This is the Current CHead at the BOTTOM of the Page 1 SOME OF THE MAIN TOPICS IN THIS CHAPTER ARE

General Information Award BIOS Error Codes AMI BIOS Error Codes Phoenix BIOS Error Codes Microid Research (MR) BIOS Error Codes IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes ROM BIOS Hard Drive Parameters Modem Control Codes DOS Command Reference Technical Reference Technical Reference General Information ASCII Character Code Charts Figure 1 lists ASCII control character values. Figure 2 shows the IBM extended A SCII line-drawing characters in an easy-to-use format. I frequently use these extended ASCII linedrawing characters for visual enhancement in documents I create. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1FA Ctrl-@ Ctrl-A Ctrl-B Ctrl-C Ctrl-D Ctrl-E Ctrl-F Ctrl-G Ctrl-H Ctrl-I Ctrl-J Ctrl-K Ctrl-L Ctrl-M Ctrl-N Ctrl-O Ctrl-P Ctrl-Q Ctrl-R Ctrl-S Ctrl-T Ctrl-U Ctrl-V Ctrl-W Ctrl-X Ctrl-Y Ctrl-Z Ctrl-[ Ctrl-\ Ctrl-] Ctrl-^ Ctrl-_ NUL SOH STX ETX

EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US DEC HEX CHAR NAME Null Start of Heading Start of Text End of Text End of Transit Enquiry Acknowledge Bell Back Space Horizontal Tab Line Feed Vertical Tab Form Feed Carriage Return Shift Out Shift In Data Line Escape Device Control 1 Device Control 2 Device Control 3 Device Control 4 Negative Acknowledge Synchronous Idle End of Transmit Block Cancel End of Medium Substitute Escape File Separator Group Separator Record Separator

Unit Separator CONTROL CODE o !! o Figure 1 ASCII control codes. General Information Figure 2 Extended ASCII line-drawing characters. Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions Table 1 Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 0 00 000 0000 0000 blank 1 01 001 0000 0001 happy face A 2 02 002 0000 0010 inverse happy face B 3 03 003 0000 0011 heart 4 04 004 0000 0100 diamond 5 05 005 0000 0101 club 6 06 006 0000 0110 spade 7 07 007 0000 0111 bullet 8 08 010 0000 1000 inverse bullet H 9 09 011 0000 1001 circle o 10 0A 012 0000 1010 inverse circle 11 0B 013 0000 1011 male sign K 12 0C 014 0000 1100 female sign L 13 0D 015 0000 1101 single note M 14 0E 016 0000 1110 double note N 15 0F 017 0000 1111 sun O 16 10 020 0001 0000 right triangle P 17 11 021 0001 0001 left triangle Q 18 12 022 0001 0010 up/down arrow 218 DA 195 C3 192 C0 191 196 BF C4 179 B3 180 B4 217 D9 191 C2 197 C5 193 C1 201 C9 204 CC 200 C8 187 176 B0 177 B1

178 219 220 221 222 223 254 BB 205 CD 186 BA 185 B9 188 BC 203 CB 206 CE 202 CA 213 D5 198 C6 212 D4 184 205 CD 179 B3 181 B5 190 BE 209 D1 216 D8 207 CF 214 D6 199 C7 211 D3 183 196 C4 186 BA 182 B6 189 BD 210 D2

B2 DB DC DD DE DF FE

B8

B7

215 D7 208 D0 (continues) Technical Reference Table 1 Continued Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 19 13 023 0001 0011 double exclamation !! 20 14 024 0001 0100 paragraph sign 21 15 025 0001 0101 section sign 22 16 026 0001 0110 rectangular bullet 23 17 027 0001 0111 up/down to line 24 18 030 0001 1000 up arrow 25 19 031 0001 1001 down arrow 26 1A 032 0001 1010 right arrow 27 1B 033 0001 1011 left arrow 28 1C 034 0001 1100 lower left box 29 1D 035 0001 1101 left/right arrow 30 1E 036 0001 1110 up triangle d 31 1F 037 0001 1111 down triangle e 32 20 040 0010 0000 space Space 33 21 041 0010 0001 exclamation point ! 34 22 042 0010 0010 quotation mark 35 23 043 0010 0011 number sign # 36 24 044 0010 0100 dollar sign $ 37 25 045 0010 0101 percent sign % 38 26 046 0010 0110 ampersand & 39 27 047 0010 0111 apostrophe 40 28 050 0010 1000 opening parenthesis ( 41 29 051 0010 1001 closing parenthesis ) 42 2A 052 0010 1010 asterisk * 43 2B 053 0010 1011 plus sign + 44 2C 054 0010 1100 comma , 45 2D 055 0010 1101 hyphen or minus sign 46 2E 056 0010 1110 period . 47 2F 057 0010 1111 slash / 48 30 060 0011 0000 zero 0 49 31 061 0011 0001 one 1 50 32 062 0011 0010 two 2 51 33 063 0011 0011 three 3 52 34 064 0011 0100 four 4 53 35 065 0011 0101 five 5 54 36 066 0011 0110 six 6 55 37 067 0011 0111 seven 7 56 38 070 0011 1000 eight 8 57 39 071 0011 1001 nine 9 58 3A 072 0011 1010 colon : 59 3B 073 0011 1011 semicolon ; 60 3C 074 0011 1100 less-than sign < 61 3D 075 0011 1101 equal sign = General Information Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 62 3E 076 0011 1110 greater-than sign > 63 3F 077 0011 1111 question mark ? 64 40 100 0100 0000 at sign @ 65 41 101 0100 0001 capital A A 66 42 102 0100 0010 capital B B 67 43 103 0100 0011 capital C C 68 44 104 0100 0100 capital D D

69 45 105 0100 0101 capital E E 70 46 106 0100 0110 capital F F 71 47 107 0100 0111 capital G G 72 48 110 0100 1000 capital H H 73 49 111 0100 1001 capital I I 74 4A 112 0100 1010 capital J J 75 4B 113 0100 1011 capital K K 76 4C 114 0100 1100 capital L L 77 4D 115 0100 1101 capital M M 78 4E 116 0100 1110 capital N N 79 4F 117 0100 1111 capital O O 80 50 120 0101 0000 capital P P 81 51 121 0101 0001 capital Q Q 82 52 122 0101 0010 capital R R 83 53 123 0101 0011 capital S S 84 54 124 0101 0100 capital T T 85 55 125 0101 0101 capital U U 86 56 126 0101 0110 capital V V 87 57 127 0101 0111 capital W W 88 58 130 0101 1000 capital X X 89 59 131 0101 1001 capital Y Y 90 5A 132 0101 1010 capital Z Z 91 5B 133 0101 1011 opening bracket [ 92 5C 134 0101 1100 backward slash \ 93 5D 135 0101 1101 closing bracket ] 94 5E 136 0101 1110 caret ^ 95 5F 137 0101 1111 underscore _ 96 60 140 0110 0000 grave 97 61 141 0110 0001 lowercase A a 98 62 142 0110 0010 lowercase B b 99 63 143 0110 0011 lowercase C c 100 64 144 0110 0100 lowercase D d 101 65 145 0110 0101 lowercase E e 102 66 146 0110 0110 lowercase F f 103 67 147 0110 0111 lowercase G g 104 68 150 0110 1000 lowercase H h (continues) Technical Reference Table 1 Continued Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 105 69 151 0110 1001 lowercase I i 106 6A 152 0110 1010 lowercase J j 107 6B 153 0110 1011 lowercase K k 108 6C 154 0110 1100 lowercase L l 109 6D 155 0110 1101 lowercase M m 110 6E 156 0110 1110 lowercase N n 111 6F 157 0110 1111 lowercase O o 112 70 160 0111 0000 lowercase P p 113 71 161 0111 0001 lowercase Q q 114 72 162 0111 0010 lowercase R r 115 73 163 0111 0011 lowercase S s 116 74 164 0111 0100 lowercase T t 117 75 165 0111 0101 lowercase U u 118 76 166 0111 0110 lowercase V v 119 77 167 0111 0111 lowercase W w 120 78 170 0111 1000 lowercase X x 121 79 171 0111 1001 lowercase Y y 122 7A 172 0111 1010 lowercase Z z 123 7B 173 0111 1011 opening brace { 124 7C 174 0111 1100 vertical line |

125 7D 175 0111 1101 126 7E 176 0111 1110 127 7F 177 0111 1111 128 80 200 1000 0000 129 81 201 1000 0001 130 82 202 1000 0010 131 83 203 1000 0011 132 84 204 1000 0100 133 85 205 1000 0101 134 86 206 1000 0110 135 87 207 1000 0111 136 88 210 1000 1000 137 89 211 1000 1001 138 8A 212 1000 1010 139 8B 213 1000 1011 140 8C 214 1000 1100 141 8D 215 1000 1101 142 8E 216 1000 1110 143 8F 217 1000 1111 144 90 220 1001 0000 145 91 221 1001 0001 146 92 222 1001 0010 147 93 223 1001 0011 General Information Dec Hex Octal Binary 148 94 224 1001 0100 149 95 225 1001 0101 150 96 226 1001 0110 151 97 227 1001 0111 152 98 230 1001 1000 153 99 231 1001 1001 154 9A 232 1001 1010 155 9B 233 1001 1011 156 9C 234 1001 1100 157 9D 235 1001 1101 158 9E 236 1001 1110 159 9F 237 1001 1111 160 A0 240 1010 0000 161 A1 241 1010 0001 162 A2 242 1010 0010 163 A3 243 1010 0011 164 A4 244 1010 0100 165 A5 245 1010 0101 166 A6 246 1010 0110 _ 167 A7 247 1010 0111 _ 168 A8 250 1010 1000 169 A9 251 1010 1001 170 AA 252 1010 1010 171 AB 253 1010 1011 172 AC 254 1010 1100 173 AD 255 1010 1101 174 AE 256 1010 1110 175 AF 257 1010 1111 176 B0 260 1011 0000 177 B1 261 1011 0001 178 B2 262 1011 0010 179 B3 263 1011 0011 180 B4 264 1011 0100

closing brace } tilde ~ small house f C cedilla u umlaut e acute a circumflex a umlaut a grave a ring c cedilla e circumflex e umlaut e grave I umlaut I circumflex I grave A umlaut A ring E acute ae ligature AE ligature o circumflex Name Character o umlaut o grave u circumflex u grave y umlaut O umlaut U umlaut cent sign pound sign yen sign Pt function a acute I acute o acute u acute n tilde N tilde a macron a o macron o opening question mark upper-left box upper-right box 1/2 12 1/4 14 opening exclamation opening guillemets closing guillemets light block medium block dark block single vertical single right junction

181 B5 265 1011 0101 182 B6 266 1011 0110 183 B7 267 1011 0111 184 B8 270 1011 1000 185 B9 271 1011 1001 186 BA 272 1011 1010 187 BB 273 1011 1011 188 BC 274 1011 1100 189 BD 275 1011 1101 190 BE 276 1011 1110 191 BF 277 1011 1111 (continues) Technical Reference Table 1 Continued Dec Hex Octal Binary 192 C0 300 1100 0000 193 C1 301 1100 0001 194 C2 302 1100 0010 195 C3 303 1100 0011 196 C4 304 1100 0100 197 C5 305 1100 0101 198 C6 306 1100 0110 199 C7 307 1100 0111 200 C8 310 1100 1000 201 C9 311 1100 1001 202 CA 312 1100 1010 203 CB 313 1100 1011 204 CC 314 1100 1100 205 CD 315 1100 1101 206 CE 316 1100 1110 207 CF 317 1100 1111 208 D0 320 1101 0000 209 D1 321 1101 0001 210 D2 322 1101 0010 211 D3 323 1101 0011 212 D4 324 1101 0100 213 D5 325 1101 0101 214 D6 326 1101 0110 215 D7 327 1101 0111 216 D8 330 1101 1000 217 D9 331 1101 1001 218 DA 332 1101 1010 219 DB 333 1101 1011 220 DC 334 1101 1100 221 DD 335 1101 1101 222 DE 336 1101 1110 223 DF 337 1101 1111 224 E0 340 1110 0000 225 E1 341 1110 0001 226 E2 342 1110 0010 227 E3 343 1110 0011 228 E4 344 1110 0100 229 E5 345 1110 0101 230 E6 346 1110 0110 231 E7 347 1110 0111 232 E8 350 1110 1000 233 E9 351 1110 1001 234 EA 352 1110 1010 g General Information

2 to 1 1 to 2 1 to 2 2 to 1 double double double double 1 to 2 2 to 1 single

right junction right junction upper-right upper-right right junction vertical upper-right lower-right lower-right lower-right upper-right

Name Character single lower-left single lower junction single upper junction single left junction single horizontal single intersection 2 to 1 left junction 1 to 2 left junction double lower-left double upper-left double lower junction g double upper junction double left junction double horizontal = double intersection OE 1 to 2 lower junction oe 2 to 1 lower junction 1 to 2 upper junction 2 to 1 upper junction 1 to 2 lower-left 2 to 1 lower-left 2 to 1 upper-left 1 to 2 upper-left 2 to 1 intersection 1 to 2 intersection single lower-right single upper-right inverse space lower inverse left inverse right inverse fi upper inverse fl alpha beta Gamma pi Sigma sigma mu tau Phi theta Omega

Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 235 EB 353 1110 1011 delta 236 EC 354 1110 1100 infinity 237 ED 355 1110 1101 phi 238 EE 356 1110 1110 epsilon 239 EF 357 1110 1111 intersection of sets 240 F0 360 1111 0000 is identical to 241 F1 361 1111 0001 plus/minus sign 242 F2 362 1111 0010 greater/equal sign 243 F3 363 1111 0011 less/equal sign 244 F4 364 1111 0100 top half integral 245 F5 365 1111 0101 lower half integral 246 F6 366 1111 0110 division sign 247 F7 367 1111 0111 approximately 248 F8 370 1111 1000 degree 249 F9 371 1111 1001 filled-in degree 250 FA 372 1111 1010 small bullet 251 FB 373 1111 1011 square root 252 FC 374 1111 1100 superscript n 253 FD 375 1111 1101 superscript 2 254 FE 376 1111 1110 box 255 FF 377 1111 1111 phantom space Ex n ASCII Keycodes for ANSI.SYS Table 2 Extended ASCII Keycodes for ANSI.SYS Code Keystroke Code Keystroke 0;1 Alt+Esc 0;3 Null Character 0;14 Alt+Backspace 0;15 Shift+Tab 0;16 Alt+Q 0;17 Alt+W 0;18 Alt+E 0;19 Alt+R 0;20 Alt+T 0;21 Alt+Y 0;22 Alt+U 0;23 Alt+I 0;24 Alt+O 0;25 Alt+P 0;26 Alt+[ 0;27 Alt+] 0;28 Alt+Enter 0;30 Alt+A 0;31 Alt+S 0;32 Alt+D 0;33 Alt+F 0;34 Alt+G 0;35 Alt+H 0;36 Alt+J 0;37 Alt+K 0;38 Alt+L 0;39 Alt+; 0;40 Alt+ 0;41 Alt+ 0;43 Alt+\ 0;44 Alt+Z 0;45 Alt+X (continues) Technical Reference Table 2 Continued

Code Keystroke Code Keystroke 0;46 Alt+C 0;47 Alt+V 0;48 Alt+B 0;49 Alt+N 0;50 Alt+M 0;51 Alt+, 0;52 Alt+. 0;53 Alt+/ 0;55 Alt+Keypad * 0;59 F1 0;60 F2 0;61 F3 0;62 F4 0;63 F5 0;64 F6 0;65 F7 0;66 F8 0;67 F9 0;68 F10 0;71 Home 0;72 Up Arrow 0;73 Page Up 0;74 Alt+Keypad 0;75 Left Arrow 0;76 Keypad 5 0;77 Right Arrow 0;78 Alt+Keypad + 0;79 End 0;80 Down Arrow 0;81 Page Down 0;82 Insert 0;83 Delete 0;84 Shift+F1 0;85 Shift+F2 0;86 Shift+F3 0;87 Shift+F4 0;88 Shift+F5 0;89 Shift+F6 0;90 Shift+F7 0;91 Shift+F8 0;92 Shift+F9 0;93 Shift+F10 0;94 Ctrl+F1 0;95 Ctrl+F2 0;96 Ctrl+F3 0;97 Ctrl+F4 0;98 Ctrl+F5 0;99 Ctrl+F6 0;100 Ctrl+F7 0;101 Ctrl+F8 0;102 Ctrl+F9 0;103 Ctrl+F10 0;104 Alt+F1 0;105 Alt+F2 0;106 Alt+F3 0;107 Alt+F4 0;108 Alt+F5 0;109 Alt+F6 0;110 Alt+F7

0;111 Alt+F8 0;112 Alt+F9 0;113 Alt+F10 0;114 Ctrl+Print Screen 0;115 Ctrl+Left Arrow 0;116 Ctrl+Right Arrow 0;117 Ctrl+End 0;118 Ctrl+Page Down 0;119 Ctrl+Home 0;120 Alt+1 0;121 Alt+2 0;122 Alt+3 0;123 Alt+4 0;124 Alt+5 0;125 Alt+6 0;126 Alt+7 0;127 Alt+8 0;128 Alt+9 0;129 Alt+0 0;130 Alt+0;131 Alt+= 0;132 Ctrl+Page Up 0;133 F11 0;134 F12 0;135 Shift+F11 0;136 Shift+F12 0;137 Ctrl+F11 General Information Code Keystroke Code Keystroke 0;138 Ctrl+F12 0;139 Alt+F11 0;140 Alt+F12 0;141 Ctrl+Up Arrow 0;142 Ctrl+Keypad 0;143 Ctrl+Keypad 5 0;144 Ctrl+Keypad + 0;145 Ctrl+Down Arrow 0;146 Ctrl+Insert 0;147 Ctrl+Delete 0;148 Ctrl+Tab 0;149 Ctrl+Keypad / 0;150 Ctrl+Keypad * 0;151 Alt+Home 0;152 Alt+Up Arrow 0;153 Alt+Page Up 0;155 Alt+Left Arrow 0;157 Alt+Right Arrow 0;159 Alt+End 0;160 Alt+Down Arrow 0;161 Alt+Page Down 0;162 Alt+Insert 0;163 Alt+Delete 0;164 Alt+Keypad / 0;165 Alt+Tab 0;166 Alt+Keypad Enter EBCDIC Character Codes Table 3 EBCDIC Character Codes Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 0 00 000 0000 0000 NUL 1 01 001 0000 0001 SOH

2 02 002 0000 0010 STX 3 03 003 0000 0011 ETX 4 04 004 0000 0100 SEL 5 05 005 0000 0101 HT 6 06 006 0000 0110 RNL 7 07 007 0000 0111 DEL 8 08 010 0000 1000 GE 9 09 011 0000 1001 SPS 10 0A 012 0000 1010 RPT 11 0B 013 0000 1011 VT 12 0C 014 0000 1100 FF 13 0D 015 0000 1101 CR 14 0E 016 0000 1110 SO 15 0F 017 0000 1111 SI 16 10 020 0001 0000 DLE 17 11 021 0001 0001 DC1 18 12 022 0001 0010 DC2 19 13 023 0001 0011 DC3 20 14 024 0001 0100 RES/ENP 21 15 025 0001 0101 NL 22 16 026 0001 0110 BS 23 17 027 0001 0111 POC (continues) Technical Reference Table 3 Continued Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 24 18 030 0001 1000 CAN 25 19 031 0001 1001 EM 26 1A 032 0001 1010 UBS 27 1B 033 0001 1011 CU1 28 1C 034 0001 1100 IFS 29 1D 035 0001 1101 IGS 30 1E 036 0001 1110 IRS 31 1F 037 0001 1111 IUS/ITB 32 20 040 0010 0000 DS 33 21 041 0010 0001 SOS 34 22 042 0010 0010 FS 35 23 043 0010 0011 WUS 36 24 044 0010 0100 BYP/INP 37 25 045 0010 0101 LF 38 26 046 0010 0110 ETB 39 27 047 0010 0111 ESC 40 28 050 0010 1000 SA 41 29 051 0010 1001 SFE 42 2A 052 0010 1010 SM/SW 43 2B 053 0010 1011 CSP 44 2C 054 0010 1100 MFA 45 2D 055 0010 1101 ENQ 46 2E 056 0010 1110 ACK 47 2F 057 0010 1111 BEL 48 30 060 0011 0000 49 31 061 0011 0001 50 32 062 0011 0010 SYN 51 33 063 0011 0011 IR 52 34 064 0011 0100 PP 53 35 065 0011 0101 TRN 54 36 066 0011 0110 NBS 55 37 067 0011 0111 EOT 56 38 070 0011 1000 SBS 57 39 071 0011 1001 IT

58 3A 072 0011 1010 RFF 59 3B 073 0011 1011 CU3 60 3C 074 0011 1100 DC4 61 3D 075 0011 1101 NAK 62 3E 076 0011 1110 63 3F 077 0011 1111 SUB 64 40 100 0100 0000 SP 65 41 101 0100 0001 RSP 66 42 102 0100 0010 General Information Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 67 43 103 0100 0011 68 44 104 0100 0100 69 45 105 0100 0101 70 46 106 0100 0110 71 47 107 0100 0111 72 48 110 0100 1000 73 49 111 0100 1001 74 4A 112 0100 1010 75 4B 113 0100 1011 . 76 4C 114 0100 1100 < 77 4D 115 0100 1101 ( 78 4E 116 0100 1110 + 79 4F 117 0100 1111 | 80 50 120 0101 0000 & 81 51 121 0101 0001 82 52 122 0101 0010 83 53 123 0101 0011 84 54 124 0101 0100 85 55 125 0101 0101 86 56 126 0101 0110 87 57 127 0101 0111 88 58 130 0101 1000 89 59 131 0101 1001 90 5A 132 0101 1010 ! 91 5B 133 0101 1011 $ 92 5C 134 0101 1100 * 93 5D 135 0101 1101 ) 94 5E 136 0101 1110 ; 95 5F 137 0101 1111 96 60 140 0110 0000 97 61 141 0110 0001 / 98 62 142 0110 0010 99 63 143 0110 0011 100 64 144 0110 0100 101 65 145 0110 0101 102 66 146 0110 0110 103 67 147 0110 0111 104 68 150 0110 1000 105 69 151 0110 1001 106 6A 152 0110 1010 | 107 6B 153 0110 1011 , 108 6C 154 0110 1100 % 109 6D 155 0110 1101 110 6E 156 0110 1110 > (continues) Technical Reference Table 3 Continued Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 111 6F 157 0110 1111 ?

112 70 160 0111 0000 113 71 161 0111 0001 114 72 162 0111 0010 115 73 163 0111 0011 116 74 164 0111 0100 117 75 165 0111 0101 118 76 166 0111 0110 119 77 167 0111 0111 120 78 170 0111 1000 121 79 171 0111 1001 122 7A 172 0111 1010 123 7B 173 0111 1011 124 7C 174 0111 1100 125 7D 175 0111 1101 126 7E 176 0111 1110 127 7F 177 0111 1111 128 80 200 1000 0000 129 81 201 1000 0001 130 82 202 1000 0010 131 83 203 1000 0011 132 84 204 1000 0100 133 85 205 1000 0101 134 86 206 1000 0110 135 87 207 1000 0111 136 88 210 1000 1000 137 89 211 1000 1001 138 8A 212 1000 1010 139 8B 213 1000 1011 140 8C 214 1000 1100 141 8D 215 1000 1101 142 8E 216 1000 1110 143 8F 217 1000 1111 144 90 220 1001 0000 145 91 221 1001 0001 146 92 222 1001 0010 147 93 223 1001 0011 148 94 224 1001 0100 149 95 225 1001 0101 150 96 226 1001 0110 151 97 227 1001 0111 152 98 230 1001 1000 153 99 231 1001 1001 General Information Dec Hex Octal Binary 154 9A 232 1001 1010 155 9B 233 1001 1011 156 9C 234 1001 1100 157 9D 235 1001 1101 158 9E 236 1001 1110 159 9F 237 1001 1111 160 A0 240 1010 0000 161 A1 241 1010 0001 162 A2 242 1010 0010 163 A3 243 1010 0011 164 A4 244 1010 0100 165 A5 245 1010 0101 166 A6 246 1010 0110 167 A7 247 1010 0111 168 A8 250 1010 1000 169 A9 251 1010 1001

: # @ = a b c d e f g h i

j k l m n o p q r Name Character

~ s t u v w x y z

170 AA 252 1010 1010 171 AB 253 1010 1011 172 AC 254 1010 1100 173 AD 255 1010 1101 174 AE 256 1010 1110 175 AF 257 1010 1111 176 B0 260 1011 0000 177 B1 261 1011 0001 178 B2 262 1011 0010 179 B3 263 1011 0011 180 B4 264 1011 0100 181 B5 265 1011 0101 182 B6 266 1011 0110 183 B7 267 1011 0111 184 B8 270 1011 1000 185 B9 271 1011 1001 186 BA 272 1011 1010 187 BB 273 1011 1011 188 BC 274 1011 1100 189 BD 275 1011 1101 190 BE 276 1011 1110 191 BF 277 1011 1111 192 C0 300 1100 0000 193 C1 301 1100 0001 194 C2 302 1100 0010 195 C3 303 1100 0011 196 C4 304 1100 0100 197 C5 305 1100 0101 (continues) Technical Reference Table 3 Continued Dec Hex Octal Binary 198 C6 306 1100 0110 199 C7 307 1100 0111 200 C8 310 1100 1000 201 C9 311 1100 1001 202 CA 312 1100 1010 203 CB 313 1100 1011 204 CC 314 1100 1100 205 CD 315 1100 1101 206 CE 316 1100 1110 207 CF 317 1100 1111 208 D0 320 1101 0000 209 D1 321 1101 0001 210 D2 322 1101 0010 211 D3 323 1101 0011 212 D4 324 1101 0100 213 D5 325 1101 0101 214 D6 326 1101 0110 215 D7 327 1101 0111 216 D8 330 1101 1000 217 D9 331 1101 1001 218 DA 332 1101 1010 219 DB 333 1101 1011 220 DC 334 1101 1100 221 DD 335 1101 1101 222 DE 336 1101 1110 223 DF 337 1101 1111 224 E0 340 1110 0000 225 E1 341 1110 0001

{ A B C D E

Name Character F G H I SHY

} J K L M N O P Q R

\ NSP

226 E2 342 1110 0010 S 227 E3 343 1110 0011 T 228 E4 344 1110 0100 U 229 E5 345 1110 0101 V 230 E6 346 1110 0110 W 231 E7 347 1110 0111 X 232 E8 350 1110 1000 Y 233 E9 351 1110 1001 Z 234 EA 352 1110 1010 235 EB 353 1110 1011 236 EC 354 1110 1100 237 ED 355 1110 1101 238 EE 356 1110 1110 239 EF 357 1110 1111 General Information Dec Hex Octal Binary Name Character 240 F0 360 1111 0000 0 241 F1 361 1111 0001 1 242 F2 362 1111 0010 2 243 F3 363 1111 0011 3 244 F4 364 1111 0100 4 245 F5 365 1111 0101 5 246 F6 366 1111 0110 6 247 F7 367 1111 0111 7 248 F8 370 1111 1000 8 249 F9 371 1111 1001 9 250 FA 372 1111 1010 251 FB 373 1111 1011 252 FC 374 1111 1100 253 FD 375 1111 1101 254 FE 376 1111 1110 255 FF 377 1111 1111 EO Metric System (SI) Prefixes Table 4 Metric System Prefixes Multiplier Exponent Form Prefix SI Symbol 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1024 yotta Y 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1021 zetta Z 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 1018 exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 1015 peta P 1 000 000 000 000 1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 109 giga G 1 000 000 106 mega M 1 000 103 kilo k 100 102 hecto h 10 101 deca da 0.1 10-1 deci d 0.01 10-2 centi c 0.001 10-3 milli m 0.000 001 10-6 micro 0.000 000 001 10-9 nano n 0.000 000 000 001 10-12 pico p 0.000 000 000 000 001 10-15 femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 10-18 atto a 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001 10-21 zepto z 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 10-24 yocto y Technical Reference U.S.Metric Units of Length Conversions Table 5 Conversions from U.S. to Metric 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters = 25.4 millimeters 1 foot = 30.48 centimeters = .3048 meter

1 yard = .914 meter 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers Table 6 Conversions from Metric to U.S. 1 millimeter = .03937 inch 1 centimeter = .3937 inch 1 meter = 3.2808 feet = 1.0936 yards = 39.37 inches 1 kilometer = .621 mile Powers of 2 Table 7 Powers of 2 n 2n Hexadecimal 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 3 8 8 4 16 10 5 32 20 6 64 40 7 128 80 8 256 100 9 512 200 10 1,024 400 11 2,048 800 12 4,096 1000 13 8,192 2000 14 16,384 4000 15 32,768 8000 16 65,536 10000 17 131,072 20000 18 262,144 40000 19 524,288 80000 20 1,048,576 100000 21 2,097,152 200000 22 4,194,304 400000 General Information n 2n Hexadecimal 23 8,388,608 800000 24 16,777,216 1000000 25 33,554,432 2000000 26 67,108,864 4000000 27 134,217,728 8000000 28 268,435,456 10000000 29 536,870,912 20000000 30 1,073,741,824 40000000 31 2,147,483,648 80000000 32 4,294,967,296 100000000 33 8,589,934,592 200000000 34 17,179,869,184 400000000 35 34,359,738,368 800000000 36 68,719,476,736 1000000000 37 137,438,953,472 2000000000 38 274,877,906,944 4000000000 39 549,755,813,888 8000000000 40 1,099,511,627,776 10000000000 41 2,199,023,255,552 20000000000 42 4,398,046,511,104 40000000000 43 8,796,093,022,208 80000000000 44 17,592,186,044,416 100000000000 45 35,184,372,088,832 200000000000 46 70,368,744,177,664 400000000000 47 140,737,488,355,328 800000000000

48 281,474,976,710,656 1000000000000 49 562,949,953,421,312 2000000000000 50 1,125,899,906,842,624 4000000000000 51 2,251,799,813,685,248 8000000000000 52 4,503,599,627,370,496 10000000000000 53 9,007,199,254,740,992 20000000000000 54 18,014,398,509,481,984 40000000000000 55 36,028,797,018,963,968 80000000000000 56 72,057,594,037,927,936 100000000000000 57 144,115,188,075,855,872 200000000000000 58 288,230,376,151,711,744 400000000000000 59 576,460,752,303,423,488 800000000000000 60 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 1000000000000000 61 2,305,843,009,213,693,952 2000000000000000 62 4,611,686,018,427,387,904 4000000000000000 63 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 8000000000000000 64 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 10000000000000000 Technical Reference Award BIOS Error Codes Award BIOS Text Error Messages and Beep Codes During the power on self test (POST), if the BIOS detects an error requiring you to do something, it will either sound a beep code or display a message. If a message is displayed , it will be accompanied by the following: PRESS F1 TO CONTINUE, CTRL-ALT-ESC OR DEL TO ENTER SETUP Currently there is only one beep code in the Award BIOS. A single long beep foll owed by two short beeps indicates that a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot initia lize the video screen to display any additional information. One or more of the following messages may be displayed if the BIOS detects an er ror during the POST. Table 8 includes Award BIOS messages for both the ISA and the EISA BIOS. Table 8 Award BIOS Error Messages (ISA and EISA BIOS) Error Message Description BIOS ROM checksum error The checksum of the BIOS code in the BIOS chip is incorr ect, indicating System halted the BIOS code may have become corrupt. Replace the BIOS. CMOS battery failed CMOS battery is no longer functional. Replace battery. CMOS checksum error - Checksum of CMOS is incorrect, so the system loads the def ault Defaults loaded equipment configuration. A checksum error may indicate that CMOS has become corrupt. This error might have been caused by a weak battery. Check the battery and replace if necessary. CMOS CHECKSUM ERROR DISK Checksum of CMOS is incorrect. This can indicate that C MOS has BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM become corrupt. This error may have been caused by a weak battery. DISK AND PRESS ENTER Check the battery and replace if necessary. CPU at nnnn Displays the running speed of the CPU. DISKETTE DRIVES OR TYPES Type of diskette drive installed in the system is diffe rent from the CMOS MISMATCH ERROR - RUN SETUP definition. Run Setup to reconfigure the drive type c orrectly. Display switch is set incorrectly. The display switch on the motherboard can be set to either monochrome or color. This message indicates the switch is set to a different setting than indicated in Setup. Determine which setting is correct, and then either turn

off the system and change the jumper; or, enter Setup and change the VIDEO selection. DISPLAY TYPE HAS CHANGED Since last powering off the system, the display adapter has been SINCE LAST BOOT changed. You must configure the system for the new display type. EISA Configuration Checksum The EISA nonvolatile RAM checksum is incorrect or ca nnot correctly Error read the EISA slot. This can indicate either the EISA nonvolatile memory has become corrupt or the slot has been configured incorrectly. Also be sure the card is installed firmly in the slot. EISA Configuration Is Not The slot configuration information stored in the EISA nonvolatile Complete memory is incomplete. ERROR ENCOUNTERED Hard drive cannot be initialized. Be sure the adapter is insta lled correctly INITIALIZING HARD DRIVE and all cables are correctly and firmly attached. Also b e sure the correct hard drive type is selected in Setup. ERROR INITIALIZING HARD Cannot initialize controller. Make sure the cord is corr ectly and firmly DISK CONTROLLER installed in the bus. Be sure the correct hard drive type is sel ected in Setup. Also check to see if any jumper needs to be set correctly on the hard drive. Award BIOS Error Codes Error Message Description FLOPPY DISK CNTRLR ERROR Cannot find or initialize the floppy drive controller. Make sure the OR NO CNTRLR PRESENT controller is installed correctly and firmly. If there are no floppy drives installed, be sure the Diskette Drive selection in Setup is set to NONE. Floppy disk(s) fail Cannot find or initialize the floppy drive controller or the drive. Make sure the controller is installed correctly. If no floppy drives are installed, be sur e the Diskette Drive selection in Setup is set to NONE or AUTO. HARD DISK initializing Please wait a moment Some hard drives require extra time t o initialize. HARD DISK INSTALL FAILURE Cannot find or initialize the hard drive controller or the drive. Make sure the controller is installed correctly. If no hard drives are installed, be sure the Hard Drive selection in Setup is set to NONE. Hard disk(s) diagnosis fail The system may run specific disk diagnostic routines . This message appears if one or more hard disks return an error when the diagnostics run. Invalid EISA Configuration The nonvolatile memory containing EISA configuration information was programmed incorrectly or has become corrupt. Rerun EISA configuration utility to correctly program the memory. Keyboard error or no Cannot initialize the keyboard. Make sure the keyboard is a ttached keyboard present correctly and no keys are being pressed during the boot. If you are purposely configuring the system without a keyboard, set the error halt condition in Setup to HALT ON ALL, BUT KEYBOARD. This will cause the BIOS to ignore the missing keyboard and continue the boot. Keyboard is locked out - This message usually indicates that one or more keys ha ve been pressed Unlock the key during the keyboard tests. Be sure no objects are resting on the

keyboard. Memory Address Error at Indicates a memory address error at a specific location. You can use this location along with the memory map for your system to find and replace the bad memory chips. Memory parity Error at Indicates a memory parity error at a specific location. Yo u can use this location along with the memory map for your system to find and replace the bad memory chips. MEMORY SIZE HAS CHANGED Memory has been added or removed since the last boot. In EISA mode, SINCE LAST BOOT use configuration utility to reconfigure the memory configuratio n. In ISA mode, enter Setup and enter the new memory size in the memory fields. Memory Test This message displays during a full memory test, counting down the m emory areas being tested. Memory test fail: If POST detects an error during memory testing, additional inf ormation appears giving specifics about the type and location of the memory error. Memory Verify Error at Indicates an error verifying a value already written to me mory. Use the location along with your systems memory map to locate the bad chip. No boot device was found. This could mean that either a boot drive was not detec ted or the drive does not contain proper system boot files. Insert a system disk into drive A: and press Enter. If you assumed the system would boot from the hard drive, make sure the controller is inserted correctly and all cables are properly attached. Also be sure the disk is formatted as a boot device. Then reboot the system. OFFENDING ADDRESS This message is used in conjunction with the I/O CHANNEL CHECK NOT FOUND and RAM PARITY ERROR messages when the segment that has caused the problem cannot be isolated. OFFENDING SEGMENT: This message is used in conjunction with the I/O CHANNEL CHEC K and RAM PARITY ERROR messages when the segment that has caused the problem has been isolated. (continues) Technical Reference Table 8 Continued Error Message Description Override enabled - If the system cannot boot using the current CMOS configuratio n, the Defaults loaded BIOS can override the current configuration with a set of BIOS d efaults designed for the most stable, minimal-performance system operations. PRESS A KEY TO REBOOT This will be displayed at the bottom of the screen when an error occurs that requires you to reboot. Press any key to reboot the system. Press ESC to skip memory test You can press Esc to skip the full memory test. PRESS F1 TO DISABLE NMI, When BIOS detects a non-maskable interrupt condition du ring boot, this F2 TO REBOOT will allow you to disable the NMI and continue to boot; or you can reboot the system with the NMI enabled. Press TAB to show POST screen System OEMs may replace the Award BIOS POST displa y with their own proprietary display. Including this message in the OEM display permits the operator to switch between the OEM display and the default POST display. Primary master hard disk fail POST detects an error in the primary master IDE ha

rd drive. Primary slave hard disk fail POST detects an error in the secondary master IDE h ard drive. RAM PARITY ERROR - Indicates a parity error in RAM. CHECKING FOR SEGMENT Resuming from disk, Press Award offers a save-to-disk feature for notebook compu ters. This message TAB to show POST screen may appear when the operator restarts the system after a save-to-disk shutdown. See the Press Tab message earlier for a description of this feature. Secondary master hard disk fail POST detects an error in the primary slave IDE h ard drive. Secondary slave hard disk fail POST detects an error in the secondary slave IDE hard drive. Should Be Empty But EISA A valid board ID was found in a slot that was configure d as having Board Found no board ID. Should Have EISA Board The board installed is not responding to the ID request, or no board ID But Not Found has been found in the indicated slot. Slot Not Empty Indicates that a slot designated as empty by the EISA configurati on utility actually contains a board. SYSTEM HALTED, Indicates the present boot attempt has been aborted and the syste m (CTRL-ALT-DEL) TO REBOOT must be rebooted. Press and hold down the Ctrl and Alt k eys and press Del. Wrong Board In Slot The board ID does not match the ID stored in the EISA nonvol atile memory. Award BIOS POST Codes Award BIOS POST Codes are shown in Table 9. Table 9 Award BIOS POST Codes POST (Hex) Name Description C0h Turn Off Chipset Cache OEM specific-cache control 01h Processor Test 1 Processor Status (1FLAGS) Verification. Tests the following processor status flags: carry, zero, sign, overflow. The BIOS will set each of these flags, verify they are set, and then turn each flag off and verify it is off. 02h Processor Test 2 Read/write/verify all CPU registers except SS, SP, and BP with data pattern FF and 00. Award BIOS Error Codes POST (Hex) Name Description 03h Initialize Chips Disable NMI, PIE, AIE, UEI, SQWV. Disable video, parity checking, DMA. Reset math coprocessor. Clear all page registers, CMOS shutdown byte. Initialize timer 0, 1, and 2, including set EISA timer to a known state. Initialize DMA controllers 0 and 1. Initialize interrupt controllers 0 and 1. Initialize EISA extended registers. 04h Test Memory Refresh Toggle RAM must be periodically refreshed in order to ke ep the memory from decaying. This function ensures that the memory refresh function is working properly. 05h Blank video, Initialize Keyboard controller initialization. keyboard 06h Reserved 07h Test CMOS Interface and Verifies CMOS is working correctly, detects bad batt ery.

Battery Status Beh Chipset Default Initialization Program chipset registers with power on BIOS defaults. C1h Memory presence test OEM-specific test to size onboard memory. C5h Early Shadow OEM-specific early shadow; enable for fast boot. C6h Cache presence test External cache size detection. 08h Setup low memory Early chip set initialization, memory presence test, OEM chip set routines, clear low 64KB of memory, test first 64KB memory. 09h Early Cache Initialization Cyrix CPU initialization, cache initialization. 0Ah Setup Interrupt Vector Table Initialize first 120 interrupt vectors with SPURIOUS_INT_HDLR and initialize INT 00h-1Fh according to INT_TBL. 0Bh Test CMOS RAM Checksum Test CMOS RAM Checksum; if bad, or Insert key is pressed, load defaults. 0Ch Initialize keyboard Detect type of keyboard controller (optional), set NUM_LOCK status. 0Dh Initialize Video Interface Detect CPU clock. Read CMOS location 14h to find out type of video in use. Detect and initialize video adapter. 0Eh Test Video Memory Test video memory, write sign-on message to screen. Setup shadow RAM. Enable shadow according to Setup. 0Fh Test DMA Controller 0 BIOS checksum test. Keyboard detect and initialization . 10h Test DMA Controller 1 Test DMA Controller. 11h Test DMA Page Registers Test DMA Page Registers. 12h 13 Reserved None. 14h Test Timer Counter 2 Test 8254 Timer 0 Counter 2. 15h Test 8259-1 Mask Bits Verify 8259 Channel 1 masked interrupts by alternately turning off and on the interrupt lines. 16h Test 8259-2 Mask Bits Verify 8259 Channel 2 masked interrupts by alternately turning off and on the interrupt lines. 17h Test Stuck 8259s Interrupt Turn off interrupts then verify no interrupt mask register is on. Bits 18h Test 8259 Interrupt Force an interrupt and verify the interrupt occurred. Functionality 19h Test Stuck NMI Bits Verify NMI can be cleared. (Parity/IO Check) 1Ah Display CPU clock None. (continues) Technical Reference Table 9 Continued POST (Hex) Name Description 1B1Eh Reserved None. 1Fh Set EISA Mode If EISA nonvolatile memory checksum is good, execute EISA initialization. If not, execute ISA tests and clear EISA mode flag. Test EISA Configuration Memory Integrity (checksum and communication interface). 20h Enable Slot 0 Initialize slot 0 (System Board). 21-2Fh Enable Slts 115 Initialize slots 1 through 15. 30h Size Base and Extended Size base memory from 256KB640KB and extended Memory memory above 1MB. 31h Test Base and Extended Test base memory from 256KB640KB and extended Memory memory above 1MB using various patterns. Note: This will be skipped in EISA mode and can be skipped with Esc key in ISA mode. 32h Test EISA Extended If EISA mode flag is set then test EISA memory found in Memory initialization slots. Note: This will be skipped in ISA mode and can be skipped with Esc key in EISA mode.

333Bh Reserved None. 3Ch Setup Enabled None. 3Dh Initialize and Install Mouse Detect if mouse is present, initialize mouse, i nstall interrupt vectors. 3Eh Setup Cache Controller Initialize cache controller. 3Fh Reserved BFh Chipset Initialization Program chipset registers with Setup values. 40h Virus Protect Display virus protect disable or enable. 41h Initialize Floppy Drive Initialize floppy disk drive controller and any driv es. and Controller 42h Initialize Hard Drive Initialize hard drive controller and any drives. and Controller 43h Detect and Initialize Initialize any serial and parallel ports (also game po rt). Serial/Parallel Ports 44h Reserved None. 45h Detect and Initialize Initialize math coprocessor. Math Coprocessor 46h Reserved None. 47h Reserved None. 484Dh Reserved None. 4Eh Manufacturing POST Loop Reboot if manufacturing POST loop pin is set. Otherw ise or Display Messages display any messages (that is, any non-fatal errors that were detected during POST) and enter Setup. 4Fh Security Check Ask password security (optional). 50h Write CMOS Write all CMOS values back to RAM and clear screen. 51h Pre-boot Enable Enable parity checker. Enable NMI. Enable cache before boot. 52h Initialize Option ROMs Initialize any option ROMs present from C8000hEFFFFh. Note: When FSCAN option is enabled, will initialize from C8000hF7FFFh. 53h Initialize Time Value Initialize time value in 40h: BIOS area. 60h Setup Virus Protect Setup virus protect according to Setup. AMI BIOS Error Codes POST (Hex) Name Description 61h Set Boot Speed Set system speed for boot. 62h Setup NumLock Setup NumLock status. 63h Boot Attempt Set low stack boot via INT 19h. B0h Spurious If interrupt occurs in protected mode. B1h Unclaimed NMI If unmasked NMI occurs, display Press F1 to disable NMI, F2 reboot. E1Efh Setup Pages E1- Page 1, E2 - Page 2, etc. FFh Boot None. AMI BIOS Error Codes AMI BIOS Text Error Messages Table 10 AMI BIOS Text Error Messages Message Explanation Bad PnP Serial ID Checksum The Serial ID checksum of a Plug-and-Play card is inv alid. Floppy Disk Controller The floppy disk controller has requested a resource that is already Resource Conflict in use. NVRAM Checksum Error, The extended system configuration data (ESCD) was reinitia lized NVRAM Cleared because of an NVRAM checksum error. Clear CMOS and ESCD RAM and reboot. NVRAM Cleared By Jumper The Clear CMOS jumper has been moved to the Clear positi

on. CMOS RAM and ESCD have been cleared. NVRAM Data Invalid, NVRAM Invalid data found in the ESCD, which might mean that you have Cleared changed devices in the system. When this message is displayed, the BIOS has already rewritten the ESCD with current configuration data. Parallel Port Resource Conflict The parallel port requested a resource that is a lready in use. PCI Error Log is Full More than 15 PCI conflict errors have been detected and no additional PCI errors can be logged. PCI I/O Port Conflict Two devices requested the same I/O address, resulting in a conflict. PCI IRQ Conflict Two devices requested the same IRQ, resulting in a conflict. PCI Memory Conflict Two devices requested the same memory resource, resulting in a conflict. Primary Boot Device Not Found The designated primary boot device (hard disk driv e, floppy disk drive, CD-ROM drive) could not be found. Primary IDE Controller The primary IDE controller has requested a resource that is already Resource Conflict in use. Primary Input Device Not The designated primary input device (keyboard, mouse, o r other device Found if input is redirected) could not be found. Secondary IDE Controller The secondary IDE controller has requested a resource t hat is already Resource Conflict in use. Serial Port 1 Resource Conflict Serial Port 1 has requested a resource that is a lready in use. Serial Port 2 Resource Conflict Serial Port 2 has requested a resource that is a lready in use. Static Device Resource Conflict A card that is not Plug-and-Play ISA has request ed a resource that is already in use. System Board Device A card that is not Plug-and-Play ISA has requested a resourc e that is Resource Conflict already in use. (continues) Technical Reference Table 10 Continued Message Explanation A20 Error Gate A20 on the keyboard controller is not working. Address Line Short! Error in the address decoding circuitry on the motherboard. CMOS Battery State Low The battery power is low; replace battery. CMOS Checksum Invalid After CMOS RAM values are saved, a checksum value is gener ated for error checking. The previous value is different from the current value. Run Setup CMOS system options not set The values stored in CMOS RAM are either corrupt or nonexistent. Run Setup. CMOS Display Type Mismatch The video type in CMOS RAM does not match the type de tected by the BIOS. Run Setup. CMOS Memory Size Mismatch The amount of memory on the motherboard is different f rom the amount indicated in CMOS RAM. Run Setup. CMOS Time and Date Not Set Run Setup to set the date and time in CMOS RAM. Diskette Boot Failure The boot disk in floppy drive A: is corrupt. It cannot be used to boot the system. Use another boot disk and follow the screen instructions.

DMA Error Error in the DMA controller. DMA #1 Error Error in the first DMA controller. DMA #2 Error Error in the second DMA controller. FDD Controller Failure The BIOS cannot communicate with the floppy disk drive co ntroller. Check all appropriate cables and connections. HDD Controller Failure The BIOS cannot communicate with the hard disk drive cont roller. Check all appropriate cables and connections. Insert Bootable Media The BIOS cannot find a bootable medium. Insert a bootable floppy disk or CD-ROM. INTR #1 Error Interrupt controller 1 failed POST. INTR #2 Error Interrupt controller 2 failed POST. Invalid Boot Diskette The BIOS can read the disk in floppy drive A:, but cannot boot the system from it. Use another boot disk. KB/Interface Error There is an error in the keyboard connector. Keyboard Error There is a timing problem with the keyboard. Keyboard Stuck Key Detected A stuck keyboard key was detected. Off Board Parity Error Parity error in memory installed in an expansion slot. Th e format is: OFF BOARD PARITY ERROR ADDR (HEX) = (XXXX), where XXXX is the hex address where the error occurred. On Board Parity Error Parity error in memory installed on the motherboard. The f ormat is: ON BOARD PARITY ERROR ADDR (HEX) = (XXXX), where XXXX is the hex address where the error occurred. Parity Error Parity error in system memory at an unknown address. System Halted! An error caused the computer to halt. Timer Channel 2 Error There is an error in counter/timer 2. Uncorrectable ECC Error An uncorrectable ECC memory error was detected. Undetermined NMI An undetermined NMI was detected. Memory Parity Error at xxxxx Memory failed. If the memory location can be determ ined, it is displayed as xxxxx. If not, the message is Memory Parity Error ????. I/O Card Parity Error An expansion card failed. If the address can be determined , it is at xxxxx displayed as xxxxx. If not, the message is I/O Card Parity Error ????. DMA Bus Time-out A device has driven the bus signal for more than 7.8 microsecon ds. AMI BIOS Error Codes AMI BIOS Beep Codes Table 11 AMI BIOS Beep Codes Beeps Error Message Description 1 DRAM Refresh Failure The memory refresh circuitry on the motherboard is faulty . 2 Parity Error A parity error occurred in system memory. 3 Base 64KB (First Memory failure in the first bank of memory. Bank) Memory Failure 4 System Timer Failure Memory failure in the first bank of memory, or timer 1 on the motherboard is not functioning. 5 Processor Error The processor on the motherboard generated an error. 6 Keyboard Controller The keyboard controller might be bad. The BIOS cannot swit ch Gate A20 Failure to protected mode. 7 Virtual Mode Processor The processor generated an exception interrupt. Exception Interrupt Error 8 Display Memory Read/ The system video adapter is either missing or its memory

is faulty. Write Error 9 ROM Checksum Error ROM checksum value does not match the value encoded in BIOS . 10 CMOS Shutdown The shutdown register for CMOS RAM failed. Register Read/Write Error 11 Cache Error/L2 The L2 cache is faulty. Cache Bad 1 long, Conventional/extended The motherboard memory is faulty. 3 short memory failure 1 long, Display/retrace test The video card is faulty, try reseating or moving t o a 8 short failed different slot. AMI POST Codes Table 12 AMI BIOS POST Codes Code POST Operation In Progress 00h Give control to ROM in flash and execute boot. 00h Execute boot. 02h Disable internal cache. Keyboard controller test. 08h Disable DMA controller #1, #2. Disable interrupt controller #1, #2. Reset vi deo display. 0Dh Check for signature of the board manufacturing company. 0Dh If default jumper is set, go to Load CMOS Default. 0Eh Check the validity of CMOS; if there is anything wrong or invalid, force to default. 0Fh Load default CMOS settings. 10h Clear error register, clear CMOS pending interrupt, check and set clock rate , check and set base memory size 512KB or 640KB. 10h If base memory size is 640KB, allocate extended BIOS data area (EBDA). Other wise, calculate the EBDA. (continues) Technical Reference Table 12 Continued Code POST Operation In Progress 10h Set up overlay environment. Update setup Flags with current operating enviro nment. Initialize interrupt vector pointing to the error handlers. Update setup Flags in EBDA. Initialize CM OS pointers in EBDA. 13h Program all chipset registers. 15h Initialize system timer. 1Bh Go to real memory base 64KB test. 20h 16KB base RAM test. 23h Hook made available prior to initializing the interrupt vector table. 23h Setup interrupt vectors. 24h Initialize and load interrupt vectors. 25h Video rows initialization. 28h Set monochrome mode. 29h Set color displaycolor mode set. 2Ah Clear parity status, if any. 2Bh Custom video initialization required internally by some chipsets before vide o initialization. 2Ch Test optional video ROM. 2Dh Initialize registers internal to chipset after video initialization. 2Eh Check for video ROM. 2Fh Display memory read/write test. 30h Test video horizontal and vertical tracing.

31h Display video memory read/write test. 32h Test video horizontal and vertical tracing. Beep if no video controller inst alled. Check for MDA. 34h Setup video configuration (column x row). Display copyright message. 36h Initialize messaging services. Clear the screen. 37h Display the first screen sign-on. 39h Update screen pointer. Display setup message. Display keyboard sign on. Disp lay mouse sign-on. 40h Memory test starting segment at 00000h. 43h Calculate the memory size left to be tested. 4Fh Disable caching. Check if the system memory size is larger than zero. Test a nd initialize to zero all DRAM. Remap memory partition if necessary. Test 1MB of memory. Update counter on screen. Repeat memory test for each MB of memory until done. 52h ChipsetAdjustMemorySize. Adjust any base of extended memory size because of chipset. 61h Test DMA master page registers. 62h Test DMA slave page registers. 65h Program DMA controllers. 66h Clear DMA write control registers. 67h Unmask timer and NMI. Update master mask register. 80h Run keyboard detection. Run mouse detection. 80h Read interrupt mask; set up diskette ISR, #2, keyboard, and timer. 81h 8042 interface test; enable keyboard interrupt if keyboard is detected. 82h Enable interrupt. 83h Check and set keyboard lock bit. 88h Floppy unit initialization. Floppy controller and data setup. AMI BIOS Error Codes Code POST Operation In Progress 8Ch Set up interface between the BIOS POST and the device initialization managem ent (DIM). 8Fh Read interrupt mask. Unmask floppy interrupt. Setup floppy controller and da ta setup. 92h Set up COM port and LPT port timeout values. Display wait message if setup k ey is pressed. 96h Clear to bottom of the screen. Perform chipset initialization required befor e option ROM scans. Give control to ROM in flash. 97h Verify and give control to optional ROM. 98h Perform any chipset initialization required after option ROM scans; give con trol to ROM in flash. 9Ah Adds MP entries for buses, I/O APIC, I/O INTRs, and LINTs. 9Dh Timer data area initializationset time and date. A0h Set up printer base addresses. A0h Enable internal cache. A1h Set COM base addresses. Keyboard stuck key check. A2h Reset floating point unit. A3h Log and display POST errors if any. Check to see if computer is in manufactu ring mode. If there are POST errors, display setup key and boot key options. A6h Call Setup program if setup was requested. A7h Load and wait for the valid password; unmask INT-0A redirection. ABh Custom floating point unit initialization. ACh Initialize internal floating point unit. ADh Update CMOS with floating point unit presence. ADh A fatal error results in a continuous echo of DEAD to port 80hecho DE (wait 1 sec .), echo AD (wait 1 sec.). AEh Set typematic rate.

AFh Read keyboard ID. B0h Process POST errors. B1h Test cache memory. B3h Set up display mode (40 25, 80 25). B4h Jump to PreOS (pre-operating system) module. BBh Perform work before registers and circular keyboard buffer are cleared. Rein itialize message services. Initialize APM. Perform post-SMI initialization. Circumvents EMM386s attempts to utilize the lower 32KB area base. BBh Fix CMOS read and CMOS write so that every call does not set NMI off. Shadow product information in the compatibility segment. Give a beep for boot. Handle chipset specific mani pulation before boot. Check keyboard for data before MP manipulation. D0h Initialize DS, ES, GS, and FS. Check if keyboard system- bit is set. Check w hether a hard or soft reset has occurred. D1h Power on initialization. Initialize special chipsets in power on/hard reset. Check cache size and type, write reserved cache size information to CMOS, determine processor speed ( optional). D2h Disable NMI reporting. D3h Reset video adapter. D4h If the microprocessor is in protected mode, load GDT 4GB segmentChipsetPreIni t(). Disable L1 and L2 cache; perform any initialization required before the main chipset config uration is done. D5h System validity check. Calculate checksum. D6h Provides capability to do any special chipset initialization required before keyboard controller testing can begin. (continues) Technical Reference Table 12 Continued Code POST Operation In Progress D7h Flush the keyboard input buffer. D8h Issue keyboard BAT command. D9h Retrieve 8042 KBC output buffer. DAh If keyboard initialization failed, display error message and halt. DBh Provides capability to do any special chipset initialization after KBC test. DDh Initialize keyboard controller command byte. DEh A fatal error results in a continuous echo of DEAD to port 80h, echo DE (wait 1 sec.), and echo AD (wait 1 sec). DFh Disable master/slave DMA controllers. E0h Initialize master/slave programmable interrupt controllers. E1h ChipsetInit. Preset any defaults needed to chipset registers. E1h Start the refresh timer(s) running. E1h Size all L2/L3 cache (if present/required). E1h Detect EDO memory module. E1h Size memory partition boundaries. E1h Disable all memory holes. E1h The 512640KB must be DRAM mapped. E1h Gate A20 must be set and left set for POST. E2h Initialize timer channel 2 for speaker. E3h Initialize timer channel 0 for system timer. E4h Clear pending parity errors; disable and clear parity, reactivate parity. E5h Enter flat mode. E6h Test the first 2MB of system memory.

E7h Get minimum memory partition size and test memory. E8h Remap SIMMs if failure detected and remapping supported. E8h Display error message and halt if remapping not supported. E9h After memory test, clear pending parity errors. Disable and clear parity, se t bits to reactivate parity. EAh Set up stack for POST. Enable enhanced POST. Shadow FE00h block. EBh Look for the location of dispatcher in the packing list. EBh Call decompression dispatcher Init function. ECh Make F000h DRAM R/W enabled. Force use of EDI. EDh Actively dispatch BIOS. F0h Initialize I/O cards in slots. F1h Enable extended NMI sources. F2h Test extended NMI sources. F3h Display EISA error message, if any. Get keyboard controller vendor; program the keyboard controller. F4h Enable extended NMI sources. F5h Initialize mouse. Note Some port 80 codes are listed more than once because they test multiple function s. For example, code 0EBh tests both for the location of dispatcher in the packing list and for calling the deco mpression dispatcher Init function. Phoenix BIOS Error Codes Phoenix BIOS Error Codes Phoenix BIOS Text Error Messages Table 13 Phoenix BIOS Text Error Messages Error Message Explanation Diskette drive A error Drive A: is present but fails the POST diskette tests. Ch eck that the drive is defined with the proper diskette type in Setup and that the disk drive is installed correctly. Extended RAM Failed at Extended memory not working or not configured properly at offset nnnn. offset: nnnn Failing Bits: nnnn The hexadecimal number nnnn is a map of the bits at the RAM a ddress (System, Extended, or Shadow memory) that failed the memory test. Each 1 in the map indicates a failed bit. Fixed Disk 0 Failure Fixed disk is not working or not configured properly. Check to see if fixed Fixed Disk 1 Failure disk is installed properly. Run Setup to be sure the fixeddisk type is correctly Fixed Disk Controller identified. Failure Incorrect Drive A type - Type of diskette drive for drive A: not correctly ident ified in Setup. run SETUP Invalid NVRAM media type Problem with NVRAM (CMOS) access. Keyboard controller error The keyboard controller failed test. Try replacing the keyboard. Keyboard error Keyboard not working. Keyboard error nn BIOS discovered a stuck key and displays the scan code nn for the stuck key. Keyboard locked Unlock Unlock the system to proceed. key switch Monitor type does not Monitor type not correctly identified in Setup. match CMOS - Run SETUP Operating system not found Operating system cannot be located on either drive A: or C:. Enter Setup

and see if fixed disk and drive A: are properly identified. Parity Check 1 Parity error found in the system bus. BIOS attempts to locate the address and display it on the screen. If it cannot locate the address, it displays ????. Parity Check 2 Parity error found in the I/O bus. BIOS attempts to locate the ad dress and display it onscreen. If it cannot locate the address, it displays ????. Press <F1> to resume, Displayed after any recoverable error message. Press F1 to start the <F2> to Setup boot process or F2 to enter Setup and change any settings. Real-time clock error Real-time clock fails BIOS test. Might require motherboard repair. Shadow RAM Failed at Shadow RAM failed at offset nnnn of the 64KB block at which the error offset: nnnn was detected. System battery is dead - The CMOS clock battery indicator shows the battery is d ead. Replace the Replace and run SETUP battery and run Setup to reconfigure the system. System cache error Cache RAM cache failed the BIOS test. BIOS disabled the cache . disabled System CMOS checksum System CMOS RAM has been corrupted or modified incorrectly, perhaps by bad - run SETUP an application program that changes data stored in CMOS. Run Set up and reconfigure the system either by getting the default values or making your own selections. System RAM Failed at System RAM failed at offset nnnn of the 64KB block at which the error was offset: nnnn detected. System timer error The timer test failed. Requires repair of system motherboard. Technical Reference Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes Table 14 Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes Port Beeps 80h Code Explanation 1-2-2-3 16h BIOS ROM checksum 1-3-1-1 20h Test DRAM refresh 1-3-1-3 22h Test keyboard controller 1-3-3-1 28h Autosize DRAM 1-3-3-2 29h Initialize POST memory manager 1-3-3-3 2Ah Clear 512KB base RAM 1-3-4-1 2Ch RAM failure on address line xxxx 1-3-4-3 2Eh RAM failure on data bits xxxx of low byte of memory bus 1-4-1-1 30h RAM failure on data bits xxxx of high byte of memory bus 2-1-2-2 45h POST device initialization 2-1-2-3 46h Check ROM copyright notice 2-2-3-1 58h Test for unexpected interrupts 2-2-4-1 5Ch Test RAM between 512640KB 1-2 98h Search for option ROMs. One long and two short beeps on checksum failure Phoenix BIOS POST Codes Table 15 Phoenix BIOS POST Codes Code POST Operation in Progress 02h Verify real mode 03h Disable non-maskable interrupt (NMI) 04h Get processor type 06h Initialize system hardware 08h Initialize chipset with initial POST values 09h Set IN POST flag 0Ah Initialize CPU registers

0Bh Enable CPU cache 0Ch Initialize caches to initial POST values 0Eh Initialize I/O component 0Fh Initialize the local bus IDE 10h Initialize power management 11h Load alternate registers with initial POST values 12h Restore CPU control word during warm boot 13h Initialize PCI bus mastering devices 14h Initialize keyboard controller 16h BIOS ROM checksum 17h Initialize cache before memory autosize 18h 8254 timer initialization 1Ah 8237 DMA controller initialization Phoenix BIOS Error Codes Code POST Operation in Progress 1Ch Reset programmable interrupt controller 20h Test DRAM refresh 22h Test keyboard controller 24h Set ES segment register to 4GB 26h Enable A20 line 28h Autosize DRAM 29h Initialize POST memory manager 2Ah Clear 512KB base RAM 2Ch RAM failure on address line xxxx* 2Eh RAM failure on data bits xxxx* of low byte of memory bus 2Fh Enable cache before system BIOS shadow 30h RAM failure on data bits xxxx* of high byte of memory bus 32h Test CPU bus-clock frequency 33h Initialize POST dispatch manager 34h Test CMOS RAM 35h Initialize alternate chipset registers 36h Warm start shut down 37h Reinitialize the chipset (motherboard only) 38h Shadow system BIOS ROM 39h Reinitialize the cache (motherboard only) 3Ah Autosize cache 3Ch Configure advanced chipset registers 3Dh Load alternate registers with CMOS valuesnew 40h Set Initial CPU speed new 42h Initialize interrupt vectors 44h Initialize BIOS interrupts 45h POST device initialization 46h Check ROM copyright notice 47h Initialize manager for PCI option ROMs 48h Check video configuration against CMOS RAM data 49h Initialize PCI bus and devices 4Ah Initialize all video adapters in system 4Bh Display QuietBoot screen 4Ch Shadow video BIOS ROM 4Eh Display BIOS copyright notice 50h Display CPU type and speed 51h Initialize EISA motherboard 52h Test keyboard 54h Set key click if enabled 56h Enable keyboard 58h Test for unexpected interrupts 59h Initialize POST display service 5Ah Display prompt Press F2 to enter SETUP (continues) Technical Reference

Table 15 Continued Code POST Operation in Progress 5Bh Disable CPU cache 5Ch Test RAM between 512640KB 60h Test extended memory 62h Test extended memory address lines 64h Jump to UserPatch1 66h Configure advanced cache registers 67h Initialize multiprocessor APIC 68h Enable external and processor caches 69h Setup System Management mode (SMM) area 6Ah Display external L2 cache size 6Ch Display shadow area message 6Eh Display possible high address for UMB recovery 70h Display error messages 72h Check for configuration errors 74h Test real-time clock 76h Check for keyboard errors 7Ah Test for key lock on 7Ch Set up hardware interrupt vectors 7Eh Initialize coprocessor if present 80h Disable onboard Super I/O ports and IRQs 81h Late POST device initialization 82h Detect and install external RS232 ports 83h Configure non-MCD IDE controllers 84h Detect and install external parallel ports 85h Initialize PC-compatible PnP ISA devices 86h Reinitialize onboard I/O ports 87h Configure motherboard configurable devices 88h Initialize BIOS data area 89h Enable non-maskable interrupts (NMIs) 8Ah Initialize extended BIOS data area 8Bh Test and initialize PS/2 mouse 8Ch Initialize diskette controller 8Fh Determine number of ATA drives 90h Initialize hard-disk controllers 91h Initialize local-bus hard-disk controllers 92h Jump to UserPatch2 93h Build MPTABLE for multiprocessor boards 94h Disable A20 address line (Rel. 5.1 and earlier) 95h Install CD-ROM for boot 96h Clear huge ES segment register 97h Fix up multiprocessor table 98h Search for option ROMs 99h Check for S.M.A.R.T. drive Phoenix BIOS Error Codes Code POST Operation in Progress 9Ah Shadow option ROMs 9Ch Set up power management 9Eh Enable hardware interrupts 9Fh Determine number of ATA and SCSI drives A0h Set time of day A2h Check key lock A4h Initialize typematic rate A8h Erase F2 prompt AAh Scan for F2 key stroke ACh Enter SETUP AEh Clear IN POST flag B0h Check for errors B2h POST done; prepare to boot operating system

B4h One short beep before boot B5h Terminate QuietBoot B6h Check password (optional) B8h Clear global descriptor table B9h Clean up all graphics Bah Initialize DMI parameters BBh Initialize PnP Option ROMs BCh Clear parity checkers BDh Display MultiBoot menu BEh Clear screen (optional) BFh Check virus and backup reminders C0h Try to boot with INT 19h C1h Initialize POST Error Manager (PEM) C2h Initialize error logging C3h Initialize error display function C4h Initialize system error handler E0h Initialize the chipset E1h Initialize the bridge E2h Initialize the processor E3h Initialize system timer E4h Initialize system I/O E5h Check force recovery boot E6h Checksum BIOS ROM E7h Go to BIOS E8h Set huge segment E9h Initialize multiprocessor EAh Initialize OEM special code EBh Initialize PIC and DMA ECh Initialize memory type EDh Initialize memory size (continues) Technical Reference Table 15 Continued Code POST Operation in Progress EEh Shadow boot block EFh System memory test F0h Initialize interrupt vectors F1h Initialize runtime clock F2h Initialize video F3h Initialize beeper F4h Initialize boot F5h Clear huge segment F6h Boot to mini-DOS F7h Boot to full DOS If the BIOS detects error 2C, 2E, or 30 (base 512KB RAM error), it displays an a dditional word-bitmap (xxxx) indicating the address line or bits that failed. For example, 2C 0002 means addr ess line 1 (bit one set) has failed. 2E 1020 means data bits 12 and 5 (bits 12 and 5 set) have failed. The BI OS also sends this bitmap to the port-80 LED display. It first displays the check point code, followed by a d elay, the high-order byte, another delay, and then the low-order byte of the error. It repeats this sequence contin uously. Even with this information, normally you wont be able to replace the individual chips that are bad; youll have to replace the entire bank of memory instead. Microid Research (MR) BIOS Error Codes Microid Research Beep Codes The MR BIOS generates patterns of high and low beeps to signal an error conditio

n. The beep codes are shown in Table 16. Table 16 Microid Research Beep Codes Port 80h Code Beep Codes Error Messages 03h LH-LLL ROM-BIOS Checksum Failure 04h LH-HLL DMA Page Register Failure 05h LH-LHL Keyboard Controller Selftest Failure 08h LH-HHL Memory Refresh Circuitry Failure 09h LH-LLH Master (16-bit) DMA Controller Failure 09h LH-HLH Slave (8-bit) DMA Controller Failure 0Ah LH-LLLL Base 64KB Pattern Test Failure 0Ah LH-HLLL Base 64KB Parity Circuitry Failure 0Ah LH-LHLL Base 64KB Parity Error 0Ah LH-HHLL Base 64KB Data Bus Failure 0Ah LH-LLHL Base 64KB Address Bus Failure 0Ah LH-HLHL Base 64KB Block Access Read Failure 0Ah LH-LHHL Base 64KB Block Access Read/Write Failure 0Bh LH-HHHL Master 8259 (Port 21) Failure 0Bh LH-LLLH Slave 8259 (Port A1) Failure Microid Research (MR) BIOS Error Codes Port 80h Code Beep Codes Error Messages 0Ch LH-HLLH Master 8259 (Port 20) Interrupt Address Error 0Ch LH-LHLH Slave 8259 (Port A0) Interrupt Address Error 0Ch LH-HHLH 8259 (Port 20/A0) Interrupt Address Error 0Ch LH-LLHH Master 8259 (Port 20) Stuck Interrupt Error 0Ch LH-HLHH Slave 8259 (Port A0) Stuck Interrupt Error 0Ch LH-LHHH System Timer 8254 CH0/IRQ0 Interrupt Failure 0Dh LH-HHHH 8254 Channel 0 (System Timer) Failure 0Eh LH-LLLLH 8254 Channel 2 (Speaker) Failure 0Eh LH-HLLLH 8254 OUT2 (Speaker Detect) Failure 0Fh LH-LHLLH CMOS RAM Read/Write Test Failure 0Fh LH-HHLLH RTC Periodic Interrupt/IRQ8 Failure 10h LH-LLHLH Video ROM Checksum Failure at Address XXXX, Mono Card Memory Error at Address XXXX, Mono Card Memory Address Line Error at Address XXXX, Color Graphics Card Memory Error at Address XXXX, Color Graphics Card Address Line Error at Address XXXX 11h (None) Real Time Clock (RTC) Battery is Discharged 11h (None) Battery Backed Memory (CMOS) is Corrupt 12h LH-HLHLH Keyboard Controller Failure 14h LH-LHHLH Memory Parity Error 18h 19h 14h LH-HHHLH I/O Channel Error 18h 19h 14h (None) RAM Pattern Test Failed at XXXX, 18h Parity Circuit Failure in Bank XXXX, 19h Data Bus Test Failed: Address XXXX, Address Line Test Failed at XXXX, Block Access Read Failure at Address XXXX, Block Access Read/Write Failure: Address XXXX, Banks Decode to Same Location: XXXX and YYYY 12h (None) Keyboard Error - Stuck Key Keyboard Failure or no 15hKeyboard Present 17h LH-LLLHH A20 Test Failure Due to 8042 Timeout 17h LH-HLLHH A20 Gate Stuck in Disabled State (A20=0) 17h (None) A20 Gate Stuck in Asserted State (A20 Follows CPU) 1Ah LH-LHLHH Real Time Clock (RTC) is Not Updating 1Ah (None) Real Time Clock (RTC) Settings are Invalid

1Eh (None) Diskette CMOS Configuration is Invalid, Diskette Controller Failure, Diskette Drive A: Failure, Diskette Drive B: Failure 1Fh (None) Fixed Disk CMOS Configuration is Invalid, Fixed Disk C:(80) Failure, Fixed Disk D:(81) Failure, Please Wait for Fixed Disk to Spin Up (continues) Technical Reference Table 16 Continued Port 80h Code Beep Codes Error Messages 20h (None) Fixed Disk, Diskette, Serial Port, Parallel Port, Video, Memory, or Numeric Coprocessor Configuration Change 21h (None) System Key is in Locked Position - Turn Key to Unlocked Position 29h (None) Adapter ROM Checksum Failure at Address XXXX L = Low tone H = High tone Microid Research POST Codes Table 17 Microid Research POST Codes POST Code Meaning 00h Cold-Boot commences. (Not seen with warm boot). 01h HOOK 00. OEM specific, typically resets chipset to default. 02h Disable critical I/O: 6845s, 8237s, 765, and parity latches. 03h BIOS checksum test. 04h Page register test. (Ports 818F). 05h 8042 (Keyboard Controller) Selftest. 06h Gang Port Init: 8237 m/s, 8254 ch2/1, RTC REG F/A, 8259 m/s. 07h HOOK 01. OEM specific, typically disables cache, shadow. 08h Refresh toggle test (PORTB). 09h Pattern test master/slave 8237s, eight 16-bit regs each. 0Ah Base 64KB memory test. 0Bh Pattern test master/slave 8259 mask regs. 0Ch 8259/IRQ tests, purge powerup ints. 0Dh 8254 channel-0 test and initialization. 0Eh 8254 channel-2 toggle test, test speaker circuitry. 0Fh RTC tests/inits: Init REG-B, write/readback NVRAM, PIE test. 13h HOOK 02. OEM specific, select 8MHz bus. 10h Video Initialization. 11h CMOS checksum test. 12h Signon msg, Accept KB BAT, perform first try KB init, cold-boot delay. 14h Size/Test base memory (low 64KB already done). 15h Perform second try KB init, if necessary. 16h HOOK 03. OEM specific. Size/test cache. 17h Test A20 gate, off then on. 18h Size/Test extended memory. 19h HOOK 04 and Size/Test system memory (special OEM memory). IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes POST Code Meaning 1Ah Test RTC Update-In-Progress and validate time. 1Bh Serial port determination, off-board/onboard. 1Ch Parallel port determination, off-board/onboard. 1Dh Coprocessor determination/initialization. 1Eh Floppy controller test/determination, CMOS validation.

1Fh Fixed Disk controller test/determination, CMOS validation. 20h Rigorous CMOS parameter validation, display other config. changes. 21h Front-Panel lock check, wait for user to acknowledge errors. 22h Set NumLock, Password-Security Trap, dispatch to Setup utility. 23h HOOK 05. OEM specific. 24h Set typematic rate. 28h HOOK 06. OEM specific, typically enables shadow, cache, turbo. 25h Floppy subsystem initialization. 26h Fixed subsystem initialization. 27h ACK errors, set primary adapter video mode. 29h Disable A20-gate, set low stack, install C800-E000 ROMs. 2Ah ACK errors, set video mode, set DOS time variables from RTC. 2Bh Enable parity checking and NMI. 2Ch Install E000 ROM. 2Dh ACK errors. 2Eh HOOK 07. OEM specific. Log-in EMS (if built-in). 2Fh Pass control to INT19 (boot disk). IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes After completing the POST, an audio code indicates either a normal condition or that one of several errors has occurred. Table 18 IBM POST Audio Error Codes Audio Code Sound Graph Description 1 short beep Normal POSTsystem OK 2 short beeps POST errorerror code on display No beep Power supply, system board Continuous beep Power supply, system board Repeating Power supply, system board short beeps 1 long, System board 1 short beep 1 long, Video adapter (MDA/CGA) 2 short beeps 1 long, Video adapter (EGA/VGA) 3 short beeps 3 long beeps 3270 keyboard card Technical Reference IBM has developed a system in which the first part of the error code indicates t he device the error involves, and the last part indicates the exact error meaning. One of the bigges t problems with these error codes is that IBM does not publish a complete list of the errors in any single publication; instead, it details specific error codes in many different publications. I have researched these codes for many years; the following table represents all the codes I have found meanings for. These codes have been selected from a number of sources, including all IBMs techn ical-reference and hardware-maintenance service manuals. Table 19 IBM POST and Diagnostics Error Codes Code Description 1xx System Board Errors 101 System board interrupt failure (unexpected interrupt). 102 System board timer failure. 102 PS/2; real-time clock (RTC)/64 byte CMOS RAM test failure. 103 System board timer interrupt failure. 103 PS/2; 2KB CMOS RAM extension test failure. 104 System board protected mode failure.

105 System board 8042 keyboard controller command failure. 106 System board converting logic test failure. 107 System board non-maskable interrupt (NMI) test failure; hot NMI. 108 System board timer bus test failure. 109 System board memory select error; low MB chip select test failed. 110 PS/2 system board parity check error (PARITY CHECK 1). 111 PS/2 I/O channel (bus) parity check error (PARITY CHECK 2). 112 PS/2 Micro Channel Arbitration error; watchdog time-out (NMI error). 113 PS/2 Micro Channel Arbitration error; DMA arbitration time-out (NMI error). 114 PS/2 external ROM checksum error. 115 Cache parity error, ROM checksum error or DMA error. 116 System board port read/write failure. 118 System board parity or L2-cache error during previous power-on. 119 E Step level 82077 (floppy controller) and 2.88MB drive installed (not support ed). 120 Microprocessor self-test error. 121 256KB ROM checksum error (second 128KB bank). 121 Unexpected hardware interrupts occurred. 131 PC system board cassette port wrap test failure. 131 Direct memory access (DMA) compatibility registers error. 132 Direct memory access (DMA) extended registers error. 133 Direct memory access (DMA) verify logic error. 134 Direct memory access (DMA) arbitration logic error. 151 Battery or CMOS RAM failure. 152 Real-time clock or CMOS RAM failure. 160 PS/2 system board ID not recognized. 161 CMOS configuration empty (dead battery). IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 1xx System Board Errors 162 CMOS checksum error or adapter ID mismatch. 163 CMOS error; date and time not set (clock not updating). 164 Memory size error; CMOS setting does not match memory. 165 PS/2 Micro Channel adapter ID and CMOS mismatch. 166 PS/2 Micro Channel adapter time-out error (card busy). 167 PS/2 CMOS clock not updating. 168 CMOS configuration error (math coprocessor). 169 System board and processor card configuration mismatch. Run Setup. 170 ASCII setup conflict error. 170 PC Convertible; LCD not in use when suspended. 171 Rolling-bit-test failure on CMOS shutdown address byte. 171 PC Convertible; base 128KB checksum failure. 172 Rolling-bit-test failure on NVRAM diagnostic byte. 172 PC Convertible; diskette active when suspended. 173 Bad CMOS/NVRAM checksum. 173 PC Convertible; real-time clock RAM verification error. 174 Bad configuration. 174 PC Convertible; LCD configuration changed. 175 Bad EEPROM CRC #1. 175 PC Convertible; LCD alternate mode failed. 176 Tamper evident. 177 Bad PAP (privileged-access password) CRC. 177 Bad EEPROM. 178 Bad EEPROM. 179 NVRAM error log full. 180x Sub Address data error, where x = the slot number that caused the error. 181 Unsupported configurations. 182 Privileged-access switch (JMP2) is not in the write-enable position. 183 PAP is needed to boot from the system programs. 183 Privileged-access password required.

184 Bad power-on password checksumerase it. 184 Bad power-on password. 185 Bad startup sequence. 186 Password-protection hardware error. 187 Serial number error. 188 Bad EEPROM checksum CRC #2. 189 Excessive incorrect password attempts. 191 82385 cache controller test failure. 194 System board memory error. 199 User indicated INSTALLED DEVICES list is not correct. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 2xx Memory (RAM) Errors 20x Memory error. 201 Memory test failure; error location might be displayed. 202 Memory address error; lines 0015. 203 Memory address error; lines 1623 (ISA) or 1631 (MCA). 204 Memory remapped due to error (run diagnostics again). 205 Base 128KB memory error; memory remapped. 207 ROM failure. 210 System board memory parity error. 211 PS/2 memory; base 64KB on system board failed. 212 Watchdog time-out error (reported by NMI interrupt handler). 213 DMA bus arbitration time-out (reported by NMI interrupt handler). 215 PS/2 memory; base 64KB on daughter/SIP 2 failed. 216 PS/2 memory; base 64KB on daughter/SIP 1 failed. 221 PS/2 memory; ROM to RAM copy failed (ROM shadowing). 225 PS/2 memory; wrong-speed memory on system board, unsupported SIMM. 230 Overlapping adapter and planar memory (Family 1). 231 Non-contiguous adapter memory installed (Family 1). 231 2/4-16MB Enhanced 386 memory adapter; memory module 1 failed. 235 Stuck data line on memory module, microprocessor or system board. 241 2/4-16MB Enhanced 386 memory adapter; memory module 2 failed. 251 2/4-16MB Enhanced 386 memory adapter; memory module 3 failed. 3xx Keyboard Errors 301 Keyboard reset or stuck key failure (SS 301, SS = scan code in hex). 302 System unit keylock is locked. 303 Keyboard-to-system board interface error; keyboard controller failure. 304 Keyboard or system board error; keyboard clock high. 305 Keyboard +5v dc error; PS/2 keyboard fuse (on system board) error. 306 Unsupported keyboard attached. 341 Keyboard error. 342 Keyboard cable error. 343 Keyboard LED card or cable failure. 365 Keyboard LED card or cable failure. 366 Keyboard interface cable failure. 367 Keyboard LED card or cable failure. 4xx Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) Errors 4xx PS/2 System Board Parallel Port Errors 401 Monochrome memory, horizontal sync frequency, or video test failure. 401 PS/2 system board parallel port failure. 408 User indicated display attributes failure. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 4xx PS/2 System Board Parallel Port Errors 416 User indicated character set failure. 424 User indicated 80525 mode failure. 432 Parallel port test failure; monochrome display adapter.

5xx Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) Errors *501 CRT error. 501 CGA memory, horizontal sync frequency, or video test failure. 503 CGA adapter controller failed. 508 User indicated display attribute failure. 516 User indicated character set failure. 524 User indicated 8025 mode failure. 532 User indicated 4025 mode failure. 540 User indicated 320200 graphics mode failure. 548 User indicated 640200 graphics mode failure. 556 User indicated light-pen test failed. 564 User indicated paging test failure. 6xx Floppy Drive/Controller Errors 601 Floppy drive/controller POST failure; disk drive or controller error. 602 Diskette boot sector is not valid. 603 Diskette size error. 604 Non-media sense. 605 Diskette drive locked. 606 Diskette verify test failure. 607 Write-protect error. 608 Drive-command error. 610 Diskette initialization failure; track 0 bad. 611 Drive time-out error. 612 Controller chip (NEC) error. 613 Direct memory access (DMA) error. 614 Direct memory access (DMA) boundary overrun error. 615 Drive index timing error. 616 Drive speed error. 621 Drive seek error. 622 Drive cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error. 623 Sector not found error. 624 Address mark error. 625 Controller chip (NEC) seek error. 626 Diskette data compare error. 627 Diskette change error. 628 Diskette removed. 630 Index stuck high; drive A:. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 6xx Floppy Drive/Controller Errors 631 Index stuck low; drive A:. 632 Track 0 stuck off; drive A:. 633 Track 0 stuck on; drive A:. 640 Index stuck high; drive B:. 641 Index stuck low; drive B:. 642 Track 0 stuck off; drive B:. 643 Track 0 stuck on; drive B:. 645 No index pulse. 646 Drive track 0 detection failed. 647 No transitions on read data line. 648 Format test failed. 649 Incorrect media type in drive. 650 Drive speed error. 651 Format failure. 652 Verify failure. 653 Read failure. 654 Write failure. 655 Controller error.

656 Drive failure. 657 Write-protect stuck protected. 658 Changeline stuck changed. 659 Write-protect stuck unprotected. 660 Changeline stuck unchanged. 7xx Math Coprocessor Errors 701 Math coprocessor presence/initialization error. 702 Exception errors test failure. 703 Rounding test failure. 704 Arithmetic test 1 failure. 705 Arithmetic test 2 failure. 706 Arithmetic test 3 (80387 only) failure. 707 Combination test failure. 708 Integer load/store test failure. 709 Equivalent expressions errors. 710 Exception (interrupt) errors. 711 Save state (FSAVE) errors. 712 Protected mode test failure. 713 Special test (voltage/temperature sensitivity) failure. 9xx Parallel Printer Adapter Errors 901 Printer adapter data register latch error. 902 Printer adapter control register latch error. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 9xx Parallel Printer Adapter Errors 903 Printer adapter register address decode error. 904 Printer adapter address decode error. 910 Status line(s) wrap connector error. 911 Status line bit 8 wrap error. 912 Status line bit 7 wrap error. 913 Status line bit 6 wrap error. 914 Status line bit 5 wrap error. 915 Status line bit 4 wrap error. 916 Printer adapter interrupt wrap error. 917 Unexpected printer adapter interrupt. 92x Feature register error. 10xx Alternate Parallel Printer Adapter Errors 1001 Printer adapter data register latch error. 1002 Printer adapter control register latch error. 1003 Printer adapter register address decode error. 1004 Printer adapter address decode error. 1010 Status line(s) wrap connector error. 1011 Status line bit 8 wrap error. 1012 Status line bit 7 wrap error. 1013 Status line bit 6 wrap error. 1014 Status line bit 5 wrap error. 1015 Status line bit 4 wrap error. 1016 Printer adapter interrupt wrap error. 1017 Unexpected printer adapter interrupt. 102x Feature register error. 11xx Primary Async Communications (Serial COM1:) Errors 1101 16450/16550 chip error; serial port A error. 1102 Card selected feedback error. 1102 PC Convertible internal modem test failed. 1103 Port 102h register test failure. 1103 PC Convertible internal modem dial tone test 1 failed. 1104 PC Convertible internal modem dial tone test 2 failed. 1106 Serial option cannot be put to sleep. 1107 Cable error. 1108 Interrupt request (IRQ) 3 error.

1109 Interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 1110 16450/16550 chip register failure. 1111 Internal wrap test of 16450/16550 chip modem control line failure. 1112 External wrap test of 16450/16550 chip modem control line failure. 1113 16450/16550 chip transmit error. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 11xx Primary Async Communications (Serial COM1:) Errors 1114 16450/16550 chip receive error. 1115 16450/16550 chip receive error; data not equal to transmit data. 1116 16450/16550 chip interrupt function error. 1117 16450/16550 chip baud rate test failure. 1118 16450/16550 chip receive external data wrap test failure. 1119 16550 chip first-in/first-out (FIFO) buffer failure. 1120 Interrupt enable register error; all bits cannot be set. 1121 Interrupt enable register error; all bits cannot be reset. 1122 Interrupt pending; stuck on. 1123 Interrupt ID register; stuck on. 1124 Modem control register error; all bits cannot be set. 1125 Modem control register error; all bits cannot be reset. 1126 Modem status register error; all bits cannot be set. 1127 Modem status register error; all bits cannot be reset. 1128 Interrupt ID error. 1129 Cannot force overrun error. 1130 No modem status interrupt. 1131 Invalid interrupt pending. 1132 No data ready. 1133 No data available interrupt. 1134 No transmit holding interrupt. 1135 No interrupts. 1136 No received sine status interrupt. 1137 No receive data available. 1138 Transmit holding register not empty. 1139 No modem status interrupt. 1140 Transmit holding register not empty. 1141 No interrupts. 1142 No interrupt 4. 1143 No interrupt 3. 1144 No data transferred. 1145 Maximum baud rate error. 1146 Minimum baud rate error. 1148 Time-out error. 1149 Invalid data returned. 1150 Modem status register error. 1151 No data set ready and delta data set ready. 1152 No data set ready. 1153 No delta data set ready. 1154 Modem status register not clear. 1155 No clear to send and delta clear to send. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 11xx Primary Async Communications (Serial COM1:) Errors 1156 No clear to send. 1157 No delta clear to send. Alternate Async Communications (Serial COM2:, COM3:, and 12xx COM4:) Errors 1201 16450/16550 chip error. 1202 Card selected feedback error.

1203 Port 102h register test failure. 1206 Serial option cannot be put to sleep. 1207 Cable error. 1208 Interrupt request (IRQ) 3 error. 1209 Interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 1210 16450/16550 chip register failure. 1211 Internal wrap test of 16450/16550 chip modem control line failure. 1212 External wrap test of 16450/16550 chip modem control line failure. 1213 16450/16550 chip transmit error. 1214 16450/16550 chip receive error. 1215 16450/16550 chip receive error; data not equal to transmit data. 1216 16450/16550 chip interrupt function error. 1217 16450/16550 chip baud rate test failure. 1218 16450/16550 chip receive external data wrap test failure. 1219 16550 chip first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer failure. 1220 Interrupt enable register error; all bits cannot be set. 1221 Interrupt enable register error; all bits cannot be reset. 1222 Interrupt pending; stuck on. 1223 Interrupt ID register; stuck on. 1224 Modem control register error; all bits cannot be set. 1225 Modem control register error; all bits cannot be reset. 1226 Modem status register error; all bits cannot be set. 1227 Modem status register error; all bits cannot be reset. 1228 Interrupt ID error. 1229 Cannot force overrun error. 1230 No modem status interrupt. 1231 Invalid interrupt pending. 1232 No data ready. 1233 No data available interrupt. 1234 No transmit holding interrupt. 1235 No interrupts. 1236 No received sine status interrupt. 1237 No receive data available. 1238 Transmit holding register not empty. 1239 No modem status interrupt. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description Alternate Async Communications (Serial COM2:, COM3:, and 12xx COM4:) Errors 1240 Transmit holding register not empty. 1241 No interrupts. 1242 No interrupt 4. 1243 No interrupt 3. 1244 No data transferred. 1245 Maximum baud rate error. 1246 Minimum baud rate error. 1248 Time-out error. 1249 Invalid data returned. 1250 Modem status register error. 1251 No data set ready and delta data set ready. 1252 No data set ready. 1253 No delta data set ready. 1254 Modem status register not clear. 1255 No clear to send and delta clear to send. 1256 No clear to send. 1257 No delta clear to send. 13xx Game Control Adapter Errors 1301 Game control adapter test failure.

1302 Joystick test failure. 14xx Matrix Printer Errors 1401 Printer test failure. 1402 Printer not ready error. 1403 Printer no-paper error. 1404 System board time-out. 1405 Parallel adapter failure. 1406 Printer presence test failed. Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) Communications Adapter 15xx Errors 1501 SDLC adapter test failure. 1510 8255 Port B failure. 1511 8255 Port A failure. 1512 8255 Port C failure. 1513 8253 Timer #1 did not reach terminal count. 1514 8253 Timer #1 stuck on. 1515 8253 Timer #0 did not reach terminal count. 1516 8253 Timer #0 stuck on. 1517 8253 Timer #2 did not reach terminal count. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) Communications Adapter 15xx Errors 1518 8253 Timer #2 stuck on. 1519 8273 Port B error. 1520 8273 Port A error. 1521 8273 command/read time-out. 1522 Interrupt Level 4 failure. 1523 Ring Indicate stuck on. 1524 Receive Clock stuck on. 1525 Transmit Clock stuck on. 1526 Test Indicate stuck on. 1527 Ring Indicate not on. 1528 Receive Clock not on. 1529 Transmit Clock not on. 1530 Test Indicate not on. 1531 Data Set Ready not on. 1532 Carrier Detect not on. 1533 Clear to Send not on. 1534 Data Set Ready stuck on. 1535 Carrier Detect stuck on. 1536 Clear to Send stuck on. 1537 Interrupt Level 3 failure. 1538 Receive interrupt results error. 1539 Wrap data compare error. 1540 Direct memory access Channel 1 error. 1541 Direct memory access Channel 1 error. 1542 8273 error-checking or status-reporting error. 1547 Stray interrupt Level 4. 1548 Stray interrupt Level 3. 1549 Interrupt presentation sequence time-out. 16xx Display Station Emulation Adapter (DSEA) Errors (5520, 525x) 1604 DSEA or twinaxial network error. 1608 DSEA or twinaxial network error. 1624 DSEA error. 1634 DSEA error. 1644 DSEA error. 1652 DSEA error. 1654 DSEA error. 1658 DSEA error.

1662 DSEA interrupt level error. 1664 DSEA error. 1668 DSEA interrupt level error. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 16xx Display Station Emulation Adapter (DSEA) Errors (5520, 525x) 1669 DSEA diagnostics error; use 3.0 or higher. 1674 DSEA diagnostics error; use 3.0 or higher. 1674 DSEA station address error. 1684 DSEA device address error. 1688 DSEA device address error. 17xx ST-506/412 Fixed Disk and Controller Errors 1701 Fixed disk general POST error. 1702 Drive/controller time-out error. 1703 Drive seek error. 1704 Controller failed. 1705 Drive sector not found error. 1706 Write fault error. 1707 Drive track 0 error. 1708 Head select error. 1709 Error correction code (ECC) error. 1710 Sector buffer overrun. 1711 Bad address mark. 1712 Internal controller diagnostics failure. 1713 Data compare error. 1714 Drive not ready. 1715 Track 0 indicator failure. 1716 Diagnostics cylinder errors. 1717 Surface read errors. 1718 Hard drive type error. 1720 Bad diagnostics cylinder. 1726 Data compare error. 1730 Controller error. 1731 Controller error. 1732 Controller error. 1733 BIOS undefined error return. 1735 Bad command error. 1736 Data corrected error. 1737 Bad track error. 1738 Bad sector error. 1739 Bad initialization error. 1740 Bad sense error. 1750 Drive verify failure. 1751 Drive read failure. 1752 Drive write failure. 1753 Drive random read test failure. 1754 Drive seek test failure. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 17xx ST-506/412 Fixed Disk and Controller Errors 1755 Controller failure. 1756 Controller error-correction code (ECC) test failure. 1757 Controller head-select failure. 1780 Seek failure; drive 0. 1781 Seek failure; drive 1. 1782 Controller test failure. 1790 Diagnostic cylinder read error; drive 0. 1791 Diagnostic cylinder read error; drive 1.

18xx I/O Expansion Unit Errors 1801 I/O expansion unit POST failure. 1810 Enable/disable failure. 1811 Extender card wrap test failure; disabled. 1812 High-order address lines failure; disabled. 1813 Wait state failure; disabled. 1814 Enable/disable could not be set on. 1815 Wait state failure; disabled. 1816 Extender card wrap test failure; enabled. 1817 High-order address lines failure; enabled. 1818 Disable not functioning. 1819 Wait request switch not set correctly. 1820 Receiver card wrap test failure. 1821 Receiver high order address lines failure. 19xx 3270 PC Attachment Card Errors 20xx Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) Adapter Errors 2001 BSC adapter test failure. 2010 8255 Port A failure. 2011 8255 Port B failure. 2012 8255 Port C failure. 2013 8253 Timer #1 did not reach terminal count. 2014 8253 Timer #1 stuck on. 2015 8253 Timer #2 did not reach terminal count. 2016 8253 Timer #2 output stuck on. 2017 8251 data set ready failed to come on. 2018 8251 clear to send not sensed. 2019 8251 data set ready stuck on. 2020 8251 clear to send stuck on. 2021 8251 hardware reset failure. 2022 8251 software reset failure. 2023 8251 software error reset failure. 2024 8251 transmit ready did not come on. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 20xx Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) Adapter Errors 2025 8251 receive ready did not come on. 2026 8251 could not force overrun error status. 2027 Interrupt failure; no timer interrupt. 2028 Interrupt failure; transmit; replace card or planar. 2029 Interrupt failure; transmit; replace card. 2030 Interrupt failure; receive; replace card or planar. 2031 Interrupt failure; receive; replace card. 2033 Ring indicate stuck on. 2034 Receive clock stuck on. 2035 Transmit clock stuck on. 2036 Test indicate stuck on. 2037 Ring indicate stuck on. 2038 Receive clock not on. 2039 Transmit clock not on. 2040 Test indicate not on. 2041 Data set ready not on. 2042 Carrier detect not on. 2043 Clear to send not on. 2044 Data set ready stuck on. 2045 Carrier detect stuck on. 2046 Clear to send stuck on. 2047 Unexpected transmit interrupt. 2048 Unexpected receive interrupt.

2049 Transmit data did not equal receive data. 2050 8251 detected overrun error. 2051 Lost data set ready during data wrap. 2052 Receive time-out during data wrap. 21xx Alternate Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) Adapter Errors 2101 BSC adapter test failure. 2110 8255 Port A failure. 2111 8255 Port B failure. 2112 8255 Port C failure. 2113 8253 Timer #1 did not reach terminal count. 2114 8253 Timer #1 stuck on. 2115 8253 Timer #2 did not reach terminal count. 2116 8253 Timer #2 output stuck on. 2117 8251 Data set ready failed to come on. 2118 8251 Clear to send not sensed. 2119 8251 Data set ready stuck on. 2120 8251 Clear to send stuck on. 2121 8251 Hardware reset failure. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 21xx Alternate Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) Adapter Errors 2122 8251 Software reset failure. 2123 8251 Software error reset failure. 2124 8251 Transmit ready did not come on. 2125 8251 Receive ready did not come on. 2126 8251 Could not force overrun error status. 2127 Interrupt failure; no timer interrupt. 2128 Interrupt failure; transmit; replace card or planar. 2129 Interrupt failure; transmit; replace card. 2130 Interrupt failure; receive; replace card or planar. 2131 Interrupt failure; receive; replace card. 2133 Ring indicate stuck on. 2134 Receive clock stuck on. 2135 Transmit clock stuck on. 2136 Test indicate stuck on. 2137 Ring indicate stuck on. 2138 Receive clock not on. 2139 Transmit clock not on. 2140 Test indicate not on. 2141 Data set ready not on. 2142 Carrier detect not on. 2143 Clear to send not on. 2144 Data set ready stuck on. 2145 Carrier detect stuck on. 2146 Clear to send stuck on. 2147 Unexpected transmit interrupt. 2148 Unexpected receive interrupt. 2149 Transmit data did not equal receive data. 2150 8251 detected overrun error. 2151 Lost data set ready during data wrap. 2152 Receive time-out during data wrap. 22xx Cluster Adapter Errors 23xx Plasma Monitor Adapter Errors Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) or Video Graphics Array (VGA) 24xx Errors 2401 Video adapter test failure. 2402 Video display error. 2408 User indicated display attribute test failed. 2409 Video display error. 2410 Video adapter error; video port error.

2416 User indicated character set test failed. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) or Video Graphics Array (VGA) 24xx Errors 2424 User indicated 8025 mode failure. 2432 User indicated 4025 mode failure. 2440 User indicated 320200 graphics mode failure. 2448 User indicated 640200 graphics mode failure. 2456 User indicated light-pen test failure. 2464 User indicated paging test failure. 25xx Alternate Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) Errors 2501 Video adapter test failure. 2502 Video display error. 2508 User indicated display attribute test failed. 2509 Video display error. 2510 Video adapter error. 2516 User indicated character set test failed. 2524 User indicated 8025 mode failure. 2532 User indicated 4025 mode failure. 2540 User indicated 320200 graphics mode failure. 2548 User indicated 640200 graphics mode failure. 2556 User indicated light-pen test failure. 2564 User indicated paging test failure. XT or AT/370 370-M (Memory) and 370-P (Processor) Adapter 26xx Errors 2601 370-M adapter error. 2655 370-M adapter error. 2657 370-M adapter error. 2668 370-M adapter error. 2672 370-M adapter error. 2673 370-P adapter error. 2674 370-P adapter error. 2677 370-P adapter error. 2680 370-P adapter error. 2681 370-M adapter error. 2682 370-P adapter error. 2694 370-P adapter error. 2697 370-P adapter error. 2698 XT or AT/370 diagnostic diskette error. 27xx XT or AT/370 3277-EM (Emulation) Adapter Errors 2701 3277-EM adapter error. 2702 3277-EM adapter error. 2703 3277-EM adapter error. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 28xx 3278/79 Emulation Adapter or 3270 Connection Adapter Errors 29xx Color/Graphics Printer Errors 30xx Primary PC Network Adapter Errors 3001 Processor test failure. 3002 ROM checksum test failure. 3003 Unit ID PROM test failure. 3004 RAM test failure. 3005 Host interface controller test failure. 3006 12v test failure. 3007 Digital loopback test failure. 3008 Host detected host interface controller failure. 3009 Sync failure and no Go bit.

3010 Host interface controller test okay and no Go bit. 3011 Go bit and no command 41. 3012 Card not present. 3013 Digital failure; fall through. 3015 Analog failure. 3041 Hot carrier; not this card. 3042 Hot carrier; this card! 31xx Secondary PC Network Adapter Errors 3101 Processor test failure. 3102 ROM checksum test failure. 3103 Unit ID PROM test failure. 3104 RAM test failure. 3105 Host interface controller test failure. 3106 [p/m]12v test failure. 3107 Digital loopback test failure. 3108 Host detected host interface controller failure. 3109 Sync failure and no Go bit. 3110 Host interface controller test okay and no Go bit. 3111 Go bit and no command 41. 3112 Card not present. 3113 Digital failure; fall through. 3115 Analog failure. 3141 Hot carrier; not this card. 3142 Hot carrier; this card! 32xx 3270 PC or AT Display and Programmed Symbols Adapter Errors 33xx Compact Printer Errors (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 35xx Enhanced Display Station Emulation Adapter (EDSEA) Errors 3504 Adapter connected to Twinaxial cable during offline test. 3508 Workstation address error. 3509 Diagnostic program failure. 3540 Workstation address invalid. 3588 Adapter address switch error. 3599 Diagnostic program failure. 36xx General-Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) Adapter Errors 3601 Adapter test failure. 3602 Serial poll mode register write error. 3603 Adapter address error. 3610 Adapter listen error. 3611 Adapter talk error. 3612 Adapter control error. 3613 Adapter standby error. 3614 Adapter asynchronous control error. 3615 Adapter asynchronous control error. 3616 Adapter error; cannot pass control. 3617 Adapter error; cannot address to listen. 3618 Adapter error; cannot unaddress to listen. 3619 Adapter error; cannot address to talk. 3620 Adapter error; cannot unaddress to talk. 3621 Adapter error; cannot address to listen with extended addressing. 3622 Adapter error; cannot unaddress to listen with extended addressing. 3623 Adapter error; cannot address to talk with extended addressing. 3624 Adapter error; cannot unaddress to talk with extended addressing. 3625 Write to self error. 3626 Generate handshake error. 3627 Cannot detect Device Clear message error. 3628 Cannot detect Selected Device Clear message error.

3629 Cannot detect end with end of identify. 3630 Cannot detect end of transmission with end of identify. 3631 Cannot detect end with 0-bit end of string. 3632 Cannot detect end with 7-bit end of string. 3633 Cannot detect group execute trigger. 3634 Mode 3 addressing error. 3635 Cannot recognize undefined command. 3636 Cannot detect remote, remote changed, lockout, or lockout changed. 3637 Cannot clear remote or lockout. 3638 Cannot detect service request. 3639 Cannot conduct serial poll. 3640 Cannot conduct parallel poll. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 36xx General-Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) Adapter Errors 3650 Adapter error; direct memory access (DMA) to 7210. 3651 Data error; error on direct memory access (DMA) to 7210. 3652 Adapter error; direct memory access (DMA) from 7210. 3653 Data error on direct memory access (DMA) from 7210. 3658 Uninvoked interrupt received. 3659 Cannot interrupt on address status changed. 3660 Cannot interrupt on address status changed. 3661 Cannot interrupt on command output. 3662 Cannot interrupt on data out. 3663 Cannot interrupt on data in. 3664 Cannot interrupt on error. 3665 Cannot interrupt on device clear. 3666 Cannot interrupt on end. 3667 Cannot interrupt on device execute trigger. 3668 Cannot interrupt on address pass through. 3669 Cannot interrupt on command pass through. 3670 Cannot interrupt on remote changed. 3671 Cannot interrupt on lockout changed. 3672 Cannot interrupt on service request In. 3673 Cannot interrupt on terminal count on direct memory access to 7210. 3674 Cannot interrupt on terminal count on direct memory access from 7210. 3675 Spurious direct memory access terminal-count interrupt. 3697 Illegal direct memory access configuration setting detected. 3698 Illegal interrupt level setting detected. 37xx System Board SCSI Controller Error 38xx Data Acquisition Adapter Errors 3801 Adapter test failure. 3810 Timer read test failure. 3811 Timer interrupt test failure. 3812 Delay; binary input 13 test failure. 3813 Rate; binary input 13 test failure. 3814 Binary output 14; interrupt statusinterrupt request test failure. 3815 Binary output 0; count-in test failure. 3816 Binary input strobe; count-out test failure. 3817 Binary output 0; binary output clear to send test failure. 3818 Binary output 1; binary input 0 test failure. 3819 Binary output 2; binary input 1 test failure. 3820 Binary output 3; binary input 2 test failure. 3821 Binary output 4; binary input 3 test failure. 3822 Binary output 5; binary input 4 test failure. 3823 Binary output 6; binary input 5 test failure. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description

38xx Data Acquisition Adapter Errors 3824 Binary output 7; binary input 6 test failure. 3825 Binary output 8; binary input 7 test failure. 3826 Binary output 9; binary input 8 test failure. 3827 Binary output 10; binary input 9 test failure. 3828 Binary output 11; binary input 10 test failure. 3829 Binary output 12; binary input 11 test failure. 3830 Binary output 13; binary input 12 test failure. 3831 Binary output 15; analog input CE test failure. 3832 Binary output strobe; binary output GATE test failure. 3833 Binary input clear to send; binary input HOLD test failure. 3834 Analog input command output; binary input 15 test failure. 3835 Counter interrupt test failure. 3836 Counter read test failure. 3837 Analog output 0 ranges test failure. 3838 Analog output 1 ranges test failure. 3839 Analog input 0 values test failure. 3840 Analog input 1 values test failure. 3841 Analog input 2 values test failure. 3842 Analog input 3 values test failure. 3843 Analog input interrupt test failure. 3844 Analog input 23 address or value test failure. 39xx Professional Graphics Adapter (PGA) Errors 3901 PGA test failure. 3902 ROM1 self-test failure. 3903 ROM2 self-test failure. 3904 RAM self-test failure. 3905 Cold start cycle power error. 3906 Data error in communications RAM. 3907 Address error in communications RAM. 3908 Bad data reading/writing 6845-like register. 3909 Bad data in lower E0h bytes reading/writing 6845-like registers. 3910 Graphics controller display bank output latches error. 3911 Basic clock error. 3912 Command control error. 3913 Vertical sync scanner error. 3914 Horizontal sync scanner error. 3915 Intech error. 3916 Look-up table address error. 3917 Look-up table red RAM chip error. 3918 Look-up table green RAM chip error. 3919 Look-up table blue RAM chip error. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 39xx Professional Graphics Adapter (PGA) Errors 3920 Look-up table data latch error. 3921 Horizontal display error. 3922 Vertical display error. 3923 Light-pen error. 3924 Unexpected error. 3925 Emulator addressing error. 3926 Emulator data latch error. 3927 Base for error codes 39283930 (Emulator RAM). 3928 Emulator RAM error. 3929 Emulator RAM error. 3930 Emulator RAM error. 3931 Emulator horizontal/vertical display problem. 3932 Emulator cursor position error. 3933 Emulator attribute display problem. 3934 Emulator cursor display error.

3935 Fundamental emulation RAM problem. 3936 Emulation character set problem. 3937 Emulation graphics display error. 3938 Emulation character display problem. 3939 Emulation bank select error. 3940 Adapter RAM U2 error. 3941 Adapter RAM U4 error. 3942 Adapter RAM U6 error. 3943 Adapter RAM U8 error. 3944 Adapter RAM U10 error. 3945 Adapter RAM U1 error. 3946 Adapter RAM U3 error. 3947 Adapter RAM U5 error. 3948 Adapter RAM U7 error. 3949 Adapter RAM U9 error. 3950 Adapter RAM U12 error. 3951 Adapter RAM U14 error. 3952 Adapter RAM U16 error. 3953 Adapter RAM U18 error. 3954 Adapter RAM U20 error. 3955 Adapter RAM U11 error. 3956 Adapter RAM U13 error. 3957 Adapter RAM U15 error. 3958 Adapter RAM U17 error. 3959 Adapter RAM U19 error. 3960 Adapter RAM U22 error. 3961 Adapter RAM U24 error. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 39xx Professional Graphics Adapter (PGA) Errors 3962 Adapter RAM U26 error. 3963 Adapter RAM U28 error. 3964 Adapter RAM U30 error. 3965 Adapter RAM U21 error. 3966 Adapter RAM U23 error. 3967 Adapter RAM U25 error. 3968 Adapter RAM U27 error. 3969 Adapter RAM U29 error. 3970 Adapter RAM U32 error. 3971 Adapter RAM U34 error. 3972 Adapter RAM U36 error. 3973 Adapter RAM U38 error. 3974 Adapter RAM U40 error. 3975 Adapter RAM U31 error. 3976 Adapter RAM U33 error. 3977 Adapter RAM U35 error. 3978 Adapter RAM U37 error. 3979 Adapter RAM U39 error. 3980 Graphics controller RAM timing error. 3981 Graphics controller read/write latch error. 3982 Shift register bus output latches error. 3983 Addressing error (vertical column of memory; U2 at top). 3984 Addressing error (vertical column of memory; U4 at top). 3985 Addressing error (vertical column of memory; U6 at top). 3986 Addressing error (vertical column of memory; U8 at top). 3987 Addressing error (vertical column of memory; U10 at top). 3988 Base for error codes 39893991 (horizontal bank latch errors). 3989 Horizontal bank latch errors.

3990 Horizontal bank latch errors. 3991 Horizontal bank latch errors. 3992 RAG/CAG graphics controller error. 3993 Multiple write modes, nibble mask errors. 3994 Row nibble (display RAM) error. 3995 Graphics controller addressing error. 44xx 5278 Display Attachment Unit and 5279 Display Errors 45xx IEEE Interface Adapter (IEEE-488) Errors A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor (ARTIC) Multiport/2 Adapter 46xx Errors 4611 ARTIC adapter error. 4612 Memory module error. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor (ARTIC) Multiport/2 Adapter 46xx Errors 4613 Memory module error. 4630 ARTIC adapter error. 4640 Memory module error. 4641 Memory module error. 4650 ARTIC interface cable error. 48xx Internal Modem Errors 49xx Alternate Internal Modem Errors 50xx PC Convertible LCD Errors 5001 LCD display buffer failure. 5002 LCD font buffer failure. 5003 LCD controller failure. 5004 User indicated PEL/drive test failed. 5008 User indicated display attribute test failed. 5016 User indicated character set test failed. 5020 User indicated alternate character set test failure. 5024 User indicated 8025 mode test failure. 5032 User indicated 4025 mode test failure. 5040 User indicated 320200 graphics test failure. 5048 User indicated 640200 graphics test failure. 5064 User indicated paging test failure. 51xx PC Convertible Portable Printer Errors 5101 Portable printer interface failure. 5102 Portable printer busy error. 5103 Portable printer paper or ribbon error. 5104 Portable printer time-out. 5105 User indicated print-pattern test error. 56xx Financial Communication System Errors 70xx Phoenix BIOS/Chipset Unique Error Codes 7000 Chipset CMOS failure. 7001 Chipset shadow RAM failure. 7002 Chipset CMOS configuration error. 71xx Voice Communications Adapter (VCA) Errors 7101 Adapter test failure. 7102 Instruction or external data memory error. 7103 PC to VCA interrupt error. 7104 Internal data memory error. 7105 Direct memory access (DMA) error. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 71xx Voice Communications Adapter (VCA) Errors 7106 Internal registers error. 7107 Interactive shared memory error.

7108 VCA to PC interrupt error. 7109 DC wrap error. 7111 External analog wrap and tone-output error. 7112 Microphone to speaker wrap error. 7114 Telephone attachment test failure. 73xx 3 1/2-Inch External Diskette Drive Errors 7301 Diskette drive/adapter test failure. 7306 Disk changeline failure. 7307 Diskette is write-protected. 7308 Drive command error. 7310 Diskette initialization failure; track 0 bad. 7311 Drive time-out error. 7312 Controller chip (NEC) error. 7313 Direct memory access (DMA) error. 7314 DMA boundary overrun. 7315 Drive index timing error. 7316 Drive speed error. 7321 Drive seek error. 7322 Drive cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error. 7323 Sector not found error. 7324 Address mark error. 7325 Controller chip (NEC) seek error. 74xx IBM PS/2 Display Adapter (VGA Card) Errors 74xx 8514/A Display Adapter Errors 7426 8514 display error. 7440 8514/A memory module 31 error. 7441 8514/A memory module 30 error. 7442 8514/A memory module 29 error. 7443 8514/A memory module 28 error. 7444 8514/A memory module 22 error. 7445 8514/A memory module 21 error. 7446 8514/A memory module 18 error. 7447 8514/A memory module 17 error. 7448 8514/A memory module 32 error. 7449 8514/A memory module 14 error. 7450 8514/A memory module 13 error. 7451 8514/A memory module 12 error. 7452 8514/A memory module 06 error. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 74xx 8514/A Display Adapter Errors 7453 8514/A memory module 05 error. 7454 8514/A memory module 02 error. 7455 8514/A memory module 01 error. 7460 8514/A memory module 16 error. 7461 8514/A memory module 27 error. 7462 8514/A memory module 26 error. 7463 8514/A memory module 25 error. 7464 8514/A memory module 24 error. 7465 8514/A memory module 23 error. 7466 8514/A memory module 20 error. 7467 8514/A memory module 19 error. 7468 8514/A memory module 15 error. 7469 8514/A memory module 11 error. 7470 8514/A memory module 10 error. 7471 8514/A memory module 09 error. 7472 8514/A memory module 08 error. 7473 8514/A memory module 07 error. 7474 8514/A memory module 04 error. 7475 8514/A memory module 03 error.

76xx 4216 PagePrinter Adapter Errors 7601 Adapter test failure. 7602 Adapter error. 7603 Printer error. 7604 Printer cable error. 84xx PS/2 Speech Adapter Errors 85xx 2MB XMA Memory Adapter or XMA Adapter/A Errors 850x Adapter error. 851x Adapter error. 852x Memory module error. 8599 Unusable memory segment found. 86xx PS/2 Pointing Device (Mouse) Errors 8601 Pointing device error; mouse time-out. 8602 Pointing device error; mouse interface. 8603 Pointing device or system-bus failure; mouse interrupt. 8604 Pointing device or system board error. 8611 System bus errorI/F between 8042 and TrackPoint II. 8612 TrackPoint II error. 8613 System bus error or TrackPoint II error. 89xx Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) Adapter Errors (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description IBM 3363 Write-Once Read Multiple (WORM) Optical Drive/Adapter 91xx Errors 96xx SCSI Adapter with Cache (32-Bit) Errors 100xx Multiprotocol Adapter/A Errors 10001 Presence test failure. 10002 Card selected feedback error. 10003 Port 102h register rest failure. 10004 Port 103h register rest failure. 10006 Serial option cannot be put to sleep. 10007 Cable error. 10008 Interrupt request (IRQ) 3 error. 10009 Interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 10010 16550 chip register failure. 10011 Internal wrap test of 16550 chip modem control line failure. 10012 External wrap test of 16550 chip modem control line failure. 10013 16550 chip transmit error. 10014 16550 chip receive error. 10015 16550 chip receive error; data not equal to transmit data. 10016 16550 chip interrupt function error. 10017 16550 chip baud rate test failure. 10018 16550 chip receive external data wrap test failure. 10019 16550 chip first-in/first-out (FIFO) buffer failure. 10026 8255 Port A error. 10027 8255 Port B error. 10028 8255 Port C error. 10029 8254 timer 0 error. 10030 8254 timer 1 error. 10031 8254 timer 2 error. 10032 Binary sync data set ready response to data terminal ready error. 10033 Binary sync clear to send response to ready to send error. 10034 8251 hardware reset test failed. 10035 8251 function error. 10036 8251 status error. 10037 Binary sync timer interrupt error. 10038 Binary sync transmit interrupt error. 10039 Binary sync receive interrupt error.

10040 Stray interrupt request (IRQ) 3 error. 10041 Stray interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 10042 Binary sync external wrap error. 10044 Binary sync data wrap error. 10045 Binary sync line status/condition error. 10046 Binary sync time-out error during data wrap test. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 100xx Multiprotocol Adapter/A Errors 10050 8273 command acceptance or results ready time-out error. 10051 8273 Port A error. 10052 8273 Port B error. 10053 SDLC modem status change logic error. 10054 SDLC timer interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 10055 SDLC modem status change interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 10056 SDLC external wrap error. 10057 SDLC interrupt results error. 10058 SDLC data wrap error. 10059 SDLC transmit interrupt error. 10060 SDLC receive interrupt error. 10061 Direct memory access (DMA) channel 1 transmit error. 10062 Direct memory access (DMA) channel 1 receive error. 10063 8273 status detect failure. 10064 8273 error detect failure. 101xx 300/1200bps Internal Modem/A Errors 10101 Presence test failure. 10102 Card selected feedback error. 10103 Port 102h register test failure. 10106 Serial option cannot be put to sleep. 10108 Interrupt request (IRQ) 3 error. 10109 Interrupt request (IRQ) 4 error. 10110 16450 chip register failure. 10111 Internal wrap test of 16450 modem control line failure. 10113 16450 transmit error. 10114 16450 receive error. 10115 16450 receive error data not equal transmit data. 10116 16450 interrupt function error. 10117 16450 baud rate test failure. 10118 16450 receive external data wrap test failure. 10125 Modem reset result code error. 10126 Modem general result code error. 10127 Modem S registers write/read error. 10128 Modem turn echo on/off error. 10129 Modem enable/disable result codes error. 10130 Modem enable number/word result codes error. 10133 Connect results for 300 baud not received. 10134 Connect results for 1200 baud not received. 10135 Modem fails local analog loopback test at 300 baud. 10136 Modem fails local analog loopback test at 1200 baud. 10137 Modem does not respond to escape/reset sequence. 10138 S-Register 13 does not show correct parity or number of data bits. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 104xx ESDI or MCA IDE Fixed Disk or Adapter Errors 10139 S-Register 15 does not reflect correct bit rate. 10450 Read/write test failed. 10451 Read verify test failed. 10452 Seek test failed.

10453 Wrong drive type indicated. 10454 Controller sector buffer test failure. 10455 Controller invalid failure. 10456 Controller diagnostic command failure. 10461 Drive format error. 10462 Controller head select error. 10463 Drive read/write sector error. 10464 Drive primary defect map unreadable. 10465 Controller; error-correction code (ECC) 8-bit error. 10466 Controller; error-correction code (ECC) 9-bit error. 10467 Drive soft seek error. 10468 Drive hard seek error. 10469 Drive soft error count exceeded. 10470 Controller attachment diagnostic error. 10471 Controller wrap mode interface error. 10472 Controller wrap mode drive select error. 10473 Read verify test errors. 10480 Seek failure; drive 0. 10481 Seek failure; drive 1. 10482 Controller transfer acknowledge error. 10483 Controller reset failure. 10484 Controller; head select 3 error. 10485 Controller; head select 2 error. 10486 Controller; head select 1 error. 10487 Controller; head select 0 error. 10488 Controller; read gatecommand complete 2 error. 10489 Controller; write gatecommand complete 1 error. 10490 Diagnostic area read error; drive 0. 10491 Diagnostic area read error; drive 1. 10492 Controller error, drive 1. 10493 Reset error, drive 1. 10499 Controller failure. 107xx 5 1/4-Inch External Diskette Drive or Adapter Errors 112xx SCSI Adapter (16-bit without Cache) Errors 113xx System Board SCSI Adapter (16-Bit) Errors IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Code Description 129xx Processor Complex (CPU Board) Errors 129005 DMA error. 12901 Processor board; processor test failed. 12902 Processor board; cache test failed. 12904 Second level cache failure. 12905 Cache enable/disable errors. 12907 Cache fatal error. 12908 Cache POST program error. 12912x Hardware failure. 12913x Micro channel bus time-out. 12914x Software failure. 12915x Processor complex error. 12916x Processor complex error. 12917x Processor complex error. 12918x Processor complex error. 12919x Processor complex error. 12940x Processor complex failure. 12950x Processor complex failure. 129900 Processor complex serial-number mismatch. 149xx P70/P75 Plasma Display and Adapter Errors 14901 Plasma display adapter failure. 14902 Plasma display adapter failure. 14922 Plasma display failure.

14932 External display failure. 152xx XGA Display Adapter/A Errors 164xx 120MB Internal Tape Drive Errors 165xx 6157 Streaming Tape Drive or Tape Attachment Adapter Errors 16520 Streaming tape drive failure. 16540 Tape attachment adapter failure. 166xx Primary Token-Ring Network Adapter Errors 167xx Alternate Token-Ring Network Adapter Errors 180xx PS/2 Wizard Adapter Errors 18001 Interrupt controller failure. 18002 Incorrect timer count. 18003 Timer interrupt failure. 18004 Sync check interrupt failure. 18005 Parity check interrupt failure. 18006 Access error interrupt failure. 18012 Bad checksum error. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description 180xx PS/2 Wizard Adapter Errors 18013 Micro Channel interface error. 18021 Wizard memory compare or parity error. 18022 Wizard memory address line error. 18023 Dynamic RAM controller failure. 18029 Wizard memory byte enable error. 18031 Wizard memory-expansion module memory compare or parity error. 18032 Wizard memory-expansion module address line error. 18039 Wizard memory-expansion module byte enable error. 185xx DBCS Japanese Display Adapter/A Errors 194xx 80286 Memory-Expansion Option Memory-Module Errors 200xx Image Adapter/A Errors 208xx Unknown SCSI Device Errors 209xx SCSI Removable Disk Errors 210xx SCSI Fixed Disk Errors 210PLSC PLSC codes indicate errors P = SCSI ID number (Physical Unit Number or PUN) L = Logical unit number (LUN, usually 0) S = Host Adapter slot number C = SCSI Drive capacity: A = 60MB B = 80MB C = 120MB D = 160MB E = 320MB F = 400MB H = 1,024MB (1GB) I = 104MB J = 212MB U = Undetermined or Non IBM OEM Drive 211xx SCSI Tape Drive Errors 212xx SCSI Printer Errors 213xx SCSI Processor Errors 214xx SCSI Write-Once Read Multiple (WORM) Drive Errors 215xx SCSI CD-ROM Drive Errors 216xx SCSI Scanner Errors 217xx SCSI Magneto Optical Drive Errors IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes

Code Description 218xx SCSI Jukebox Changer Errors 219xx SCSI Communications Errors 243xxxx XGA-2 Adapter/A Errors I998xxxx Dynamic Configuration Select (DCS) Information Codes I998001x Bad integrity of DCS master boot record. I988002x Read failure of DCS master boot record. I988003x DCS master boot record is not compatible with the planar ID. I988004x DCS master boot record is not compatible with the model/submodel byte. I988005x Bad integrity of CMOS/NVRAM (or internal process error). I988006x Read failure of header/mask/configuration record. I988007x Bad integrity of header/mask/configuration record. I988008x Hard disk does not support the command to set the maximum RBA. I988009x DCS master boot record is older than system ROM. I9880402 Copyright notice in E000 segment does not match the one in DCS MBR. I9880403 DCS MBR is not compatible with the system board ID or model/submodel by te. I99900xx Initial Microcode Load (IML) Error I999001x Invalid disk IML record. I999002x Disk IML record load error. I999003x Disk IML record incompatible with system board. I999004x Disk IML record incompatible with processor/processor card. I999005x Disk IML not attempted. I999006x Disk stage II System Image load error. I999007x Disk stage II image checksum error. I999008x IML not supported on primary disk drive. I999009x Disk IML record is older than ROM. I99900x1 Invalid diskette IML record. I99900x2 Diskette IML record load error. I99900x3 Diskette IML record incompatible with system board. I99900x4 Diskette IML record incompatible with processor card. I99900x5 Diskette IML recovery prevented (valid password and CE override not set ). I99900x6 Diskette stage II image load error. I99900x7 Diskette stage II image checksum error. I99900x9 Diskette IML record older than ROM. I99903xx No Bootable Device, Initial Program Load (IPL) Errors I9990302 Invalid disk boot record, unable to read IPL boot record from disk. I9990303 IML system partition boot failure. I9990304 No bootable device with ASCII console. I9990305 No bootable media found. I9990306 Invalid SCSI Device boot record. (continues) Technical Reference Table 19 Continued Code Description I99904xx IML-to-System Mismatch I9990401 Unauthorized access (manufacturing boot request with valid password). I9990402 Missing ROM IBM copyright notice. I9990403 IML boot record incompatible with system board/processor card. I99906xx IML (boot) Errors Disk Software Interfaces and Error Codes The operating system has to talk to the disk drives through the BIOS. Normally t he OS calls on the BIOS via a standard software interface called INT13h. INT13h represents a se ries of functions that the BIOS can perform, regardless of the type of drive. This allows the same operating systems software to work on different types of drives such as IDE or SCSI, even though a t a hardware and

direct software command level their interfaces are different. The device drivers for the respective drives or controllers translates the INT13h commands into the low-level commands that actually operate the drive. Figure 3 shows a representation of the relationship between d ifferent disk software interfaces at work in a typical PC system. This figure shows the chain of comman d from the hardware, which is the actual drive controller, to the BIOS, OS, and, finally, t he application programs. Disk Controller/Host Adapter I/O Ports CCB/SCB (Command/Subsystem Control Block) Commands Primary ATA-IDE 1F0-1F7 XT IDE 320-323 Floppy 3F0-3F7 Floppy Drives Hard Disk Drives Secondary ATA-IDE 170-177 ROM BIOS/Device Drivers INT 13h OS INT 21h OS INT 25/26h Application Program Disk Interfaces Figure 3 Disk software interface levels and relationships. INT13h provides several standard functions which the operating system (or in som e cases applications that require more direct disk access) can use. Table 20 shows the different func tions available at the Interrupt 13h BIOS interface. Some functions are available to floppy driv es or hard drives only, and others are available to both types of drives. IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes Table 20 Int13h BIOS Disk Functions Function Floppy Disk Hard Disk Description 00h Reset disk system 01h Get status of last operation 02h Read sectors 03h Write sectors 04h Verify sectors 05h Format track 06h Format bad track 07h Format drive 08h Read drive parameters 09h Initialize drive characteristics 0Ah Read long 0Bh Write long 0Ch Seek 0Dh Alternate hard disk reset 0Eh Read sector buffer 0Fh Write sector buffer 10h Test for drive ready 11h Recalibrate drive

12h Controller RAM diagnostic 13h Controller drive diagnostic 14h Controller internal diagnostic 15h Get disk type 16h Get floppy disk change status 17h Set floppy disk type for format 18h Set media type for format 19h Park hard disk heads 1Ah ESDILow-level format 1Bh ESDIGet manufacturing header 1Ch ESDIGet configuration Often, diagnostics programs use the INT13h interface to talk more directly to th e drive, bypassing the operating system and working directly with the BIOS. An example of this type of program would be hard disk low-level format programs or the DiskEdit program that comes with the Norton Utilities, and which allows direct editing of disk sectors, file allocati on tables, directories, etc. This type of access is accomplished by sending INT13h commmands directly in stead of working with the higher level INT21h operating system commands. INT21h commands are file oriented, while INT13h commands are cylinder, head, and sector oriented. Anytime a program uses INT13h commands, an error status is returned after each c ommand. If an error occurs, the status will be reported as a number other than 00h, and mos t programs will then attempt to display this error to the user. Table 21 shows the error codes t hat might be returned by the BIOS INT13h routines. In some cases you may see these codes refe rred to when running a low-level format program, disk editor, or other program that can direc tly access a disk drive through the BIOS. Technical Reference Table 21 INT13h BIOS Error Codes Code Description 00h No error 01h Bad command 02h Address mark not found 03h Write protect 04h Request sector not found 05h Reset failed 06h Media change error 07h Initialization failed 09h Cross 64KB DMA boundary 0Ah Bad sector flag detected 0Bh Bad track flag detected 10h Bad ECC on disk read 11h ECC corrected data error 20h Controller has failed 40h Seek operation failed 80h Drive failed to respond AAh Drive not ready BBh Undefined error CCh Write fault 0Eh Register error FFh Sense operation failed Most of these errors indicate a problem with the disk media, the drive hardware,

cable, or controller. ROM BIOS Hard Drive Parameters The following explains the column headings used in Tables 22 to 26. Type = Drive type number Cylinders = Total number of cylinders Heads = Total number of heads WPC = Write precompensation starting cylinder 65535 = No write precompensation 0 = Write precompensation on all cylinders Ctrl = Control byte, with values according to the following table. Bit Number Hex Meaning Bit 0 01h Not used (XT = drive step rate) Bit 1 02h Not used (XT = drive step rate) Bit 2 04h Not used (XT = drive step rate) Bit 3 08h More than eight heads ROM BIOS Hard Drive Parameters Bit Number Hex Meaning Bit 4 10h Not used (XT = embedded servo drive) Bit 5 20h OEM defect map at (cylinders +1) Bit 6 40h Disable ECC retries Bit 7 80h Disable disk access retries LZ = Landing-zone cylinder for head parking S/T = Number of sectors per track Meg = Drive capacity in megabytes M = Drive capacity in millions of bytes Table 22 IBM AT and PS/2 BIOS Hard Disk Table Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 1 306 4 128 00h 305 17 10.16 10.65 2 615 4 300 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 3 615 6 300 00h 615 17 30.63 32.12 4 940 8 512 00h 940 17 62.42 65.45 5 940 6 512 00h 940 17 46.82 49.09 6 615 4 65535 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 7 462 8 256 00h 511 17 30.68 32.17 8 733 5 65535 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 9 900 15 65535 08h 901 17 112.06 117.50 10 820 3 65535 00h 820 17 20.42 21.41 11 855 5 65535 00h 855 17 35.49 37.21 12 855 7 65535 00h 855 17 49.68 52.09 13 306 8 128 00h 319 17 20.32 21.31 14 733 7 65535 00h 733 17 42.59 44.66 15 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0 0 16 612 4 0 00h 663 17 20.32 21.31 17 977 5 300 00h 977 17 40.55 42.52 18 977 7 65535 00h 977 17 56.77 59.53 19 1024 7 512 00h 1023 17 59.50 62.39 20 733 5 300 00h 732 17 30.42 31.90 21 733 7 300 00h 732 17 42.59 44.66 22 733 5 300 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 23 306 4 0 00h 336 17 10.16 10.65 24 612 4 305 00h 663 17 20.32 21.31 25 306 4 65535 00h 340 17 10.16 10.65 26 612 4 65535 00h 670 17 20.32 21.31 27 698 7 300 20h 732 17 40.56 42.53 28 976 5 488 20h 977 17 40.51 42.48 29 306 4 0 00h 340 17 10.16 10.65 30 611 4 306 20h 663 17 20.29 21.27 (continues) Technical Reference Table 22 Continued

Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 31 732 7 300 20h 732 17 42.53 44.60 32 1023 5 65535 20h 1023 17 42.46 44.52 33 614 4 65535 20h 663 25 29.98 31.44 34 775 2 65535 20h 900 27 20.43 21.43 35 921 2 65535 20h 1000 33 29.68 31.12 36 402 4 65535 20h 460 26 20.41 21.41 37 580 6 65535 20h 640 26 44.18 46.33 38 845 2 65535 20h 1023 36 29.71 31.15 39 769 3 65535 20h 1023 36 40.55 42.52 40 531 4 65535 20h 532 39 40.45 42.41 41 577 2 65535 20h 1023 36 20.29 21.27 42 654 2 65535 20h 674 32 20.44 21.43 43 923 5 65535 20h 1023 36 81.12 85.06 44 531 8 65535 20h 532 39 80.89 84.82 45 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 46 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 47 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 The landing zone (LZ) and sectors per track (S/T) fields are not used in the 10M B (original) controller and contain 00h values for each entry. Table entry 15 is reserved to act as a pointer that indicates the type is greate r than 15. Older IBM systems do not have every entry in this table. The maximum usable type number va ries for each particular ROM version. Most IBM PS/2 systems were supplied with hard disk drives that have the defect m ap written as data on the cylinder one cylinder beyond the highest reported cylinder. This spe cial data is read by the IBM PS/2 Advanced Diagnostics low-level format program. This process auto mates the entry of the defect list and eliminates the chance of human error, as long as yo u use only the IBM PS/2 Advanced Diagnostics for hard disk low-level formatting. This type of table does not apply to IBM ESDI or SCSI hard disk controllers, hos t adapters, and drives. Because the ESDI and SCSI controllers or host adapters query the drive d irectly for the required parameters, no table-entry selection is necessary. Note, however, that the table for the ST-506/412 drives can still be found currently in the ROM BIOS of most of the PS /2 systems, even if the model came standard with an ESDI or SCSI disk subsystem. Table 23 Compaq Deskpro 386 Hard Disk Table Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 1 306 4 128 00h 305 17 10.16 10.65 2 615 4 128 00h 638 17 20.42 21.41 3 615 6 128 00h 615 17 30.63 32.12 4 1024 8 512 00h 1023 17 68.00 71.30 ROM BIOS Hard Drive Parameters Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 5 940 6 512 00h 939 17 46.82 49.09 6 697 5 128 00h 696 17 28.93 30.33 7 462 8 256 00h 511 17 30.68 32.17 8 925 5 128 00h 924 17 38.39 40.26 9 900 15 65535 08h 899 17 112.06 117.50 10 980 5 65535 00h 980 17 40.67 42.65 11 925 7 128 00h 924 17 53.75 56.36 12 925 9 128 08h 924 17 69.10 72.46

13 612 8 256 00h 611 17 40.64 42.61 14 980 4 128 00h 980 17 32.54 34.12 15 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0 0 16 612 4 0 00h 612 17 20.32 21.31 17 980 5 128 00h 980 17 40.67 42.65 18 966 6 128 00h 966 17 48.11 50.45 19 1023 8 65535 00h 1023 17 67.93 71.23 20 733 5 256 00h 732 17 30.42 31.90 21 733 7 256 00h 732 17 42.59 44.66 22 805 6 65535 00h 805 17 40.09 42.04 23 924 8 65535 00h 924 17 61.36 64.34 24 966 14 65535 08h 966 17 112.26 117.71 25 966 16 65535 08h 966 17 128.30 134.53 26 1023 14 65535 08h 1023 17 118.88 124.66 27 966 10 65535 08h 966 17 80.19 84.08 28 748 16 65535 08h 748 17 99.34 104.17 29 805 6 65535 00h 805 26 61.32 64.30 30 615 4 128 00h 615 25 30.03 31.49 31 615 8 128 00h 615 25 60.06 62.98 32 905 9 128 08h 905 25 99.43 104.26 33 748 8 65535 00h 748 34 99.34 104.17 34 966 7 65535 00h 966 34 112.26 117.71 35 966 8 65535 00h 966 34 128.30 134.53 36 966 9 65535 08h 966 34 144.33 151.35 37 966 5 65535 00h 966 34 80.19 84.08 38 611 16 65535 08h 611 63 300.73 315.33 39 1023 11 65535 08h 1023 33 181.32 190.13 40 1023 15 65535 08h 1023 34 254.75 267.13 41 1023 15 65535 08h 1023 33 247.26 259.27 42 1023 16 65535 08h 1023 63 503.51 527.97 43 805 4 65535 00h 805 26 40.88 42.86 44 805 2 65535 00h 805 26 20.44 21.43 45 748 8 65535 00h 748 33 96.42 101.11 46 748 6 65535 00h 748 33 72.32 75.83 47 966 5 128 00h 966 25 58.96 61.82 Technical Reference Table 24 AMI ROM BIOS (286 BIOS Version 04/30/89) Hard Disk Table Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 1 306 4 128 00h 305 17 10.16 10.65 2 615 4 300 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 3 615 6 300 00h 615 17 30.63 32.12 4 940 8 512 00h 940 17 62.42 65.45 5 940 6 512 00h 940 17 46.82 49.09 6 615 4 65535 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 7 462 8 256 00h 511 17 30.68 32.17 8 733 5 65535 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 9 900 15 65535 08h 901 17 112.06 117.50 10 820 3 65535 00h 820 17 20.42 21.41 11 855 5 65535 00h 855 17 35.49 37.21 12 855 7 65535 00h 855 17 49.68 52.09 13 306 8 128 00h 319 17 20.32 21.31 14 733 7 65535 00h 733 17 42.59 44.66 15 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0 0 16 612 4 0 00h 663 17 20.32 21.31 17 977 5 300 00h 977 17 40.55 42.52 18 977 7 65535 00h 977 17 56.77 59.53 19 1024 7 512 00h 1023 17 59.50 62.39 20 733 5 300 00h 732 17 30.42 31.90 21 733 7 300 00h 732 17 42.59 44.66 22 733 5 300 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90

23 306 4 0 00h 336 17 10.16 10.65 24 925 7 0 00h 925 17 53.75 56.36 25 925 9 65535 08h 925 17 69.10 72.46 26 754 7 526 00h 754 17 43.81 45.94 27 754 11 65535 08h 754 17 68.85 72.19 28 699 7 256 00h 699 17 40.62 42.59 29 823 10 65535 08h 823 17 68.32 71.63 30 918 7 874 00h 918 17 53.34 55.93 31 1024 11 65535 08h 1024 17 93.50 98.04 32 1024 15 65535 08h 1024 17 127.50 133.69 33 1024 5 1024 00h 1024 17 42.50 44.56 34 612 2 128 00h 612 17 10.16 10.65 35 1024 9 65535 08h 1024 17 76.50 80.22 36 1024 8 512 00h 1024 17 68.00 71.30 37 615 8 128 00h 615 17 40.84 42.82 38 987 3 805 00h 987 17 24.58 25.77 39 987 7 805 00h 987 17 57.35 60.14 40 820 6 820 00h 820 17 40.84 42.82 41 977 5 815 00h 977 17 40.55 42.52 42 981 5 811 00h 981 17 40.72 42.69 43 830 7 512 00h 830 17 48.23 50.57 ROM BIOS Hard Drive Parameters Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 44 830 10 65535 08h 830 17 68.90 72.24 45 917 15 65535 08h 918 17 114.18 119.72 46 1224 15 65535 08h 1223 17 152.40 159.81 47 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 Table 25 shows the Award ROM BIOS (286 BIOS version 04/30/89) (Modular 286, 386S X, and 386 BIOS version 3.05) hard disk parameters. Table 25 Award ROM BIOS Version 3.05 Hard Disk Table Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 1 306 4 128 00h 305 17 10.16 10.65 2 615 4 300 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 3 615 6 300 00h 615 17 30.63 32.12 4 940 8 512 00h 940 17 62.42 65.45 5 940 6 512 00h 940 17 46.82 49.09 6 615 4 65535 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 7 462 8 256 00h 511 17 30.68 32.17 8 733 5 65535 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 9 900 15 65535 08h 901 17 112.06 117.50 10 820 3 65535 00h 820 17 20.42 21.41 11 855 5 65535 00h 855 17 35.49 37.21 12 855 7 65535 00h 855 17 49.68 52.09 13 306 8 128 00h 319 17 20.32 21.31 14 733 7 65535 00h 733 17 42.59 44.66 15 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0 0 16 612 4 0 00h 663 17 20.32 21.31 17 977 5 300 00h 977 17 40.55 42.52 18 977 7 65535 00h 977 17 56.77 59.53 19 1024 7 512 00h 1023 17 59.50 62.39 20 733 5 300 00h 732 17 30.42 31.90 21 733 7 300 00h 732 17 42.59 44.66 22 733 5 300 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 23 306 4 0 00h 336 17 10.16 10.65 24 977 5 65535 00h 976 17 40.55 42.52 25 1024 9 65535 08h 1023 17 76.50 80.22 26 1224 7 65535 00h 1223 17 71.12 74.58 27 1224 11 65535 08h 1223 17 111.76 117.19 28 1224 15 65535 08h 1223 17 152.40 159.81

29 1024 8 65535 00h 1023 17 68.00 71.30 30 1024 11 65535 08h 1023 17 93.50 98.04 31 918 11 65535 08h 1023 17 83.82 87.89 32 925 9 65535 08h 926 17 69.10 72.46 (continues) Technical Reference Table 25 Continued Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 33 1024 10 65535 08h 1023 17 85.00 89.13 34 1024 12 65535 08h 1023 17 102.00 106.95 35 1024 13 65535 08h 1023 17 110.50 115.87 36 1024 14 65535 08h 1023 17 119.00 124.78 37 1024 2 65535 00h 1023 17 17.00 17.83 38 1024 16 65535 08h 1023 17 136.00 142.61 39 918 15 65535 08h 1023 17 114.30 119.85 40 820 6 65535 00h 820 17 40.84 42.82 41 1024 5 65535 00h 1023 17 42.50 44.56 42 1024 5 65535 00h 1023 26 65.00 68.16 43 809 6 65535 00h 808 17 40.29 42.25 44 820 6 65535 00h 819 26 62.46 65.50 45 776 8 65535 00h 775 33 100.03 104.89 46 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 47 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 Table 26 shows the Phoenix 286 ROM BIOS (80286 ROM BIOS version 3.01, dated 11/0 1/86) hard disk parameters. Table 26 Phoenix 286 (80286 ROM BIOS Version 3.01) Hard Disk Table Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 1 306 4 128 00h 305 17 10.16 10.65 2 615 4 300 00h 638 17 20.42 21.41 3 615 6 300 00h 615 17 30.63 32.12 4 940 8 512 00h 940 17 62.42 65.45 5 940 6 512 00h 940 17 46.82 49.09 6 615 4 65535 00h 615 17 20.42 21.41 7 462 8 256 00h 511 17 30.68 32.17 8 733 5 65535 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 9 900 15 65535 08h 901 17 112.06 117.50 10 820 3 65535 00h 820 17 20.42 21.41 11 855 5 65535 00h 855 17 35.49 37.21 12 855 7 65535 00h 855 17 49.68 52.09 13 306 8 128 00h 319 17 20.32 21.31 14 733 7 65535 00h 733 17 42.59 44.66 15 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 16 612 4 0 00h 633 17 20.32 21.31 17 977 5 300 00h 977 17 40.55 42.52 18 977 7 65535 00h 977 17 56.77 59.53 19 1024 7 512 00h 1023 17 59.50 62.39 20 733 5 300 00h 732 17 30.42 31.90 21 733 7 300 00h 733 17 42.59 44.66 Modem Control Codes Type Cylinders Heads WPC Ctrl LZ S/T Meg M 22 733 5 300 00h 733 17 30.42 31.90 23 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 24 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 25 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 26 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 27 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 28 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 29 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 30 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00

31 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 32 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 33 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 34 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 35 0 0 0 00h 0 0 0.00 0.00 36 1024 5 512 00h 1024 17 42.50 44.56 37 830 10 65535 08h 830 17 68.90 72.24 38 823 10 256 08h 824 17 68.32 71.63 39 615 4 128 00h 664 17 20.42 21.41 40 615 8 128 00h 664 17 40.84 42.82 41 917 15 65535 08h 918 17 114.18 119.72 42 1023 15 65535 08h 1024 17 127.38 133.56 43 823 10 512 08h 823 17 68.32 71.63 44 820 6 65535 00h 820 17 40.84 42.82 45 1024 8 65535 00h 1024 17 68.00 71.30 46 925 9 65535 08h 925 17 69.10 72.46 47 1024 5 65535 00h 1024 17 42.50 44.56 Modem Control Codes This section lists the command and control codes for popular modems. Most modems use a standard AT command set that was developed by Hayes and augmented by U.S. Robotics. Table 27 comes in handy when you need to reconfigure a modem without the original manual. Even if your modem is not Hayes or U.S. Robotics, it probably follows most of these comm ands because this command set has become somewhat of a standard. S-register values listed at the end of the table are also somewhat standard but are more subject to variation in the defaul ts by brand and model. Table 27 Modem AT Commands and S-Register Features Command Modem Functions and Options & See Extended Command Set % See Extended Command Set A Force Answer mode when modem has not received an incoming call A/ Reexecute last command once (continues) Technical Reference Table 27 Continued Command Modem Functions and Options A> Repeat last command continuously Any key Terminate current connection attempt; exit Repeat mode AT Attention: must precede all other commands, except A/, A>, and +++ Bn Handshake options B0 CCITT answer sequence B1 Bell answer tone Cn Transmitter On/Off C0 Transmitter Off C1 Transmitter OnDefault Dn Dial number n and go into originate mode Use any of these options: P Pulse dialDefault T Touch-tone dial , (Comma) Pause for two seconds ; Return to command state after dialing ... Dial the letters that follow ! Flash switch-hook to transfer call W Wait for second dial tone (if X3 or higher is set) @ Wait for an answer (if X3 or higher is set)

R Reverse frequencies S Dial stored number DL Dial the last-dialed number DSn Dial number stored in NVRAM at position En Command mode local echo; not applicable after a connection has been made E0 Echo Off E1 Echo On Fn Local echo On/Off when a connection has been made F0 Echo On (Half duplex) F1 Echo Off (Full duplex)Default Hn On/Off hook control H0 Hang up (go on hook)Default H1 Go off hook In Inquiry I0 Return product code I1 Return memory (ROM) checksum I2 Run memory (RAM) test I3 Return call duration/real time I4 Return current modem settings I5 Return NVRAM settings I6 Return link diagnostics I7 Return product configuration Kn Modem clock operation K0 ATI3 displays call durationDefault K1 ATI3 displays real time; set with ATI3=HH:MM:SSK1 Modem Control Codes Command Modem Functions and Options Ln Loudness of speaker volume L0 Low L1 Low L2 Medium L3 High Mn Monitor (speaker) control M0 Speaker always Off M1 Speaker On until carrier is establishedDefault M2 Speaker always On M3 Speaker On after last digit dialed, Off at carrier detect O Return online after command execution O0 Return online, normal O1 Return online, retrain P Pulse dial Qn Result codes display Q0 Result codes displayed Q1 Result codes suppressed (quiet mode) Q2 Quiet in answer mode only Sr=n Set Register commands: r is any S-register; n must be a decimal number betw een 0 and 255. Sr.b=n Set bit .b of register r to n (0/Off or 1/On) Sr? Query register r T Tone dial Vn Verbal/Numeric result codes V0 Numeric mode V1 Verbal mode Xn Result code options Yn Long space disconnect Y0 Disabled Y1 Enabled; disconnects after 1 1/2-second break Z Software reset +++ Escape code sequence, preceded and followed by at least one second of no dat

a transmission /(Slash) Pause for 125 msec > Repeat command continuously or up to 10 dial attempts, Cancel by pressing any key $ Online HelpBasic command summary &$ Online HelpAmpersand command summary %$ Online HelpPercent command summary D$ Online HelpDial command summary S$ Online HelpS-register summary <Ctrl>-S Stop/restart display of Help screens <Ctrl>-C Cancel display Help screens <Ctrl>-K Cancel display Help screens (continues) Technical Reference Table 27 Continued Command Modem Functions and Options Extended Command Set &An ARQ result codes 1417, 19 &A0 Suppress ARQ result codes &A1 Display ARQ result codesDefault &A2 Display HST and V.32 result codes &A3 Display protocol result codes &Bn Data Rate, terminal-to-modem (DTE/DCE) &B0 DTE rate follows connection rateDefault &B1 Fixed DTE rate &B2 Fixed DTE rate in ARQ mode; variable DTE rate in non-ARQ mode &Cn Carrier Detect (CD) operations &C0 CD override &C1 Normal CD operations &Dn Data Terminal Ready (DTR) operations &D0 DTR override &D1 DTR Off; goes to command state &D2 DTR Off; goes to command state and on hook &D3 DTR Off; resets modem &F Load factory settings into RAM &Gn Guard tone &G0 No guard tone; U.S., CanadaDefault &G1 Guard tone; some European countries &G2 Guard tone; U.K., requires B0 &Hn Transmit Data flow control &H0 Flow control disabledDefault &H1 Hardware (CTS) flow control &H2 Software (XON/XOFF) flow control &H3 Hardware and software control &In Received Data software flow control &I0 Flow control disabledDefault &I1 XON/XOFF to local modem and remote computer &I2 XON/XOFF to local modem only &I3 Host mode, Hewlett-Packard protocol &I4 Terminal mode, Hewlett-Packard protocol &I5 ARQ mode-same as &I2; non-ARQ mode; look for incoming XON/XOFF &Jn Telephone jack selection &J0 RJ-11/RJ-41S/RJ-45S &J1 RJ-12/RJ-13 &Kn Data compression &K0 Disabled &K1 Auto enable/disableDefault &K2 Enabled &K3 V.42bis only

Modem Control Codes Command Modem Functions and Options Extended Command Set &Ln Normal/Leased line operation &L0 Normal phone lineDefault &L1 Leased line &Mn Error Control/Synchronous Options &M0 Normal mode, no error control &M1 Sync mode &M2 Sync mode 2stored number dialing &M3 Sync mode 3manual dialing &M4 Normal/ARQ modeNormal if ARQ connection cannot be madeDefault &M5 ARQ modehang up if ARQ connection cannot be made &Nn Data Rate, data link (DCE/DCE) &N0 Normal link operationsDefault &N1 300bps &N2 1,200bps &N3 2,400bps &N4 4,800bps &N5 7,200bps &N6 9,600bps &N7 12Kbps &N8 14.4Kbps &Pn Pulse dial make/break ratio &P0 North AmericaDefault &P1 British Commonwealth &Rn Received Data hardware (RTS) flow control &R0 CTS tracks RTS &R1 Ignore RTSDefault &R2 Pass received data on RTS high; used Pass received data on RTS high Extended Command Set &Sn Data Set Ready (DSR) override &S0 DSR override (always OnDefault) &S1 Modem controls DSR &S2 Pulsed DSR; CTS follows CD &S3 Pulsed DSR &Tn Modem testing &T0 End testing &T1 Analog loopback &T2 Reserved &T3 Digital loopback &T4 Grant remote digital loopback &T5 Deny remote digital loopback &T6 Initiate remote digital loopback (continues) Technical Reference Table 27 Continued Command Modem Functions and Options Extended Command Set &T7 Remote digital loopback with self-test &T8 Analog loopback with self-test &W Write current settings to NVRAM &Xn Synchronous timing source &X0 Modems transmit clockDefault &X1 Terminal equipment &X2 Modems receiver clock &Yn Break handling. Destructive breaks clear the buffer; expedited Breaks are se nt immediately to remote system &Y0 Destructive, but dont send break

&Y1 Destructive, expeditedDefault &Y2 Nondestructive, expedited &Y3 Nondestructive, unexpedited &Zn=L Store last-dialed phone number in NVRAM at position &Zn=s Write phone number(s) to NVRAM at position n (0-3); 36 characters maximum &Zn? Display phone number in NVRAM at position n (n=0-3) %Rn Remote access to Rack Controller Unit (RCU) %R0 Disabled %R1 Enabled %T Enable Touch-tone recognition Modem S-Register Functions and Defaults S0 Number of rings before automatic answering when DIP switch 5 is UP. Default = 1. S0 = 0 disables Auto Answer, equivalent to DIP switch 5 Down S1 Counts and stores number of rings from incoming call S2 Define escape code character. Default = + S3 Define ASCII carriage return S4 Define ASCII line feed S5 Define ASCII Backspace S6 Number of seconds modem waits before dialing S7 Number of seconds modem waits for a carrier S8 Duration (sec) for pause (,) option in Dial command and pause between command reexecutions for Repeat (>) command S9 Duration (.1 sec units) of remote carrier signal before recognition S10 Duration (.1 sec units) modem waits after loss of carrier before hanging up S11 Duration and spacing (ms) of dialed touch-tones S12 Guard time (in .02 sec units) for escape code sequence (+++) S13 Bitmapped register: 1 Reset when DTR drops 2 Auto answer in originate mode 4 Disable result code pause 8 DS0 on DTR low-to-high Modem Control Codes Command Modem Functions and Options Modem S-Register Functions and Defaults 16 DS0 on power up, ATZ 32 Disable HST modulation 64 Disable MNP Level 3 128 Watchdog hardware reset S15 Bitmapped register: 1 Disable high-frequency equalization 2 Disable online fallback 4 Force 300bps back channel 8 Set non-ARQ transmit buffer to 128 bytes 16 Disable MNP Level 4 32 Set Del as Backspace key 64 Unusual MNP incompatibility 128 Custom applications only Bitmapped Register 1 Analog loopback 2 Dial test 4 Test pattern 8 Initiate remote digital loopback 16 Reserved 32 Reserved 64 Reserved 128 Reserved S18 &Tn Test timer, disabled when set to 0 S19 Set inactivity timer in minutes

S21 Length of Break, DCE to DTE, in 10ms units S22 Define ASCII XON 17 17 S23 Define ASCII XOFF 19 19 Modem S-Register Functions and Defaults S24 Duration (20ms units) of pulsed DSR when modem is set to &S2 or &S3 S25 Delay to DTR in 10ms units S26 Duration (10ms units) of delay between RTS and CTS, synchronous mode S27 Bitmapped register: 1 Enable V.21 modulation, 300bps 2 Enable unencoded V.32 modulation 4 Disable V.32 modulation 8 Disable 2100Hz answer tone 16 Disable MNP handshake 32 Disable V.42 Detect phase 64 Reserved 128 Unusual software incompatibility S28 Duration (.1 sec units) of V.21/V.23 handshake delay (continues) Technical Reference Table 27 Continued Command Modem Functions and Options Modem S-Register Functions and Defaults S32 Voice/Data switch options: 1 0 Disabled 1 Go off hook in originate mode 2 Go off hook in answer mode 3 Redial last-dialed number 4 Dial number stored at position 0 5 Auto answer toggle On/Off 6 Reset modem 7 Initiate remote digital loopback S34 Bitmapped register: 1 Disable V.32bis 2 Disable enhanced V.32 mode 4 Disable quick V.32 retrain 8 Enable V.23 modulation 16 Change MR LED to DSR 32 Enable MI/MIC 64 Reserved 128 Reserved S38 Duration (sec) before disconnect when DTR drops during an ARQ call ARQ = Automatic repeat request ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange BPS = Bits per second CCITT = Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph CD = Carrier detect CRC = Cyclic redundancy check DCE = Data communications equipment DTE = Data terminal equipment EIA = Electronic Industries Association HDLC = High-level data link control HST = High-speed technology Hz = Hertz LAPM = Link access procedure for modems MI/MIC = Mode indicate/Mode indicate common MNP = Microcom networking protocol NVRAM = Non-volatile memory RAM = Random access memory ROM = Read-only memory SDLC = Synchronous Data Link Control

MR = Modem ready LED = Light-emitting diode DOS Command Reference DTR = Data terminal ready CTS = Clear to send RTS = Ready to send DSR = Data set ready DOS Command Reference Even if the systems you support, upgrade, and repair are all running the latest version of Windows, you will inevitably find yourself occasionally troubleshooting these sy stems from the DOS command line. With that in mind, I have included this brief DOS command refe rence to aid you when you are at the command line.* *This DOS command reference is based substantially on material found in Paul McF edries Windows 98 Unleashed Professional Reference Edition, copyright 1998 Sams Publishing, all ri ghts reserved. Used with permission. DOS Commands Found in DOS 6.22, Windows 95, and Windows 98 Windows 95 and Windows 98 both still include DOS commands. The version of DOS wi th Windows 95 is called 7.0 and the version with Windows 98 is called 7.1. For the most part, DOS 7.x commands are just a subset of the commands found in DOS 6.22. However, DOS 7 .x does have a few new features not found in DOS 6.x, so the new DOS is not the same as the old DOS. Heres a partial list of improvements: You can start Windows programs from the DOS prompt and even from within batch fi les. The new DOS includes support for long filenames. Reduced reliance on real-mode drivers means that more conventional memory is ava ilable for DOS programs. Each DOS program can have its own settings and environment (CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT). These are controlled via property sheets, so theres no need to cre ate program information files (PIFs) from scratch for each program. You can run DOS programs in MS-DOS mode if they need full access to the computers resources. The DOS session window has a toolbar for easy access to common features. You can access shared network folders via the command prompt. Most DOS commands are now native Windows 98 commands. Windows 98 is, for the most part, the operating system on your machine. Yes, it comes with some real-mode components (such as IO.SYS) that are DOS-like, but they really ju st handle a few chores until Windows 98 can get itself into protected mode. After Windows 98 is running, however, DOS is just two things: COMMAND.COM, which provides the DOS prompt and a collection of internal DOS comm ands (such as COPY and DIR) A few external DOS commands, such as FORMAT.COM and XCOPY.EXE Technical Reference For Windows 95 (and, so, Windows 98), Microsoft enhanced some of these commands, dropped

other commands, and made a few of the dropped commands available on the CD-ROM. Table 28 lists the internal DOS commands available within the DOS 6.22, Windows 95, and Windows 98 versions of COMMAND.COM. Table 28 The Windows 98 Internal DOS Commands Command Description BREAK Sets or clears extended Ctrl+C checking. CD Changes to a different directory or, if run without parameters, displays the name of the current directory. CHCP Displays the number of the active character set (code page). You can also u se this command to change the active character set for all devices that support characte r-set switching. CHDIR Takes the same action as the CD command. CLS Clears the screen. COPY Copies one or more files to the location you specify. CTTY Changes the terminal device used to control the computer. DATE Displays or sets the current date. DEL Deletes the files you specify. DIR Displays a list of the files and subfolders that exist in the current or spe cified folder. ERASE Deletes the files you specify. EXIT Quits COMMAND.COM and returns to the program that started the command inter preter, if one exists. LH Loads a program into upper memory. LOADHIGH Takes the same action as the LH command. LOCK Enables direct disk access. MD Creates a folder or subfolder. MKDIR Takes the same action as the MD command. PATH Specifies which folders Windows 98 should search for executable files. PROMPT Changes the appearance of the command prompt. RD Deletes a folder. REN Changes the name of the specified file or files. RENAME Takes the same action as the REN command. RMDIR Takes the same action as the RD command. SET Displays, sets, or removes environment variables. TIME Displays or sets the current time. TYPE Displays the contents of the specified text file. UNLOCK Disables direct disk access. VER Displays the operating system version number. VERIFY Directs the operating system to verify that files are written correctly t o a disk and displays the status of verification. VOL Displays the volume label and serial number for a disk. DOS Command Reference The DOS external commands are located in the COMMAND subfolder of the main Windo ws 95/98 folder. Table 29 lists the external DOS commands that ship with Windows 95 /98. Table 29 The Windows 98 External DOS Commands Command Description ATTRIB.EXE Displays or changes the attributes of the specified files. CHKDSK.EXE Checks a disk for (and optionally repairs) lost and cross-linked clus ters. ScanDisk does a better job at finding and repairing these errors. CHOICE.COM Used in batch files to present the user with a list of options. COMMAND.COM Starts a new instance of the command interpreter. This file is usual

ly found in the root directory of the boot drive. CSCRIPT.EXE (Windows 98 only) Runs Windows Script Host scripts. CVT.EXE (Windows 95 OSR 2 and Windows 98 only) Converts FAT drives to FAT32. DEBUG.EXE Tests and edits executable files. DELTREE.EXE Deletes a folder and all its files and subfolders. DISKCOPY.COM Makes an exact copy of a floppy disk. DOSKEY.COM A memory-resident program that recalls commands, edits previous comma nd lines, and runs macros. EDIT.COM Starts a text editor you can use to create and edit ASCII text files. EXTRACT.EXE (Windows 95/98 only) Extracts files from a compressed cabinet (CAB) file. FC.EXE Compares two files and displays the differences between them. FDISK.EXE Starts the FDISK utility. FIND.EXE Searches files for a specified text string. FORMAT.COM Formats a disk. IEXTRACT.EXE Extracts a file from an Internet Explorer backup information (DAT) file. KEYB.COM Configures a keyboard for a specific language. LABEL.EXE Creates or modifies the volume label of a disk. MEM.EXE Displays the amount of used and free memory on the computer. MODE.COM Configures a printer, serial port, or display adapter; sets the keyboar d repeat rate; redirects printer output from a parallel port to a serial port; prepares, selects, refresh es, or displays the numbers of the character sets (code pages) for parallel printers or the keyboard and screen; and displays the status of all the devices installed on the computer . MORE.COM Pauses command output to display one screen at a time. MOVE.EXE Moves files and renames folders. MSCDEX.EXE Loads the real-mode CD-ROM driver. NLSFUNC.EXE Loads country-specific information for national language support. SCANDISK.EXE The real-mode version of ScanDisk. SCANREG.EXE (Windows 98 only) Scans the Registry for damage. SORT.EXE Reads input, sorts data, and writes the results to the screen, a file, or another device. START.EXE Enables you to set various parameters for running Windows programs fro m the DOS prompt. SUBST.EXE Substitutes a drive letter for a path name. SYS.COM Creates a bootable disk by copying Windows 98s system files and COMMAND.COM to the disk. XCOPY.EXE The extended copy command. XCOPY32.EXE (Windows 95 and Windows 98 only) The 32-bit version of XCOPY. Technical Reference DOS 6.22 Commands Not Installed by Windows 95/98 but Available on the CD-ROM Microsoft deleted quite a few DOS commands when it put together the Windows 98 p ackage. Most of these commands were either obsolete (such as EGA.SYS) or dangerous (such as RECOVER). Three of these commands, however, can be found on the Windows 98 CD-ROM in the \TOOLS\OLDMSDOS\ folder. Ive summarized them in Table 30. Table 30 Old DOS Commands Available on the Windows 98 CD-ROM Command Description HELP.COM Displays descriptions, syntax, and examples for all DOS commands. HELP. HLP is also available.

MSD.EXE Runs the Microsoft Diagnostics program used to gather system information for troubleshooting. Superseded by the System Information utility in Windows 98. QBASIC.EXE The programming environment for creating QBASIC applications. QBASIC. HLP is also available. Table 31 lists commands that were available in the Windows 95 CD-ROM in the \OTHER\OLDMSDOS folder. These were commands that were available in DOS 6.22 but were not installed by Windows 95 because they are obsolete. Table 31 Old DOS Commands Available on the Windows 95 CD-ROM Command Description APPEND.EXE Establishes a DOS search path for data files. CHKSTATE.SYS A device driver used by MemMaker to optimize memory use. You cannot use this driver. EXPAND.EXE Extracts a file from compressed format on the DOS distribution disks to a usable uncompressed form. GRAPHICS.COM Enables the Print Screen key to print the contents of a graphics sc reen on a suitable printer. HELP.COM Launches a full screen online help utility for the DOS commands. INTERLNK.EXE Client device driver for an InterLnk network. INTERSVR.EXE Server device driver for an InterLnk network. LOADFIX.COM Forces a program to load into the second 64KB of memory. MEMMAKER.EXE Utility for optimizing memory usage by device drivers and other pro grams loaded by CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT. MSD.EXE Runs the Microsoft Diagnostics program used to gather system information for troubleshooting. PRINT.EXE Print spooler for ASCII text files. QBASIC.EXE Starts the Microsoft QuickBASIC development environment, a program fo r writing and running BASIC language programs. REPLACE.EXE Replaces or adds files to a subdirectory. RESTORE.EXE Restores files created by the BACKUP program from one disk to anothe r. SIZER.EXE A program used by MemMaker to optimize memory use. You cannot use this program. TREE.EXE Displays the subdirectory stricture of a disk. UNDELETE.EXE Undeletes a file or group of files. DOS Command Reference DOS 6.22 Commands Not Available in Windows 95 or Windows 98 Finally, Table 32 is a list of DOS 6.22 commands that are gone for good and wont be found in either Windows 95 or Windows 98. Table 32 DOS 6.22 Command Description ASSIGN In DOS 25, attached an alias drive letter to an existing drive. Replaced b y SUBST in DOS 6 and later. BACKUP A utility to back up files from a hard disk to a series of floppy disks. Replaced by MSBACKUP in DOS 6 and with the GUI version of Backup for Windows 95 and Windows 98. COMP Compares two sets of disk files of the same name and same length. Included in DOS 15 but only on supplemental disk in DOS 6. DOSSHELL In DOS 46, a full screen menu driven shell for the DOS command line. Inc

luded only on the supplemental disk for DOS 6.2. EDLIN In DOS 15, edits an ASCII file, replaced by EDIT. Only on supplemental disk in DOS 6. FASTHELP Returns the same help information as including the /? switch with a DOS command. FASTOPEN A utility that sped up the process of opening files in DOS. GRAFTABL A DOS 35 utility for loading tables of additional character sets for CGA adapters. Only on the supplemental disk in DOS 6. JOIN In DOS 3.15, connects one drive to a subdirectory of another. Only on the su pplemental disk in DOS 6. MIRROR In DOS 5, records information about the FAT, the root directory, and opti onally the partition table which can be used by UNFORMAT and UNDELETE. Only on the supplemental disk in DOS 6. MSAV Microsoft Anti-Virus for Windows 3.x. MSBACKUP Microsoft Backup for Windows 3.x. POWER Controls use of APM in laptop systems and other APM-enabled systems. RECOVER A file recovery utility with DOS 25 that was not distributed with DOS 6 o r later. Not recommended for use with any version. SETVER DOS version control program that reports a different DOS version number t o programs requiring a specific version of DOS to run. SHARE File sharing and locking capabilities for DOS. SMARTMON SMARTDrive monitoring and configuration program for Windows 3.x. UNFORMAT Recovers a disk that was accidentally formatted. Note that using the /U switch with the FORMAT command will prevent the UNFORMAT command from being able to recover the disk. VSAFE A memory resident utility that warns you of virus-like activity.