in diameter round structure to aggrandize the tomb Capped by a conical wooden roof containing an oculus Built around the earlier canopied sepulcher to commemorate the Anastasis Rotunda had an internal ambulatory

    S. Maria Maggiore, Rome, 432


    Built by Pope Sixtus III it is the only church of which there is evidence that it was originally a pagan basilica The interior is a 3-aisled basilica, with its Ionic marble columns and entablature surmounted by the original mosaics of Sixtus III dealing with Old Testament history, culminating in the Arch of Triumph, High Altar, and baldacchino, beneath which is the confessio

    Church of Santa Constanza, Rome, c. 338-50

    Church of Santa Sabina, Rome, 422-32

    Interior S. Stefano Rotundo, Rome, 468-83


    Built as a martyrium Comprised of 3 shells of structure: I.ambulatory II.tall central nave over a circular Ionic order III.4 high chapels opening through regular spaced columnar screens at the outer wall On the exterior between the chapels were open courtyards with pools and arcaded porticoes

    Plan of San Lorenzo, Milan c.370


    Built as a chapel of the imperial palace it derives from the famous lost Golden Octagon of Antioch as a Constantinian model with its double shelled plan The large central space 78ft sq. and originally rising to 90ft pushed out in all 4 directions in the form of 2 storied columnar screens supporting domes The L-shaped corner structures were open-arched piers sweeping the exedrae 360 degrees

    Orthodox Baptistery, Ravenna, 400-50


    Constructed next to the cathedral of Ravenna in the early 4th C. Renovated in 450-60, wooden ceiling replaced w/ dome marble, stucco, and mosaic added for interior 8 circular niches contain Christian iconography Octagonal with 2 internal wall arcades one above the other, similarly placed to the superimposed columns The upper arcade is subdivided into triple arches under each main arch The domes constructed of hollow tiles with 5th C. mosaics representing the Baptism of Christ

    Church of S.Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna 534-49


    Dedicated 549 by Bishop Maximianus Atrium gone, but simple geometry of brick exterior reflects interior space Narthex entrance spans the full width of the ground floor, long nave w/clerestory ends in a semicircular apse (polygonal on the exterior), and 2 side aisles flank the nave Apse has marble and goldground mosaic lends to the eastern world

    The Tomb of Theodoric, Ravenna, 526CE.


    2 stories, of which the lower, a decagon externally 45ft in diameter, encloses a cruciform crypt The upper story is circular internally and has traces of an external arcade The roof is formed of one huge slab of stone weighing 470 tons and hollowed into a flattish dome, 35ft in diameter, on which stone handles are formed for hoisting it into position The ashes of the founder were deposited in an urn above the dome

    Isometric of Hagia Sophia

    Byzantine dome on pendentives

    Erected in the 6th C,. serves a model for the Hagia Sophia and San Vitale The masonry uses bricks sunk in thick beds of mortar The building is an octagon inscribed in an irregular quadrilateral surmounted by an umbrella dome, which stands on 8 pillars Inside the edifice there is a 2-story colonnade which bears an inscription dedicated to the Emperor, Theodora, and St Sergius, the patronst of the soldiers of the Roman army The lower story has 16 columns, while the upper has 18 Many of the capitals still bear the monograms of Justinian and Theodora

    San Vitale, Ravenna, 526


    Central-domed octagon extended by bays surrounded by an ambulatory and gallery, all covered by vaults will directly inspire Charlemagnes Palatine Chapel at Aachen A rectangular sanctuary and semicircular apse project from one of the sides of the octagon. Circular rooms flank the apse Separate narthex joined church and palace and led to stairs for upper gallery The design, as well as the execution (thin bricks with thick mortar beds, columns and capitals made of marble, rich marble revetments and mosaics) suggest that the architect may have been from Constantinople Other features, such as the dome, made of ceramic tubular elements indicate that local builders must have also taken part in the construction The church sanctuary has preserved its original decoration

    Basilica San Marco, Venice,106394


    Greek-cross plan covered by 5 domes separated by barrel-vaults supported by pendentives Marble covers the lower walls and golden mosaics above cover the vaults, pendentives, and domes Served as the cathedral church, as well as the palace church of the doges The original, low-profiled brick domes were covered by much higher roofs of bulbous profile which give the building its "exotic" character

    Modeled in its plan after Justinian's Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople The chapel had served since the 9th C. as a martyrium Holds the relics of St. Mark brought to Venice from Alexandria in 828

    St. Hripsime, Armenia, 618

    In the 4th C., St Gregory saw a vision in which Christ descended from the heavens, and struck the ground with a golden hammer to level it. In its place he saw the site where Hripsim was martyred. In the vision, Christ tells him to erect a memorial to Hripsme in the given place

    Has a 4 apsed cross-arms radiating from the domed center separated by cylindrical diagonal niches Has withstood numerous earthquakes due to the use of the walls v-shaped niches The dome supports are able to hold a balanced share of the weight, leaving the squinches less liable to crack or break 12 ribs reinforce the dome, enabling it to be constructed of a lighter and thinner Roman concrete faced with ashlar masonry

    Monastery of Hosios Loukas


    Built in the Middle Byzantine Period which followed the renouncement of iconoclasm in 843 at Phocis which served as a Greek outpost The compact dome of the Katholikon, is comprised of an octagon inscribed in a square, (supported by squinches )it rises above a ring of tall arched windows The earliest known church to implement the Greek-crossoctagonal floorplan

    Church at Graanica, Yugoslavia, c. 1318-21


    Serbian-Byzatine church in Graanica, Yugoslavia, is the only surviving building of the Graanica monastery, built in the 14th C. Starts as a cross-in-square, but then the scheme was elevated above the shoulders of a ground zone of barrelvaulting that formed the outer parts of a cross-in-square scheme of its own Steep interior bays as with the central bay rising 6 times its diameter, and the domes of the corner bays 8 times their base

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