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    Minggu I A

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    Muhammad Ikhsan
    Well logs provide information about rock and fluid properties in the subsurface. They do this by lowering instruments down boreholes to measure properties like: 1) Lithology, porosity, permeability, and structure from electric logs which measure resistivity and spontaneous potential. 2) Fluid identification and saturation from nuclear logs measuring natural radioactivity, density, and neutron properties. 3) Information about the borehole and formations is used to calibrate seismic data and for geological interpretation of depositional environments and facies.

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    Minggu I A

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ikhsan
    23 views34 pages
    Well logs provide information about rock and fluid properties in the subsurface. They do this by lowering instruments down boreholes to measure properties like: 1) Lithology, porosity, permeability, and structure from electric logs which measure resistivity and spontaneous potential. 2) Fluid identification and saturation from nuclear logs measuring natural radioactivity, density, and neutron properties. 3) Information about the borehole and formations is used to calibrate seismic data and for geological interpretation of depositional environments and facies.

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    Well logs provide information about rock and fluid properties in the subsurface. They do this by lowering instruments down boreholes to measure properties like: 1) Lithology, porosity, permeability, and structure from electric logs which measure resistivity and spontaneous potential. 2) Fluid identification and saturation from nuclear logs measuring natural radioactivity, density, and neutron properties. 3) Information about the borehole and formations is used to calibrate seismic data and for geological interpretation of depositional environments and facies.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views34 pages

    Minggu I A

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ikhsan
    Well logs provide information about rock and fluid properties in the subsurface. They do this by lowering instruments down boreholes to measure properties like: 1) Lithology, porosity, permeability, and structure from electric logs which measure resistivity and spontaneous potential. 2) Fluid identification and saturation from nuclear logs measuring natural radioactivity, density, and neutron properties. 3) Information about the borehole and formations is used to calibrate seismic data and for geological interpretation of depositional environments and facies.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 34

    A brief overview of well logs

    WELL LOGGING
    The study of the properties of rocks (& fluids) by petrophysical techniques using electric, nuclear, and acoustical sources Log curve shapes are determined visually from the appearance of the recorded data when plotted versus depth.

    Uses of well logs


    Define physical rock characteristics
    lithology porosity and permeability structure fracture orientation

    Choice depends on budget and purpose.


    $100 million test well every log known to mankind. well in area of known geology might only have electric and gamma ray

    Identify fluids
    Fresh water or brine Oil or gas Amount of saturation

    Information about the well itself


    Width of hole Inspect hole, fractures, etc.

    Calibration of seismic data


    velocities exact identification of reflections

    Materi I II Pendahuluan Wireline Logs SP GR Caliper Resistivity Log Neutron Log Density Log Sonic Logs III IV Borehole Environment & Environmental Correction Quantitative Log Analysis & Interpretaion Fundamental of Quantitative Log Interpretaion Lithology Determination Porosity Determination Exercises & Responsi Determination of Fluids Saturation Exercises & Responsi V Sedimentary Environments from Wireline Logs Information on rock composition Information on Texture Information on Sedimentary Structure Information on Facies and Sequence Interpretation of The Depositional Environments Exercise & Responsi

    Minggu ke1

    Tanggal 2-Sep

    2-3

    9 &16-Sep

    3-4 4 4 5-6 7

    16 & 23-Sep 23 - Sep 23 - Sep 30Sep & 7Oct 14 - Oct

    UTS

    8
    9 10 11 12 13,14 14 15

    21 - Oct
    28 - Oct 4 - Nov 25 - Nov 2 - Dec 9 & 16 - Dec 16 - Dec 23-Dec ?

    UAS

    16

    Grading
    Written tests (60%)

    Midterm (UTS) (30%) Final (30%)

    Practical Work Session (40%) Absensi (< 70% , kehilangan hak untuk perbaikan nilai dan T)

    PRS tanggal 14 17 September 2004

    Types of well logs


    1. 2. Electric
    Spontaneous potential Induction Gamma ray Density Neutron porosity

    Nuclear

    3. 4.

    Acoustic (sonic) Other


    Dipmeter Photoelectric Caliper Imaging NMR Plus new ones

    Gory details
    Instrument lowered on a wire (wireline or borehole logs). Data transmitted to top. Hole is usually uncased, i.e. an open hole held open by pressure of drilling mud (or oil or foam or air). Drilling fluid seeps into surrounding formation. Width of drill hole may vary shale may cave in for example Want to measure properties of uninvaded zone further from the well.

    Electric logs
    Spontaneous potential (SP)
    Measures voltage difference between electrode in well and at surface Shale positive; sand negative Identifies permeable zones (usually sandstone) and boundaries.

    Resistivity
    Uses induction and measures resistivity Distinguishes type of fluid; hydrocarbon, fresh water and brine. Many types and names; differ largely in depth of penetration. Short penetration reflects drilling mud; longer is due to formation water. Usually used in combination and can be used to make quantitative estimates of porosity, permeability, etc.

    Sandstone

    Rocks, fresh water, and hydrocarbons are resistive; current can only flow through rocks containing salt water.

    Nuclear logs
    Density and porosity logs
    Neutron density Amount of hydrogen ion Type of fluid Density can estimate porosity

    Gamma ray Measures natural radioactivity


    Sandstone and carbonate usually low Shale high Sandstones (or carbonates) with feldspar, glauconite, or mica also high due to potassium. Some gamma ray logs may distinguish between potassium, thorium, or uranium. Can be run in cased hole.

    PENENTUAN FASIES : Z-PLOT


    Frequency (%)
    100

    V1 : Tuff / Lithictuff
    0.45 0.45

    (pink) : RHOB : 2.4 2.6; NPHI:0.07 0.2; GR : 60 - 120

    1.9 0

    50

    2.9

    0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 0.35 Approx Gas Corr 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.35 Tuff/Lithictuff/Lava0.25 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.2 Lithictuff/Aglomerat 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.15 Detrital/Rubble Zone 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05 0 0.1 0 0 0.05 -0.05 Langbeinite Polyhalite 0 -0.1
    0Andesit/Basalt Lava
    -0.05 0.075 0.2

    Sulphur Salt

    0.4

    V2 : Lithictuff / Aglomerat
    (hijau) : RHOB : 2.0 - 2.5; NPHI:0.2 0.4; GR : 90 - 130

    RHOB .ASCII_Load [A14498634] (g/cm3)

    2.2

    2.1

    Density Porosity (rma = 2.71) -0.15

    V3 : Detrital / Ruble (epiclastic) (kuning) : RHOB : 2.0 2.45; NPHI:0.1 0.3; GR : >90 V4 : Andesit / Basalt Lava (biru) : RHOB : >2.5; NPHI: <0.2 ; GR : >100
    50 100

    2.8

    2.7

    2.6

    2.5

    2.4

    2.3

    0.325

    0.450

    NPHI .ASCII_Load [A14498637] (m3/m3) JTB_066


    Start Depth: Stop Depth: Sampling Rate: X Max Value: X Min Value:
    2092.12 m 2344.81 m m 0.383 m3/m3 0.0388 m3/m3

    Frequency (%)
    1043 973 0 41 0 0

    # Points Total: # Points Plotted: # Points Absent: # Points Cut: # > X Scale Max: # < X Scale Min:

    Frequency (%)

    1.90

    50

    100

    0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 Approx Gas Corr 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.35 Tuff/Lithictuff 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.2 Lithictuff/Aglomerat 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.15 Detrital/Rubble Zone 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05 0 0.1 0 0 -0.05 Langbeinite 0.05 Polyhalite 0 -0.1 Density Porosity (rma = 2.71) -0.15 0Andesit/Basalt Lava 0.35
    -0.05 0.075 0.2 0.325 0.450 50 100

    Sulphur Salt

    0.4

    RHOB .ASCII_Load [A14499222] (g/cm3)

    2.9

    2.8

    2.7

    2.6

    2.5

    2.4

    2.3

    2.2

    2.1

    NPHI .ASCII_Load [A14499225] (m3/m3) JTB_068


    Start Depth: Stop Depth: Sampling Rate: X Max Value: X Min Value: Y Max Value: Y Min Value: Z Max Value:
    2070.03 m 2390.68 m m 0.413 m3/m3 0.0284 m3/m3 2.6992 g/cm3 1.7173 g/cm3 2 6992 g/cm3

    Frequency (%)
    2105 2079 0 22 0 0 0 4 0

    # Points Total: # Points Plotted: # Points Absent: # Points Cut: # > X Scale Max: # < X Scale Min: # > Y Scale Max: # < Y Scale Min: # > Z Scale Max:

    Frequency (%)

    1.9 0

    50

    100

    0.45 0.45
    0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 Approx Gas Corr 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.35 Tuff/Lithictuff 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.2 Lithictuff/Aglomerat 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.15 Detrital/Rubble Zone 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05 0 0.1 0 0 0.05 -0.05 Langbeinite Polyhalite 0 -0.1 Density Porosity (rma = 2.71) -0.15 0Andesit/Basalt Lava
    Sulphur Salt

    0.4

    RHOB .WELLEDIT [A16298444] (g/cm3)

    2.9

    2.8

    2.7

    2.6

    2.5

    2.4

    2.3

    2.2

    2.1

    0.35

    -0.05

    0.075

    0.2

    0.325

    0.450

    50

    100

    NPHI .ASCII_Load [A15971749] (m3/m3) JTB_176


    Start Depth: Stop Depth: Sampling Rate: X Max Value: X Min Value: Y Max Value: Y Min Value: Z Max Value:
    2090 m 2177 m m 0.42 m3/m3 0.02 m3/m3 2.59413 g/cm3 2.05057 g/cm3 2 59413 g/cm3

    Frequency (%
    871 870 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

    # Points Total: # Points Plotted: # Points Absent: # Points Cut: # > X Scale Max: # < X Scale Min: # > Y Scale Max: # < Y Scale Min: # > Z Scale Max:

    Frequency (%)

    1.90

    50

    100

    0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 Approx Gas Corr 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.35 Tuff/Lithictuff/Lava/II/VI 0.25 Tuff/Lithictuff 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.2 Lithictuff/Aglomerat 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.15 0.15 Detrital/Rubble Zone Zone/ 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05 0 0.1 0 0 0.05 -0.05 Langbeinite Polyhalite 0 -0.1 Density Porosity (rma = 2.71) -0.15 0Andesit/Basalt Lava/I/II 0.35
    -0.05 0.075 0.2 0.325 0.450 50 100

    Sulphur Salt

    0.4

    RHOB .WELLEDIT [A16297753] (g/cm3)

    2.9

    2.8

    2.7

    2.6

    2.5

    2.4

    2.3

    2.2

    2.1

    NPHI .ASCII_Load [A14547040] (m3/m3) JTB_113


    Start Depth: Stop Depth: Sampling Rate: X Max Value: X Min Value: Y Max Value: Y Min Value: Z Max Value:
    2057.21 m 2169.97 m m 0.4161 m3/m3 0.0325 m3/m3 2.57146 g/cm3 1.97054 g/cm3 2 57146 g/cm3

    Frequency (%)
    466 445 0 22 0 0 0 0 0

    # Points Total # Points Plotted: # Points Absent: # Points Cut: # > X Scale Max: # < X Scale Min: # > Y Scale Max: # < Y Scale Min: # > Z Scale Max:

    NS 1

    NES 1 NS 1 NES 1

    GS GS NS 2 NES 2

    NS 2

    NES 2

    Sedimentary/ Stratigraphic Cycle of Reservoirs

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