Section I. ASEAN-Korea Trade Analysis: Status and Trends

Section I.
ASEAN-Korea trade analysis: status and trends
1 Brunei Darussalam
1. General status
With its per capita GDP over $35,000, Brunei is one of the most affluent countries in Asia. Its economy is generally stable, except for its relatively high dependence on the oil industry. By carrying out its 8th economic development plan that started in 2002, Brunei is lowering its economic dependence on the oil and gas industries. At the same time, it is exerting efforts for industrial diversification under the goal of achieving annual growth of over 5%. In particular, the country is actively trying to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and preparing various investment promotion measures such as the implementation of One-Stop Service. These steps are expected to improve investment environments for foreigners.
2. Trade trends
Brunei's annual trade volume increased from $7,303 million in 2005 to $12,088 million in 2008, recording yearly growth of 18.3% on average. This trend is predicted to continue. During the 2005-2008 period, the nation's exports expanded by annual average of 18.8% from $5,633 million to $9,433 million. Its imports grew by 16.7% a year from $1,670 million to $2,655 million. Figure 1 Brunei's Export and Import Trends
(Unit:
Million)
Class.
Export Import Balance
2005 Value % change 5,633 1,670 3,964 -
2006 Value % change 6,907 22.6% 1,990 19.2% 4,917 24.0%
2007 Value % change 6,944 0.5% 3,933 97.6% 3,011 -38.8%
2008 Value % change 9,433 35.8% 2,655 -32.5% 6,778 125.1%
Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)
Brunei's trade surplus jumped from $3,964 million in 2005 to $4,917 million in 2006. In 2007, the nation's imports soared 97.6% compared with the previous year, while exports grew by a meager 0.5%. As a consequence, the country's trade surplus shrank to $3,011 million. In 2008, the surplus went up again to $6,778 million thanks to a huge export increase. (1) Export status 1) Export status by country In 2008, Brunei's largest export destination was Japan, to which Brunei shipped $4,152 million worth of goods, accounting for 40.8% of its total exports. Japan was followed by Indonesia, which absorbed 21.6% of Brunei's exports, or about $2,197 million. Korea was ranked third by importing from Brunei $1,568 million worth of products, which constituted 15.4% of Brunei's total exports. Table 1 Brunei's Top 10 Export Destinations
(Unit: 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Country
Japan Indonesia Korea Australia New Zealand India Singapore U.S.A. Malaysia Thailand
2005 Value Share

2,074 1,089 715 524 67 1 135 536 12 184 5,633 36.8% 19.3% 12.7% 9.3% 1.2% 0.0% 2.4% 9.5% 0.2% 3.3% 100%
2006 Value Share

2,067 1,461 1,096 775 199 195 200 523 69 117 7,099 29.1% 20.6% 15.4% 10.9% 2.8% 2.7% 2.8% 7.4% 1.0% 1.6% 100%
2007 Value Share

2,276 1,695 850 927 129 219 127 383 87 102 7,160 31.8% 23.7% 11.9% 12.9% 1.8% 3.1% 1.8% 5.3% 1.2% 1.4% 100%
2008 Value Share

4,152 2,197 1,568 1,023 316 250 174 107 93 80 10,188 40.8% 21.6% 15.4% 10.0% 3.1% 2.5% 1.7% 1.1% 0.9% 0.8% 100%
Total
2) Export status by item Crude oil and petroleum gases are Brunei's predominant export items. In 2006, crude oil and natural gas exports reached $5,140.8 million and $2,214.58 million, accounting for 67.3% and 29% of the nation's total exports, respectively. Combined, the two sectors constituted more than 96% of the nation's export volume. Brunei also exports various kinds of apparel and machinery, but they hold minimal portions in its exports. To improve the situation, Brunei needs to diversify its export items.
Table 2 Brunei's Top 10 Exports

(Unit: Thousands)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2709 2711 6109 6106 8459 8803 6105 6104 8479 8207
Commodity
Crude petroleum oils Petroleum gases T-shirts, singlets and other vests, knitted or crocheted Women's blouses & shirts, knitted or crocheted Machine-tool for drill / boring / milling, threading / tapping Aircraft parts Men's shirts, knitted or crocheted Women's suits, dresses, skirt & short, knitted / crocheted Machines & mechanical appliance having unique functions Interchangeable tools for hand tools, or for machine-tools
2002
1,688,871 1,400,489 36,373 3,606 94 15,015 4,839 9,377 6,939 9.045
2003
2,022,102 1,594,727 51,183 8,100 497 20,715 1,182 15,995 7,616 29,715
2006
5,140,804 2,214,588 67,242 28,196 22,153 18,507 12,940 11,399 9,178 5,844
2008 Korea's import

85,855,363 24,892,560 458,628 50,130 116,161 572,991 45,986 79,978 3,275,448 244,330
Source: International Trade Centre (ITC)
3. Brunei-Korea trade
Korea's exports to Brunei climbed from $22.43 million in 2006 to $70.20 million in 2008, recording annual growth of 76.9%. Imports from Brunei also sharply rose from $1,205.62 million in 2006 to $1,724.48 million in 2008. Bilateral trade has been in favor of Brunei since 2006, with Korea's deficit reaching $1,654.27 million in 2008. Figure 2 Trends in Korea's Trade with Brunei
(Unit:
Thousands)
Class. Export Import Balance
2006 Value
22,435 1,205,629 -1,183,194
2007 Value
26,613 934,960 -908,347
2008 Value
70,209 1,724,487 -1,654,278
% change
% change
18.6% -22.5% 23.2%
% change
163.8% 84.4% -82.1%
(1) Korean exports to Brunei As of 2008, Korea's key export items to Brunei were motor cars, heating and cooking machinery, steel products and telephone sets. Motor cars topped the list with $22.04 million, which accounted for 31.4% of Korea's total exports to Brunei. Heating and cooking machinery showed a conspicuous jump from zero in 2007 to $20.35 million; which was 29% of the total exports. Table 3 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Brunei
(Unit: 1,000, %)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
8703 8419 8417 7307 7419 8517 8481 8544 7306 3901
Commodity
Motor cars Heating, cooking, roasting machinery Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens Tube or pipe fittings, of iron or steel Other articles of copper Telephone sets Taps, cocks, valves Insulated wire, cables Other tubes, pipes and hollow profiles Polymers of ethylene
2007 Value % change

19,547 0 0 192 0 486 94 526 38 914 69 3,571 3,058.7 3,355.2 -67.8 -60.2
2008 Value % change

22,043 20,352 5,862 3,458 1,792 1,765 1,591 1,562 1,418 1,356 12.8 1,698 263 1,589.1 197 3,638.1 48.5
(2) Korean imports from Brunei 1) Import status by industry In 2008, imports of mineral products amounted to $1,723.32 million, accounting for 99.9% of total imports. The mineral products were followed by agricultural and fisheries products, and steel and metal products, but these sectors constituted just 0.06% and 0.01% of the total import volume, respectively. To increase its export to Korea, Brunei needs to develop strategic items other than crude oil and natural gas. Table 4 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Brunei
(Unit: 1,000, %)
Rank
Industrial sector
Mineral Product Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Textile & Apparel Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Chemical Industry Manufactures Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries Living ware Machinery
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
Value 934,412 435 63 37 5 6 0 1 0 0 934,960
2007 % change -22.4 130.0 -90.7 -68.3 -77.1 50,790.9 23.8 121.1 -57.4 -99.1 -22.4
Share 99.94 0.05 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100
Value 1,723,323 987 160 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 1,724,487
2008 % change 84.4 126.8 155.6 -78.1 2.7 -59.4 -2.0 -74.9 -41.4 106.5 84.5
Share 99.93 0.06 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100
2) Import status by item Crude oil and petroleum gases accounted for over 99% of Korea's imports from Brunei. But, these items held mere 1.3% and 2.4% import market shares in Korea, respectively. Table 5 Korea's Top 10 Imports from Brunei and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: Thousands)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HS Code
2709 2711 4408 7404 6205 3822 8471 8473
Commodity
Crude petroleum oils Petroleum gases and hydrocarbons Sheets for veneering Copper waste and scrap Men's or boys' shirts Diagnostic or laboratory reagents Automatic data processing machines Parts and accessories with machines
Total imports
85,855,363 24,892,560 154,840 1,427,493 145,991 332,972 3,630,936 2,345,157
Imports from Brunei Rank in Value Share market

1,125,629 597,694 987 160 8 2 2 2 1.3% 2.4% 0.6% 0.01% 0.01% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 12 10 11 82 55 57 91 75
Top 3 countries in share 1st

Saudi Arabia Catarrh China U.S.A. China U.S.A. China China
2nd
U.A.E. Oman Malaysia South Africa Italy Germany U.S.A. U.S.A.
3rd
Kuwait Malaysia Brazil Vietnam U.S.A. Japan Ireland Taiwan
Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA), 2008 Note 1) Total imports: Korea's total imports by category 2) Rank in market: Rank in Korea's import market
Table 6 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Brunei

(Unit: Thousands)
HS Code
2711 2711110000
Commodity
Natural gas
Total imports
19,806,104
Imports from Brunei Rank in Value Share market

597,694 3% 7

Catarrh
2nd
Oman
3rd
Malaysia
2 Cambodia
1. General status
The Cambodian economy has achieved growth of more than 10% every year since 2004, with tourism, garments and construction sectors playing key roles. The economy has a structure of a consumption market, heavily dependent on imports, except for the garments sector. Since its admission into the WTO in September 2004, Cambodia revised a total of 46 domestic laws to meet WTO standards. In addition, quotas in the multilateral textile agreement were abolished effective in January 2005. These moves contributed to improvement in the country's investment environment, which, in turn, led to increasing foreign direct investment (FDI). Cambodia has been participated in regional economic cooperation since it joined ASEAN as its 10th member in April 1999. After parliamentary ratification in October 2004, the nation was admitted into the WTO as its 148th member. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status FDI in Cambodia grew 118.2% a year on average from $1,048 million in 2005 to $10,889 million in 2008. In 2008, the largest investor was China, which had an FDI capital of $4,371 million. Korea's investments were about $1,238 million, accounting for 11.3% of total FDI. Table 7 FDI Status in Cambodia
(Unit: 1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value (% change) 452 (-) 56 (-) 133 (-) Share 43.1% 5.3% 12.5% 1,048
2006 Value (% change) 717 (58.6%) 1,010 (1,701.7%) 171 (29.5%) Share 16.2% 22.8% 3.8% 4,415
2007 Value (% change) 180 (-74.8%) 148 (-85.3%) 507 (195.9%) Share 6.7% 5.5% 18.9% 2,667
2008 Value (% change) 4,371 (2,328.3%) 1,238 (736.1%) 150 (-70.5%) Share 40.1% 11.3% 1.3% 10,889
China Korea ASEAN Total
Source: The Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC), www.globalwindow.org
2. Trade trends
Cambodia's annual trade increased in amount from $5,562 million in 2005 to $12,397 million in 2008, recording annual growth of 30.6%. Exports expanded by 12.5% annually from $3,014 million in 2005 to $4,290 million in 2008. Imports soared by 47.1% a year on average from $2,548 million in 2005 to $8,170 million in 2008. The country had maintained a trade surplus since 2004, but it turned into a deficit in 2007 because of a drastic increase in imports. Figure 3 Cambodia's Export and Import Trends
(Unit:
1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value Export Import Balance 3,014 2,548 466 % change 37.8% 22.8% 312.4% Value
2006 % change 18.2% 17.2% 23.6% Value
2007 % change 14.1% 116.3% -514.9% Value
2008 % change 5.5% 25.6% -59.7%
3,562 2,985 576
4,066 6,457 -2,390
4,290 8,107 -3,818
(1) Export status 1) Export status by country As of 2008, Cambodia's largest export destination was the United States, whose imports from Cambodia reached $2,314 million, accounting for 54.4% of Cambodia's total exports. The United States was followed by Germany, which imported $329 million worth of goods, or 7.7% of total Cambodian exports. Cambodia's exports to Korea in 2008 amounted to $13 million, accounting for just 0.3% of its total export volume. To enhance its export to Korea, Cambodia needs to develop strategic items.
8
Table 8 Cambodia's Top 10 Export Destinations

(Unit: 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21
Country U.S.A. Germany Canada U.K. Vietnam Spain Japan Singapore Thailand Belgium Korea Total
2005 Value 1,595 225 107 124 46 34 63 70 15 10 2 3,014 Share 52.9% 7.5% 3.6% 4.1% 1.5% 1.1% 2.1% 2.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% 100%
2006 Value 1,899 233 115 153 75 85 34 139 15 23 3 3,562 Share 53.3% 6.5% 3.2% 4.3% 2.1% 2.4% 1.0% 3.9% 0.4% 0.6% 0.1% 100%
2007 Value 2,363 298 189 212 187 115 126 77 45 43 8 4,075 Share 58.0% 7.3% 4.6% 5.2% 4.6% 2.8% 3.1% 1.9% 1.1% 1.1% 0.2% 100%
2008 Value 2,314 329 252 232 191 141 110 105 81 56 13 4,251 Share 54.4% 7.7% 5.9% 5.5% 4.5% 3.3% 2.6% 2.5% 1.9% 1.3% 0.3% 100%
2) Export status by item Cambodia has a very limited scope of export products such as various kinds of apparel, rubber goods, lumber products, and agricultural and fisheries items. Its top 10 exports are mostly various kinds of apparel and footwear for men and women. Table 9 Cambodia's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: Thousands)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
6110 6204 6203 6109 6108 6403 6104 6106 6105 6107
Commodity
Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, knitted or crocheted Women's suits, jackets, dresses skirts & shorts Men's suits, jackets, trousers & shorts T-shirts, singlets and other vests, knitted or crocheted Women's slips, panties, pyjamas, bathrobes, knitted/crocheted Footwear, upper of leather Women's suits, dresses, skirt & short, knitted/crocheted Women's blouses & shirts, knitted or crocheted Men's shirts, knitted or crocheted Men's underpants, pyjamas, bathrobes, knitted/crocheted
2004
569,573 49,361 17,018 23,408 151,833 37,268 486,260 98,733 107,479 75,756
2005
732,297 522,144 224,608 122,072 190,519 121,812 95,778 105,340 75,139 75,180
2006
970,524 476,135 275,149 226,924 192,086 177,980 169,952 138,348 136,762 78,446
2008 Korea's import

321,393 773,868 609,700 458,628 41,488 447,107 79,978 50,130 45,986 34,150
3. Cambodia-Korea trade
After exceeding the $200 million mark in 2006, Korea's exports to Cambodia rose 37.2% to $281.42 million in 2007, and then to $294.38 million in 2008. Although still at a minimal level, Korea's imports from Cambodia grew by annual average of 62.3% from $5.46 million in 2006 to $14.37 million in 2008. Figure 4 Trends in Korea's Trade with Cambodia
(Unit:
Thousands)
2006 Class. Value Export Import Balance 205,093 5,461 199,632 % change Value
2007 % change 37.2% 62.5% 36.0% Value
2008 % change 4.6% 62.1% 2.9%
281,426 8,873 272,553
294,383 14,378 280,005
(1) Korean exports to Cambodia Other knitted or crocheted fabrics topped the list of Korean exports to Cambodia for two consecutive years by amounting to $64.17 million in 2007 and $60.72 million in 2008. The second spot was taken by motor vehicles for the transport of goods, the exports of which in 2008 reached $32.14 million in value, up 35.3% from the previous year. This sector deserves particular attention for its prospect for growth. Korea's top 10 exports to Cambodia are mainly comprised of various textile products and car-related goods. This situation leaves room for Korea to diversify its export products to Cambodia.
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Table 10 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Cambodia

(Unit: Thousands)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
6006 8704 6004 6309 6310 8702 8711 6217 8708 8703
Commodity
Other Knitted or crocheted fabrics Motor vehicles for the transport of goods Knitted or crocheted fabrics Worn clothing and other worn articles Used or new rags, scrap twine cordage, rope and cables Motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons Motorcycles Other made up clothing accessories Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons
Value
2007 % change 43.4% 45.3% 50.8% 7.9% -0.7% 58.6% -2.0% 32.8% 17.2% 126.1%
Value
2008 % change -5.4% 35.3% -25.1% 2.9% -17.4% 10.2% 5.3% 27.1% -5.7% 61.3%
64,172 23,750 36,630 19,876 10,282 7,631 6,382 5,257 6,469 3,769
60,729 32,142 27,419 20,444 8,497 8,412 6,723 6,684 6,100 6,081
(2) Korean imports from Cambodia 1) Import status by industry Textile and apparel products constituted the largest sector of imported goods from Cambodia in 2008. This sector's imports reached $8.89 million, accounting for 61.9% of total imports from Cambodia. Ranked second and third were steel and metal products, and agricultural, forest, marine products, which accounted for 17.6% and 12.2% of the total imports, respectively. Table 11 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Cambodia
(Unit: Thousands, %)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Industrial sector
Textile & Apparel Articles of iron or Steel, Metals Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Living ware Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Machinery Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Chemical Industry Manufactures Mineral Product Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries
2007 Value
6,391 1,493 661 276 22 10 12 8 0 1 8,873
2008 Share
72.0 16.8 7.4 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0
% change
79.6 193.2 129.1 120.9 -50.4 -98.8 -83.4 719.6 11.2 62.5
Value
8,898 2,529 1,751 729 235 168 31 30 6 2 14,378
% change
39.2 69.5 164.8 164.3 982.3 1,577.2 169.4 267.5 102.0 62.1
Share
61.9 17.6 12.2 5.1 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.04 0.01 100.0
Total
11
2) Import status by item An item review of the imports from Cambodia shows that in 2008, aluminum waste and scrap were in the top spot with their import amount standing at $2.11 million. These products, however, had a meager 0.2% share in the Korean import market. In contrast, men's suits (knitted or crocheted) from Cambodia was ranked third in the Korean import market by holding a 3.2% share. Table 12 Korea's Top 10 Imports from Cambodia and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: Thousands)
Rank
HS Code
7602 4001
Commodity
Aluminium waste and scrap Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle T-shirts, singlets and other vests, knitted or crocheted. Women's or girls' suits, ensembles, jackets, knitted or crocheted. Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, jackets, knitted or crocheted. Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, jackets Women's or girls' suits, ensembles, jackets Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics Other garments, knitted or crocheted
Total imports
1,020,541 1,003,034
Imports from Cambodia Value

2,112 1,598

U.S.A. Thailand
Share
0.2% 0.1%
Rank in market
44 7
2nd
U.K. Indonesia
3rd
Australia Malaysia
1 2
6109
458,628
1,503
0.3%
16
China
Italy
India
6104
79,978
1,273
1.5%
China
Italy
U.S.A.
5 6 7 8 9 10
6103 6203 6204 6110 6403 6114
38,611 609,700 773,868 321,393 447,107 40,367
1,265 1,086 688 679 632 474
3.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1%
3 19 30 17 21 8
China China China China China China
Philippines Italy Italy Italy Italy Vietnam
Cambodia Vietnam U.S.A. Vietnam Vietnam El Salvador
Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA) Note 1) Total imports: Korea's total imports by category 2) Rank in market: Rank in Korea's import market
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3 Indonesia
1. General status
Indonesia has abundant energy resources such as coal, crude oil and natural gas, as well as a solid domestic consumption market supported by its population of 240 million people. These two factors form the backbone of the country's economic growth. In macroeconomic terms, Indonesia is entering a stable path of growth after coming out of the 1997-1998 financial crisis. In particular, it achieved solid growth of 6.1% in 2008 despite a number of unfavorable developments such as international financial instability, soaring prices of crude oil and other raw materials, and the upward trend of interest rates driven by inflation pressures. To diversify its economic structure which is heavily dependent on energy resources, Indonesia is now looking for new growth engines in various sectors such as fabrics and fabric products, electronics and parts, automobiles and parts, shipbuilding, petrochemical, steel, and aquaculture. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status FDI in Indonesia in 2008 amounted to $14,871 million invested in 1,138 projects. Compared with the previous year, the amount went up 43.8% in value terms while the number of projects increased 15.9%. Mauritius emerged as the largest investor with an invested capital of $6,478 million. By investing $310 million in 182 projects, Korea ranked second in terms of the number of projects, and sixth in terms of value. Table 13 FDI Status in Indonesia
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6
Country
Republic of Mauritius Singapore Japan U.K. Malaysia Korea Total
2007 No. of Projects

7 124 113 63 56 164 982
2008 Value
224 3,748 618 1,686 217 628 10,341
No. of Projects
5 184 130 57 74 182 1,138
Value
6,478 1,487 1,365 513 363 301 14,871
Source: Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), www.globalwindow.org
13
2. Trade trends
As of 2008, Indonesia was ranked 30th worldwide in terms of trade volume, according to IMF statistics. Indonesia's exports grew by an average of 21.9% a year from $85,660 million in 2005 to $155,060 million in 2008. During the same period, the country's imports rose 33.6% from $57,714 million to $137,638 million. Trade surplus jumped from $27,946 million in 2005 to $39,628 million in 2007, registering 19.1% annual growth on average. In 2008, the surplus declined 56% from the previous year. Figure 5 Indonesia's Export and Import Trends
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value Export Import Balance 85,660 57,714 27,946 % change 19.7% 24.0% 11.5% Value
2006 % change 17.7% 5.8% 42.3% Value
2007 % change 13.2% 22.0% -0.4% Value
2008 % change 35.9% 84.8% -56.0%
100,842 61,073 39,769
114,112 74,484 39,628
155,060 137,638 17,422
(1) Export status 1) Export status by country Indonesia's largest export destination in 2008 was Japan, which imported Indonesian goods worth about $27,744 million, up 17.4% from 2007. The shipments to Japan accounted for 20.7% of Indonesia's total exports. Japan was followed by the United States, Singapore and China. Worthy of note is India, the Indonesian exports to which grew 35.5% a year on average. Korea was placed fifth by importing $9,117 million worth of products or 6.6% of total Indonesian exports in 2008.
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Table 14 Indonesia's Top 10 Export Destinations

(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
Country
Japan U.S.A. Singapore China Korea India Malaysia Australia Netherlands Thailand Total
2005 Value
18,049 9,889 7,837 6,662 7,086 2,878 3,431 2,228 2,234 2,246 85,660
2006 Value
21,732 11,259 8,930 8,344 7,694 3,391 4,111 2,771 2,518 2,702
100,842
2007 Value
23,633 11,644 10,502 9,676 7,583 4,944 5,096 3,395 2,749 3,054
114,112
2008 Value
27,744 13,080 12,862 11,637 9,117 7,163 6,433 4,111 3,926 3,661
137,022
Share
21.1% 11.5% 9.1% 7.8% 8.3% 3.4% 4.0% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 100%
Share
21.6% 11.2% 8.9% 8.3% 7.6% 3.4% 4.1% 2.7% 2.5% 2.7% 100%
Share
20.7% 10.2% 9.2% 8.5% 6.6% 4.3% 4.5% 3.0% 2.4% 2.7% 100%
Share
20.7% 10.2% 9.2% 8.5% 6.6% 4.3% 4.5% 3.0% 2.4% 2.7% 100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(2) Export status by item Indonesia's largest export item is natural gas, whose exports amounted to $10,197 million in 2006, accounting for 10.1% of the country's total exports. It was followed by crude oil, whose exports reached $8,169 million in value, or 8.1% of the country's total exports. Table 15 Indonesia's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2711 2709 2701 1511 2603 4001 2710 8471 4412 4802
Commodity
Petroleum gases Crude petroleum oils Coal; briquettes, ovoids & similar solid fuels manufactured from coal Palm oil & its fraction Copper ores and concentrates Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha Petroleum oils, not crude Automatic data processing machines; optical reader Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood Uncoated paper for writing, printing
2004
2,213 4,679 2,758 3,442 1,802 2,181 1,631 1,517 1,577 738
2005
9,154 8,146 4,354 3,756 3,311 2,584 1,904 1,850 1,375 1,050
2006
10,197 8,169 6,082 4,818 4,646 4,322 2,815 1,786 1,507 1,392
2008 Korea's import

24,893 85,855 12,372 225 3,514 1,003 17,081 3,631 544 147
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3. Indonesia-Korea trade
In March 2009, Indonesia was ranked 15th among Korea's export destinations, and the ninth largest source of import. Trade volume between Korea and Indonesia registered average annual growth of 13.3% during the 2005-2008 period, rising from $13,230 million to $19,254 million. In 2008, Korea exported $7,934 million worth of products and imported $11,320 worth of good, thus recording a deficit of $3,387 million. Figure 6 Trends in Korea's Trade with Indonesia
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value Export Import Balance 5,046 8,184 -3,139 % change 37.2% 28.5% Value
2006 % change -3.4% 8.1% 26.6% Value
2007 % change 18.4% 3.0% -15.9% Value
2008 % change 37.5% 24.2% 1.3%
4,874 8,849 -3,975
5,771 9,114 -3,343
7,934 11,320 -3,387
(1) Korean exports to Indonesia Major Korean exports to Indonesia in 2008 included petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, special-purpose vessels, and synthetic rubber. Ranked first in 2008 were petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals whose exports were worth $2,477 million, accounting for 31.2% of the total export volume. They were followed by special-purpose vessels, whose exports amounted to $530 million, or 6.7% of the total exports.
16
Table 16 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Indonesia

(Unit: $ million)
Rank
HS Code 2710 8905 6006 4002 7210 7208 3902 8522 7209 6004
Commodity Petroleum oils and oils; waste oils. Vessels, drilling or production platforms. Other Knitted or crocheted fabrics. Synthetic rubber and mixtures. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. Polymers of propylene or of other olefin. Parts and accessories suitable for sound/video apparatus. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. Knitted or crocheted fabrics.
2007 Value 1,494 10 209 88 121 32 67 105 78 95 % change 17.9% 39.0% 16.8% 29.5% -11.8% 3.6% -17.3% 59.7% 13.4% Value
2008 % change 65.8%

5,071.3%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2,477 530 295 196 167 144 128 127 125 120
41.1% 122.6% 37.2% 349.0% 91.2% 20.9% 59.0% 26.3%
(2) Korean imports from Indonesia 1) Import status by industry Mineral products were at the top of the list of Korean imports from Indonesia in 2008, with $7,843 million which accounted for 69.3% of total imports. Ranked second were chemical industry manufactures, whose imports amounted to $971 million, constituting 8.6% of total imports. Imports of miscellaneous articles were up 68.7% from 2007, recording the highest growth rate. In value terms, mineral products were ranked first as their import amount jumped by $1,593 million. Table 17 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Indonesia
(Unit: $ 1,000,000, %)
Rank
Industrial sector Mineral Product Chemical Industry Manufactures Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Textile & Apparel Living ware Machinery Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries
2007 Value 6,250 804 667 578 355 264 122 37 34 4 9,114 % change -3.9 1.3 18.3 126.0 12.6 4.9 15.0 44.2 1.3 22.4 3.0 Share 68.6 8.8 7.3 6.3 3.9 2.9 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.05 100 Value 7,843 971 888 644 440 314 135 40 37 7 11,320
2008 % change 25.5 20.7 33.3 11.5 24.1 19.0 10.5 9.6 11.2 68.7 24.2 Share 69.3 8.6 7.8 5.7 3.9 2.8 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
17
2) Import status by item Of the key imports from Indonesia, petroleum gases were ranked first in value terms as their imports amounted to $2,768 million in 2008. In terms of annual increase, ammonia in aqueous solution was in the first place, with its imports recording 85% growth from the previous year. In value terms, coal and similar solid fuels were ranked first as their imports jumped by $730 million. Precious metal imports amounted to $275 million, holding a 57.5% share of the Korean import market. Though small in their volumes, chemical wood pulp and ammonia held the largest shares in their respective import markets in Korea. Table 18 Korea's Top 10 Imports from Indonesia and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2711 2701 2709 2710 2603 4703 4001 7501 7112 2814
Commodity
Petrtoleum gases and hydrocarbons. Coal and similar solid fuels Petroleum oils and oils Petroleum oils and oils; waste oils. Copper ores and concentrates. Chemical wood pulp Natural rubber and similar natural gums. Nickel and other intermediate products Waste and scrap of precious metal Ammonia, anhydrous or in aqueous solution.
Total imports
24,893 12,372 85,855 17,081 3,514 1,530 1,003 636 478 602
Imports from Indonesia Value Share Rank in market

2,768 2,098 1,555 649 482 384 298 280 275 179 11.1% 17.0% 1.8% 3.8% 13.7% 25.1% 29.7% 44.0% 57.5% 29.7% 4 3 10 7 3 1 2 2 1 1

Qatar Australia Saudi Arabia India Chile
Indonesia
2nd
Oman China U.A.E. Saudi Arabia Australia Canada
Indonesia Indonesia
3rd
Malaysia
Indonesia
Kuwait U.A.E.
Indonesia
Chile Malaysia Australia India Australia
Thailand Canada
Indonesia Indonesia
Brazil Iran
Table 19 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Indonesia

(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
HS Code
4703 4703212000 4703292000 4001212000 4001 4001220000 4001290000 4001309000 7501 7112 2814 7501201090 7112991000 2814100000
Commodity
Bleached: Coniferous Bleached: Non-coniferous Natural rubber smoked sheets, Rss No.1 Technically specified natural rubber (TSNR) Other natural rubber Other natural gums Nickel oxide sinters (Other) Other - Of residues Anhydrous ammonia
Total imports
420 1,006 2 838 26 1 631 457 602
Imports from Indonesia Value Share Rank in market

18 366 1.8 294 2 0.9 280 275 179 4.3% 36.4% 90.2% 35.1% 7.7% 94.4% 44.4% 60.2% 29.7% 6 1 1 2 5 1 2 1 1

Canada Indonesia Indonesia Thailand
Philippines
2nd
Chile Canada Thailand Indonesia Thailand Italy Indonesia Brazil Iran
3rd
U.S.A. Chile Malaysia Vietnam China Australia India Australia
Indonesia Canada Indonesia Indonesia
18
4 Lao PDR
1. General status
Having concentrated on implementing the five-year social and economic development plan approved by parliament in 2001, Lao PDR has achieved high annual growth of 8% on average since 2006. The agricultural sector accounts for about 50% of the country's GDP, absorbing 80% of its employed population. With the entire Lao PDR economy greatly affected by climate change, the agricultural sector's influence is becoming lower. In contrast, high value-added industries such as construction, manufacturing and service are growing lately. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed considerably to the country's rapid economic growth since the mid 1990s. Rich in natural resources such as calium, iron, gold, precious metals, scapolite, coal and natural gas, Lao PDR is considered to have good prospects for attracting foreign investment.
2. Trade trends
Trade volume of Lao PDR jumped from $1,967 million in 2005 to $4,453 million in 2008, registering an average growth rate of 31.3% a year. This upward trend is predicted to continue. The country's exports climbed by an annual average of 33% from $697 million in 2005 to $1,639 million in 2008. Imports rose 30.4% a year from $1,270 million in 2005 to $2,814 million in 2008. Figure 7 Lao PDR's Export and Import Trends
(Unit:
1,000,000)
Class.
2005 Value % change

697 1,270 -573 30.3% 20.3% 10.2%
2006 Value % change

1,178 1,655 -477 69.0% 30.3% -16.8%
2007 Value % change

1,321 2,106 -785 12.1% 27.3% 64.6%
2008 Value % change

1,639 2,814 -1,175 24.1% 33.6% -49.7%
Export Import Balance
19
Lao PDR' trade volume is expanding, with both exports and imports on the rise. But, its trade balance remains in the red. Future developments merit attention as the country's exports have been surpassing imports in their growth rates since 2006. (1) Export status 1) Export status by country Thailand is the top export destination of Lao PDR, ahead of Vietnam, China and the United Kingdom. Lao PDR's exports to Thailand amounted to $569 million in 2008, which represented 35.5% of total exports of the country in that year. Thailand was followed by Vietnam in second with transactions worth $248 million, or 15.5% of the total Lao PDR exports. Korea is one of the main export destination of Lao PDR, importing $48 million worth of goods, or 3.0% of the entire Lao PDR exports. Table 20 Lao PDR's Top 10 Export Destinations
(Unit: 1,000,000)
Rank
Country Thailand Vietnam China U.K. Korea Germany U.S.A. France Belgium Japan
2005 Value
204 89 23 8 2 32 4 42 16 7 697
2006 Value
475 151 45 1 16 35 8 29 17 11 1,178
2007 Value
431 192 77 42 64 43 19 26 11 11 1,324
2008 Value
569 248 136 54 48 42 40 22 18 16 1,604
Share
29.3% 12.8% 3.3% 1.1% 0.3% 4.6% 0.6% 6.0% 2.3% 1.0% 100%
Share
40.3% 12.8% 3.8% 0.1% 1.4% 3.0% 0.7% 2.5% 1.4% 0.9% 100%
Share
32.6% 14.5% 5.8% 3.2% 4.8% 3.2% 1.4% 2.0% 0.8% 0.8% 100%
Share
35.5% 15.5% 8.5% 3.4% 3.0% 2.6% 2.5% 1.4% 1.1% 1.0% 100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
2) Export status by item The most significant export items of Lao PDR are refined copper and copper alloys. Their exports amounted to $316.22 million in 2006, accounting for 26.8% of the country's total exports. Ranked second were sawn/chipped wood, the exports of which were worth $82.91 million. Exports of refined copper and copper alloys recorded the most conspicuous growth rate, but those of wood in the rough, women's wear and sawn/chipped wood contracted sharply.
20
Table 21 Lao PDR's Top 10 Exports

(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
HS Code 7403 4407 6110 6203 6109 6205 4403 7108 6204 4001
Commodity Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought Wood sawn/chipped lengthwise, sliced/peeled Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, knitted or crocheted Men's suits, jackets, trousers & shorts T-shirts, singlets and other vests, knitted or crocheted Men's shirts Wood in the rough Gold unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms Women's suits, jackets, dresses skirts & shorts Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha
2004 0 104,727 37,520 31,734 22,759 23,208 36,143 0 22,131 1,537
2005 77,098 117,498 36,435 28,107 26,423 25,425 35,273 6,367 20,248 4,224
2006 316,229 82,914 44,193 34,380 33,040 24,753 19,066 17,668 15,115 12,141
2008 Korea's import

3,124,498
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
288,351 321,393 609,700 458,628 145,991 838,829

1,284,402
773,868
1,003,034
3. Lao PDR-Korea trade

Bilateral trade between Korea and Lao PDR expanded from $41.08 million in 2006 to $106.15 million in 2008, recording average annual growth of 198.2%. Korea's export to Lao PDR increased by annual average of 151% from $23.32 million in 2006 to $53.18 million in 2008. Imports from Lao PDR climbed by annual average of 172.7% from $17.76 million to $52.96 million during the same period. Korea had a surplus in the bilateral trade in 2006, but it turned into a deficit in 2007, when import growth outpaced that of exports. The trade situation turned in Korea's favor again in 2008, when imports from Lao PDR contracted considerably. Figure 8 Trends in Korea's Trade with Lao PDR
(Unit:
1,000)
Value
2006 % change
-
Value
2007 % change
138.6% 296.0% -363.8%
Value
2008 % change
-4.4% -24.7% -101.5%
23,328 17,760 5,567
55,653 70,335 -14,683
53,187 52,965 222
21
(1) Korean exports to Lao PDR High on the list of top Korean exports to Lao PDR are various motor vehicles and related parts and accessories. Ranked first in 2008 were motor vehicles for the transport of goods whose exports amounted to $19.71 million. Second in rank were motor cars designed for the transport of persons, whose export volume was $15.09 million. Other items on the top 10 list included medicaments, electric accumulators, various steel products, and safety glass. Steel structures and medicaments emerged as items with particularly good prospects, with their export volume increasing significantly in 2008. Table 22 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Lao PDR
(Unit: 1,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
8704 8703 8708 8702 3004 4011 7308 8507 7216 7007
Commodity
Motor vehicles for the transport of goods Motor cars and vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles Motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons Medicaments New pneumatic tires, of rubber Structures Electric accumulators Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel Safety glass
Value
2007 % change
99.2% 112.6% 54.1% 195.6% -30.1% 94.6% 372.9% -
Value
2008 % change
-0.5% 33.4% 8.6% -40.3% 1,275.0% 37.3% 4,148.8% -34.4% -
19,808 11,320 2,869 5,145 115 828 19 1,159 0 0
19,713 15,095 3,117 3,071 1,576 1,137 796 760 741 527
(2) Korean imports from Lao PDR 1) Import status by industry Iron, steel and metals constituted the largest import sector in 2008, with their import volume standing at $29.95 million, accounting for 56.6% of total imports. But, this sector recorded considerable contraction from its amount of $67.16 million and share of 95.5% registered in 2007. In contrast, mineral product, $25 thousand in 2007, increased tremendously to $20.17 million in 2008, accounting for 38.1% of total imports. Imports of this sector are expected to continue to grow.
22
Ranked third and fourth were agricultural, forest, marine products and living ware, whose imports amounted to $2.18 million and $ 0.374 million, respectively. The other products remained at miniscule levels, so Lao PDR needs to diversify its export items and develop strategic items targeting the Korean market. Table 23 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Lao PDR
(Unit: 1,000, %)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Industrial sector
Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Mineral Product Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Living ware Textile & Apparel Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries Chemical Industry Manufactures Total
Value
67,169 25 2,950 0 190 0 0 70,335
2007 % change
372.7 69.5 -17.5 296.0
Share
95.5 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 100
Value
29,952 20,179 2,188 374 271 1 0 52,965
2008 % change
-55.4
79,139.1
Share
56.6 38.1 4.1 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 100
-25.8 42.4 -24.7
2) Import status by item Ranked first among the Korean imports from Lao PDR are refined copper and copper alloys, whose imports reached $29.95 million. They were followed by copper ores and concentrates whose imports were worth $20.17 million. In terms of import market shares, these two categories accounted for just 1% (8th) and 0.6% (13th). Various other products such as nuts, wood and apparel were among the top 10 imports. But, except for the items ranked first and second, these items were generally small in volume and low in market shares. Table 24 Top 10 Korean Imports from Lao PDR and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
7403 2603 0802 4409 8305 2402 4407 4402 6110 1211
Commodity
Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought Copper ores and concentrates Other nuts Wood Fittings for loose-leaf binders or files Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise Wood charcoal Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans and similar articles Plants and parts of plants
Total imports
3,124,498 3,514,025 92,043 85,917 10,850 12,484 288,351 61,991 321,393 53,866
Imports from Lao PDR Rank in Value Share market

29,951 20,179 752 607 363 277 200 164 162 89 1.0% 0.6% 0.8% 0.7% 3.3% 2.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 8 13 4 15 3 7 29 9 33 19

Chile Chile U.S.A. China China Japan Canada Indonesia China China
2nd
Philippines Australia China Indonesia Japan U.A.E. China China Italy Uzbek
3rd
Japan Indonesia Turkey Canada Lao PDR U.S.A. Malaysia Malaysia Vietnam Vietnam
23
5 Malaysia
1. General status
Rich in natural resources such as crude oil, natural gas, palm oil and tin, Malaysia has great potential for growth. Through intensive investment in infrastructure and improvement in its business environment, Malaysia is endeavoring to attract regional headquarters and logistics centers of multinational companies, ultimately trying to become an economic hub of Southeast Asia. Based on these efforts, the country is beginning to depart from its past trade pattern of relying on Singapore, while pursuing intermediary trade involving neighboring countries. Since the mid 1980s, Malaysia has actively implemented a policy to draw foreign investment. Consequently, about 4,000 multinational companies have advanced to Malaysia, turning the country into a place of competition for global companies leading world markets, particularly in manufacturing sectors such as electricity and electronics. Most of the foreign companies operating in Malaysia and many local companies are engaged in manufacturing activities focused on assembly for finished products. So, they are highly reliant on imports of capital goods such as machinery, intermediate products and components. Because of this situation, Malaysia is showing an industrial pattern traditionally displayed by processing trade-oriented countries where export growth automatically leads to increase in imports. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status Top foreign investors in Malaysia include Australia, the United States, and Japan. In 2008, Australia was the largest foreign investors in Malaysia, with $3,936 million. Japan, which was the largest investor in 2007, slipped to the third place in 2008, with its investment of $1,680 million. Korea invested $59 million in 2008, thus assuming the 14th spot, down from its previous 10th. Table 25 FDI Status in Malaysia (Based on Manufacturing Permits)
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 14
Country Australia U.S.A. Japan Germany Netherlands Korea
Total
2006 No. of Projects 20 38 81 15 13 18 607
Value 698 675 1,202 63 895 119 5,512
2007 No. of Projects 17 33 60 26 9 23 515
Value 490 878 1,896 1,092 491 325 9,717
2008 No. of Projects 20 22 63 19 19 9 521
Value 3,936 2,603 1,680 1,333 539 59 13,844
Source: MDA (Malaysian Industrial Development Authority), www.globalwindow.org
24
2. Trade trends
Malaysia was the 20th largest trading nation in the world in 2008, according to IMF statistics. Malaysia's exports grew 15.5% a year on average from $140,980 million in 2005 to $217,448 million in 2008. The imports expanded by 18.1% a year from $113,619 million in 2005 to $187,172 million in 2008. Malaysia is steadily maintaining its trade surplus, which increased from $27,361 million in 2005 to $30,276 million in 2008. Figure 9 Malaysia's Export and Import Trends
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Value
140,980 113,619 27,361
2006 Value
160,666 130,487 30,179
2007 Value
176,213 146,992 29,221
2008 Value
217,448 187,172 30,276
% change
11.4% 8.9% 23.3%
% change
14.0% 14.8% 10.3%
% change
9.7% 12.6% -3.2%
% change
23.4% 27.3% 3.6%
(1) Export status by country Malaysia's top export destination in 2008 was Singapore with transactions worth $29,416 million, an increase of 14.1% from 2007. Shipments to Singapore accounted for 14.7% of the total Malaysian exports. Singapore was followed by the United States, which absorbed 12.5% of the Malaysian exports by importing $24,936 million worth of products. Malaysian exports to Korea registered 18.1% growth a year on average, rising from $4,737 million in 2005 to $7,800 million in 2008. The products shipped to Korea represented 3.9% of the total Malaysian exports. Of the top 10 destinations, Japan showed highest growth in imports from Malaysia, which in 2008 amounted to $21,466 million, up 33.4% from the previous year.
25
Table 26 Malaysia's Top 10 Export Destinations

(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
Country
Singapore U.S.A. Japan China Thailand Hong kong Korea India Australia Netherlands
2005 Value Share

22,010 27,764 13,181 9,303 7,585 8,241 4,737 3,955 4,766 4,609
140,980
2006 Value Share

24,744 30,191 14,241 11,646 8,502 7,947 5,806 5,129 4,553 5,849
160,666
2007 Value Share

25,772 27,531 16,091 15,452 8,730 8,145 6,703 5,884 5,939 6,878
176,213
2008 Value Share

29,416 24,936 21,466 19,049 9,571 8,530 7,800 7,413 7,345 7,031
199,510
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
15.6% 19.7% 9.3% 6.6% 5.4% 5.8% 3.4% 2.8% 3.4% 3.3% 100%
15.4% 18.8% 8.9% 7.2% 5.3% 4.9% 3.6% 3.2% 2.8% 3.6% 100%
14.6% 15.6% 9.1% 8.8% 5.0% 4.6% 3.8% 3.3% 3.4% 3.9% 100%
14.7% 12.5% 10.8% 9.5% 4.8% 4.3% 3.9% 3.7% 3.7% 3.5% 100%
(2) Export status by item Malaysia's largest export items in 2007 were electronic integrated circuits whose exports were worth $23,354 million, or 13.3% of the total exports. Ranked second were automatic data processing machines with $16,168 million. Of the top 10 items, palm oil and its fraction showed the highest average annual growth rate of 38.6% during the 2005-2007 period, as their exports rose from $4,285 million to $8,235 million. Table 27 Malaysia's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
HS Code
8542 8471 8473 2709 2711 1511 2710 8525 8541 4001
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits and micro assemblies Automatic data processing machines; optical reader Parts & accessories of computers & office machines Crude petroleum oils Petroleum gases Palm oil & its fraction Petroleum oils, not crude Television camera, transmission appliance for radio-telephone Diodes/transistors & similar semiconductor devices Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha
2005
19,606 14,245 8,393 7,982 6,580 4,285 4,012 3,858 3,353 1,528
2006
21,032 16,322 11,102 8,886 7,672 5,203 5,233 4,854 3,801 2,247
2007
23,354 16,168 10,552 9,762 9,289 8,235 5,766 4,372 4,229 2,136
2008 Korea's import

25,881 3,631 2,345 85,855 24,893 225 17,081 804 3,778 1,003
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3. Malaysia-Korea trade
In March 2009, Malaysia was ranked 24th among Korea's export destinations, and eighth among the sources of imports. Bilateral trade increased by annual average of 13.9%
26
from $10,620 million in 2005 to $15,703 in 2008. Korea's exports to Malaysia climbed by annual average of 7.9% from $4,608 million to $5,794 million during the same period. Imports jumped by an average of 18.1% from $6,012 million to $9,909 million. Thus, Korea's deficit in its trade with Malaysia grew from $1,403 million in 2005 to $4,115 million in 2008. Figure 10 Trends in Korea's Trade with Malaysia
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Value % change

4,608 6,012 -1,403 2.9% 5.9% -
2006 Value % change

5,227 7,242 -2,015 13.4% 20.5% 43.6%
2007 Value % change

5,704 8,442 -2,738 9.1% 16.6% 35.9%
Value
2008 % change
1.6% 17.4% 50.3%
5,794 9,909 -4,115
(1) Korean exports to Malaysia Top Korean exports to Malaysia include electronic integrated circuits, liquid crystals, and telephone sets. Electronic integrated circuits were ranked first, with their export amount in 2008 reaching $908 million, or 15.7% of the total Korean exports to Malaysia. This amount, however, represented an 18.1% contraction from the previous year. In the second spot were liquid crystals, whose export amount was $542 million, or 9.4% of the total export volume. Table 28 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Malaysia
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HS Code 8542 9013 8517 8473 8534 8529 7209 8471
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits. Liquid crystal; lasers; other optical appliances and instruments. Telephone sets; other apparatus for the transmission or reception Parts and accessories suitable for typewriters and automatic data processing machines Printed Circuits. Parts suitable for use transmission apparatus and monitors and projectors. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel.
2007 Value % change 1,108 29.1% 271 251.2% 317 527 217 168 80 96 280 96 4,174.4% 22.1% 28.4% 201.2% 22.6% -67.4% 7,332.4% 2.3%
Value 908 542 314 274 246 197 175 148 134 124
2008 % change -18.1% 99.8% -0.9% -48.0% 13.5% 17.2% 119.9% 53.7% -52.0% 28.7%
Automatic data processing machines. Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television 8528 9 reception apparatus Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. 7210 10 Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)
27
(2) Korean imports from Malaysia 1) Import status by industry Mineral products constituted the largest import sector in 2008, with their imports worth $5,320 million accounting for 53.7% of total imports from Malaysia. They were followed by the electric and electronic articles sector, and the agriculture, forest and marine products sector, whose import volumes reached $2,489 million and $898 million, respectively. Imports of chemical industry manufactures jumped 44.5% from the previous year, recording the biggest growth rate, while imports of miscellaneous articles and machinery declined 47.9% and 31.6%, respectively. Table 29 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Malaysia
(Unit: $ 1,000,000, %)
2007 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Industrial sector Value

Mineral Product Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Chemical Industry Manufactures Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Machinery Articles Of Plastic Rubber Or Leather Textile & Apparel Living ware Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries 4,119 2,608 763 385 247 167 81 46 20 5 8,442
2008 Share
48.8 30.9 9.0 4.6 2.9 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 100
% change
25.4 2.8 22.5 5.5 40.8 28.5 38.1 1.7 4.4 94.6 16.6
Value
5,320 2,489 898 556 349 114 96 63 22 2 9,909
% change
29.1 -4.6 17.7 44.5 41.4 -31.6 17.5 35.8 8.9 -47.9 17.4
Share
53.7 25.1 9.1 5.6 3.5 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.03 100
Total
2) Import status by item Of the products imported from Malaysia, petroleum gases were ranked first in value terms, with their import amount standing at $3.456 million, or 13.9% of total imports in 2008. Of the top 10 items, tin showed the highest import growth rate of 85.8% compared with 2007. In value terms, petroleum gases recorded the largest increase of $1,017 million.
28
Table 30 Top 10 Korean Imports from Malaysia and Their Import Market Shares
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2711 8542 2709 2710 8517 4412 1511 8541 4001 8001
Commodity Petroleum gases and hydrocarbons. Electronic integrated circuits. Petroleum oils and oils Petroleum oils and oils; waste oils. Telephone; other apparatus for the transmission or reception Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood. Palm oil and its fractions. Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor devices. Natural rubber and similar natural gums. Unwrought tin.
Total imports
24,893 25,881 85,855 17,081 5,218 544 225 3,778 1,003 331
Imports from Malaysia Value Share Rank in market

3,456 1,320 1,241 604 313 237 210 159 154 154 13.9% 5.1% 1.4% 3.5% 6.0% 43.6% 93.3% 4.2% 15.4% 46.5% 3 6 11 8 4 1 1 6 3 1
(Unit: $ 1,000,000) Top 3 countries in share 1st

Qatar
Singapore
2nd
Oman Taiwan U.A.E. Saudi Arabia U.S.A. China
Indonesia
3rd
Malaysia China Kuwait U.A.E. Japan
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia India China Malaysia Malaysia Japan Thailand Malaysia
U.S.A. Taiwan Malaysia Thailand
China
Indonesia Indonesia
Table 31 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Malaysia

HS Code
4412102000 4412311000
Commodity
Floorboard of bamboo Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness less than 3.2 mm Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness less than 4 mm but not less than 3.2 mm Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness less than 6 mm but not less than 4 mm Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness less than 10 mm but not less than 6 mm Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness less than 12 mm but not less than 10 mm Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness less than 15 mm but not less than 12 mm Plywood - With at least one outer ply of tropical wood - Of a thickness not less than 15 mm Plywood - with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood - Of a thickness less than 3.2 mm Plywood - with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood - Of a thickness less than 6 mm but not less than 4 mm Plywood - with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood - Of a thickness less than 10 mm but not less than 6 mm Plywood - with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood - Of a thickness less than 12 mm but not less than 10 mm
Total imports
2 39
Imports from Malaysia Rank in Value Share market

0.002 34 0.1% 87.0% 4 1

China
Malaysia
2nd
U.S.A.
Indonesia
3rd
Indonesia
China
4412312000
83.8%
Malaysia
Indonesia
India
4412313000
54
46
85.5%
Malaysia
Indonesia
China
4412314000
108
37
34.3%
Indonesia
Malaysia
China
4412315000
105
76
72.4%
Malaysia
China
Indonesia
4412
4412316000
31
10
31.0%
China
Malaysia
Indonesia
4412317000
20 0.9
6 0.8
27.2% 85.7%
2 1
China
Malaysia
Malaysia
Indonesia
4412321000
China
Germany
4412323000
0.4
28.7%
Indonesia
Malaysia
China
4412324000
36
4.3%
Finland
Latvia
Russia
4412325000
53.4%
Malaysia
China
Myanmar
29
HS Code
4412326000
Commodity
Plywood - with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood - Of a thickness less than 15 mm but not less than 12 mm Plywood - with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood - Of a thickness not less than 15 mm Plywood - With both outer ply of coniferous wood - Of a thickness less than 6 mm Plywood - With both outer ply of coniferous wood - Other Plywood - Other - Of a thickness less than 6 mm Plywood - Other - Other Blockboard Laminboard Other - With at least one ply of tropical wood - Of a whole thickness not less than 6 mm, with each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness Plywood - Other - Of a whole thickness not less than 6 mm, with each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness Plywood - Other - Other Other Veneered panels and similar laminated wood Floorboard Of a whole thickness not less than 6 mm, with each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness Other Veneered panels and similar laminated wood - Other - Of a whole thickness not less than 6 mm, with each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness Crude oil Palm olein Palm stearin Other palm oil and its fractions Tin, not alloyed Tin alloys
Total imports
19
Imports from Malaysia Rank in Value Share market

0.02 0.1% 7

Finland
2nd
Latvia
3rd
China
4412327000
14
0.1
0.8%
Finland
Latvia
Russia
4412391010
1 1 0.4 4 18 13 16
1 0.5 0.2 0.3 1 10 5
92.8% 53.3% 63.1% 7.9% 6.6% 73.1% 32.2%
1 1 1 2 3 1 2
Malaysia
China Finland China

Malaysia
Russia Chile
Germany Germany
Malaysia
4412391090 4412399010 4412399090 4412941000 4412942000
Malaysia Malaysia
China
Indonesia
China
Indonesia
Malaysia
China China
4412992010
Indonesia
Malaysia
4412999191
2 0.5 14
1 0.01 2
43.8% 17.9% 11.3%
1 3 2
Malaysia
Indonesia
China
Malaysia
4412999199
Japan China
China
Malaysia
4412999211
Indonesia
4412999291
1 0.8 39 45 140 319 12
0.01 0.4 39 45 126 154 0.1
1.0% 52.2% 99.9% 99.3% 90.1% 48.2% 0.5%
2 1 1 1 1 1 5
China
Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia
Germany
Malaysia
Netherlands
1511100000 1511901000
U.S.A. Brazil
Singapore
Thailand Colombia
Netherlands
1511
1511902000 1511909000 8001100000
Indonesia Indonesia
Philippines
Colombia Thailand
8001
8001200000
Japan
30
6 Myanmar
1. General status
Primary industries like agriculture, mining and forestry constitute the backbone of Myanmar's economy. With brisk offshore gas mine development in recent years, the resources development sector is leading the nation's economy along with the traditional industries of agriculture, fishery and forestry. The agriculture and fisheries industry assumes a significant portion of Myanmar's GDP and plays an important role in earning foreign currency. Principal export products are crustaceans, including shrimps, and various kinds of fish. In November 2006, Myanmar announced a plan to develop special economic zones to attract foreign investment. Concrete execution of the plan has been under way since late 2007, which prompted predictions that foreign investment will gradually increase. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status The main investors in Myanmar include Thailand, China and the United Kingdom. As of 2008, China was the largest investor with its FDI capital of $856 million. China was also the largest investor in 2006 when it invested $281 million in Myanmar. Thailand topped the list of investors in 2005 with its investment of $6,034 million. Korea's investment remained at quite low levels, reaching $37 million in 2006 and $12 million in 2007. Table 32 FDI Status in Myanmar
(Unit: 1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value Thailand U.K. China Korea Total 6,034.4 0 0.7 0 6,065.7 Share 99.5% 0% 0% 0% 100% Value
2006 Share 0 240.7 281.2 37.0 752.7 0% 32.0% 37.4% 4.9% 100% Value
2007 Share 9.4% 0% 0% 6.9% 100% Value
2008 Share 0 0 856.0 0 985.0 0% 0% 86.9% 0% 100%
16.2 0 0 12.0 172.7
Source: KOTRA (Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency) Note: based on fiscal year (Apr.1 - Mar.31)
31
2. Trade trends
Myanmar's annual trade expanded from $7,275 million in 2005 to $13,561 million in 2008, registering an average annual growth rate of 23.1%. The country's trade volume is predicted to continue to grow for years to come. A detailed review of Myanmar's trade status shows that the country's exports rose from $3,706 million in 2005 to $6,566 million in 2008, recording an annual increase of 21% on average. The imports jumped 25.1% a year on average from $3,569 million in 2005 to $6,995 million in 2008. Myanmar recorded trade surplus for two years in a row in 2005 and 2006. In 2007, however, the surplus turned into a deficit due to a substantial increase in imports. Figure 11 Myanmar's Export and Import Trends
(Unit:
1,000,000)
2005 Value 3,706 3,569 137 % change 17.4% 3.4% -146.8% Value
2006 % change 18.2% 7.8% 289.8% Value 4,382 3,848 534
2007 % change 8.5% 43.5% -243.4% Value 4,754 5,520 -766
2008 % change 38.1% 26.7% 43.9% 6,566 6,995 -430
(1) Export status 1) Export status by country Thailand was the top destination for Myanmar exports in 2008, followed by India, China and Japan. Myanmar's exports to Thailand amounted to $3,447 million, which accounted for 51.8% of the country's total exports. Second ranked was India with $833 million or 12.5% of the total Myanmar exports. In 2008, Korea was in the sixth place with $106 million, or 1.6% of the total Myanmar exports. Myanmar needs to develop strategic products targeting Korea.
32
Table 33 Myanmar's Top 10 Export Destinations

(Unit: 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Country
Thailand India China Japan Malaysia Korea Germany Singapore Bangladesh Vietnam
2005 Value
1,623 451 249 185 122 51 102 99 29 42 3,706
2006 Value
2,136 653 230 226 114 88 115 63 24 59 4,479
2007 Value
2,105 730 337 269 127 73 110 56 27 69 4,794
2008 Value
3,447 833 586 288 162 106 91 80 76 69 6,650
Share
43.8% 12.2% 6.7% 5.0% 3.3% 1.4% 2.8% 2.7% 0.8% 1.1% 100%
Share
47.7% 14.6% 5.1% 5.0% 2.5% 2.0% 2.6% 1.4% 0.5% 1.3% 100%
Share
43.9% 15.2% 7.0% 5.6% 2.6% 1.5% 2.3% 1.2% 0.6% 1.4% 100%
Share
51.8% 12.5% 8.8% 4.3% 2.4% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 100%
Total
2) Export status by item Myanmar's major export items include petroleum gases, dried vegetables, wood in the rough and various garments. Petroleum gases were ranked first in value terms for three consecutive years from 2004, followed by dried vegetables and wood in the rough. Exports of petroleum gases were worth $2,018.56 million, accounting for 34.1% of the total export amount. Ranked second were dried vegetables whose exports amounted to $594.77 million, or 13.6% of total exports. They were followed by wood in the rough in third with $544.55 million, or 12.4% of total exports. Table 34 Myanmar's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
HS Code 2711 0713 4403 0306 4407 7403 6203 2709 6205 7103
Commodity
Petroleum gases Dried vegetables, shelled Wood in the rough Crustaceans Wood (sawn/chipped lengthwise) Refined copper and copper alloys Men's suits, jackets, trousers & shorts Crude petroleum oils Men's shirts Precious & semi-precious stone, not strung
2004
1,079,713 238,835 486,419 140,408 105,169 62,921 97,630 58,511 40,625
2005
1,493,221 335,801 561,493 139,336 143,050 102,124 70,857 68,918 57,720 38,061
2006
2,018,560 594,773 544,558 150,994 97,702 87,556 80,508 80,438 66,883 60,652
2008 Korea's import

24,892,560 27,437 838,829 456,435 288,351 3,124,498 609,700 85,855,363 145,991 2,922
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
33
3. Myanmar-Korea trade
Trade between Korea and Myanmar rose by annual average of 28.5% from $217.74 million in 2006 to $360.06 million in 2008. Korea's exports to Myanmar rose from $121.31 million in 2006 to $243.81 million in 2008, registering annual growth of 41.8% on average. Imports from Myanmar rose 9.8% a year on average from $96.43 million to $116.25 million during the same period. Korea maintained its trade surplus, but the margin declined sharply due to considerable growth in imports in 2008. Figure 12 Trends in Korea's Trade with Myanmar
(Unit:
1,000)
2006 Class. Value Export Import Balance 121,311 96,433 24,877 % change Value
2007 % change 140.7% -16.3% 749.3% Value
2008 % change -16.5% 44.1% -39.6%
291,981 80,689 211,292
243,815 116,254 127,561
(1) Korean exports to Myanmar Principal Korean exports to Myanmar are mostly steel products, machinery, and intermediate materials. Noteworthy are semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, which were ranked first with the export amount of $44.51 million in 2008. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel (cold rolled) registered the fast growth rate as their exports amounted to $7.1 million in 2008.
34
Table 35 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Myanmar

(Unit: 1,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code 7207 8429 7214 3902 4107 3921 5807 7210 5407 7209
Commodity Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel Self-propelled bulldozers, angle dozers, graders, levellers Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel Polymers of propylene or of other olefins, in primary forms Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting Other plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of plastics Labels, badges and similar articles of textile materials Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 or more, clad, plated or coated Woven fabrics of synthetic filament yarn Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 or more(cold rolled)
2007 Value 21,345 3,338 7,845 7,638 5,563 8,053 7,639 506 % change 87.7% -58.0% 14.4% 35.1% 35.7% 72.7% -1.9% -49.6% Value
2008 % change 10.2% 256.0% 29.0% 24.1% 42.8% -1.8% -5.9% 1,305.7%
44,515 23,518 13,845 11,884 10,117 9,477 7,946 7,904 7,189 7,107
(2) Korean imports from Myanmar 1) Import status by industry Minerals made up the largest import sector in 2008, with their imports reaching $65.91 million or 56.7% of total imports. Ranked second and third were the textile & apparel sector and the agriculture, forest and marine products sector, which accounted for 26.2% and 14.9% of total imports, respectively. Minerals marked substantial growth in their import market share and import volume, while textile & apparel as well as agriculture, forest and marine products registered negative growth in both categories. Future developments involving these sectors merit attention. The above-mentioned three sectors account for more than 92% of total imports. This situation prompts the need for Myanmar to diversify export items targeting the Korean market.
35
Table 36 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Myanmar

(Unit: 1,000, %)
Rank
Industrial sector Mineral Product Textile & Apparel Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Living ware Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries Machinery Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Chemical Industry Manufactures Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
Value 26,126 30,424 21,221 1,177 1,100 44 211 91 140 154 80,689
2007 % change -48.5 65.1 -16.6 -3.2

27,490,150.0
-0.3 -32.6 58.1 1,226.2 -15.0 -16.3
Share 32.4 37.7 26.3 1.5 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 100
Value 65,918 30,492 17,312 1,366 506 309 194 134 20 3

116,254
2008 % change 152.3 0.2 -18.4 16.0 -54.0 603.2 -8.1 48.1 -86.1 -98.2 44.1
Share 56.7 26.2 14.9 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 100
2) Import status by item Ranked first among the Korean imports from Myanmar were petroleum gases and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, the imports of which amounted to $65.85 million in 2008. Despite being the leading import items, these products accounted for just 0.08% of the Korean import market. In contrast, dried leguminous vegetables accounted for 16.5% of the Korean import market, holding the second highest market share among the foreign imports. Also worthy of note are swimwear, and track and ski suits, which held the third highest share in the Korean import market. Table 37 Top 10 Korean Imports from Myanmar and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2709 6211 6204 6203 6202 6201 0713 4412 0306 1005
Commodity
Petroleum oils and oils Track suits, ski suits and swimwear Women's or girls' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers Women's or girls' overcoats, car-coats, capes, cloaks Men's or boys' overcoats, car-coats, capes, cloaks Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood Crustaceans Maize (corn)
Total imports
85,855,363 230,932 773,868 609,700 258,817 159,531 27,437 544,175 456,435
2,819,964
Imports from Myanmar Rank in Value Share market

65,856 6,311 5,486 5,398 5,319 4,742 4,553 3,294 2,627 1,182 0.08% 2.7% 0.7% 0.8% 2.0% 2.9% 16.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.04% 21 3 8 6 4 4 2 10 16 8

Saudi Arabia China China China China China China
Malaysia
2nd
U.A.E. Vietnam Italy Italy Italy Italy
Myanmar
3rd
Kuwait
Myanmar
U.S.A. Vietnam Vietnam Vietnam Canada

Indonesia
China Russia India
China U.S.A.
Vietnam Brazil
36
Table 38 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Myanmar

(Unit: 1,000)
HS Code
0713200000 0713339000 0713 0713390000 0713900000
Commodity
Chickpeas (garbanzos) Other Kidney beans Other Beans (Dried) Other
Total imports
62 5,839 2,549 52
Imports from Myanmar Rank in Value Share market

10 2,149 2,390 3 16.1% 36.8% 93.8% 5.8% 3 1 1 3

India Myanmar Myanmar China
2nd
Australia Canada Uzbek India
3rd
Myanmar China Thailand Myanmar
37
7 Philippines
1. General status
With a population of more than 90 million, and rich in natural and marine resources, the Philippines show a multi-faceted economic structure. The service sector makes up a significant portion of the national economy, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, whereas manufacturing and construction sectors constitute 29.6%. With the aim of developing its rich mineral and other natural resources, the Philippines is actively trying to attract foreign investment. In a related move, the Philippine government has announced a plan to invest in infrastructure, thus helping to form a favorable environment for future economic growth. In an effort to strengthen ties with its neighbors, the Philippines have joined the regional cooperative body of ASEAN. With this as a pillar in its diplomacy, the Philippines is exerting efforts to ensure regional security and promote trade, while actively participating in activities of a number of international organizations and forums like APEC, ASEM and the United Nations. Manufacturing exports of the Philippines are increasing significantly as a result of its implementation of the EPZs (Export Processing Zone) system with attendant tax and customs benefits for companies setting up in the zones. In addition, exports by foreign-invested multinational corporations are also showing an upward trend. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status Foreign direct investment in the Philippines expanded by an average of 69.5% a year from $667 million in 2003 to $3,253 million in 2006. In 2006, Korea emerged as the largest investor in the Philippines with an FDI capital of $1,065 million, which accounted for 32.8% of the total amount of FDI the country attracted in that year. Table 39 FDI Status in the Philippines
(Unit: 1,000,000)
2003 Class. Korea U.S.A. Japan China Total

Value (% change) 14 (-) 205 (-) 173 (-) 6 (-) Share 2.1% 30.7% 26.0% 0.9% 667
2004
Value (% change) 64 (357.9%) 532 (159.9%) 521 (200.9%) 2 (-59.4%) Share 1.9% 15.6% 15.3% 0.1% 3,410
2005
Value (% change) 212 (232.1%) 292 (-45.0%) 540 (3.5%) 4 (54.0%) Share 11.3% 15.6% 28.7% 0.2% 1,879
2006
Value (% change) 1065 (401.7%) 749 (156.2%) 393 (-27.1%) 352 (9144.3%) Share 32.8% 23.0% 12.1% 10.8% 3,253
Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (Philippines)
38
2. Trade trends
The Philippines' overseas trade recorded high annual growth of 16.9% during the 2005-2008 period, rising from $88,644 million to $141,481 million. A detailed review shows that the country's exports went up from $41,224 million in 2005 to $64,572 million in 2008, recording 16.1% annual growth on average. The imports rose by an average of 17.5% from $47,420 million to $76,909 million during the same period. With its exports and imports both on the rise, the Philippines' foreign trade has been increasing significantly in recent years. Figure 13 Philippines's Export and Import Trends
(Unit:
1,000,000)
2005 Value
41,224 47,420 -6,196
2006 Value
46,991 51,539 -4,548
2007 Value
50,483 55,514 -5,031
2008 Value
64,572 76,909 -12,337
% change
3.9% 7.7% 42.3%
% change
14.0% 8.7% -26.6%
% change
7.4% 7.7% 10.6%
% change
27.9% 38.5% -145.2%
(1) Export status 1) Export status by country As of 2008, the United States was the largest destination for Philippine exports, with transactions of $8,216 million, which accounted for 16.78% of the total exports of the Philippines. The United States was followed by Japan with $7,707 million, or 15.7%, and China with $5,469 million, or 11.1%. Ranked seventh, Korea in 2008 imported $2,523 million worth of Philippine products, which represented 5.1% of the total Philippine exports. Assuming over 3% share every year, Korea is being firmly established as one of the top 10 export destinations of the Philippines.
39
Korea recorded the most conspicuous increase in its imports from the Philippines which soared 22.0% a year on average from $1,391 million in 2005 to $2,523 million in 2008. In contrast, Philippine exports to the Malaysia dwindled sharply from $2,457 million in 2005 to $1,958 million in 2008. Table 40 Philippines's Top 10 Export Destinations
(Unit: 1,000,000)
Rank
Country
U.S.A. Japan China Hong Kong Netherlands Singapore Korea Germany Malaysia Thailand
2005 Value Share

7,429 7,203 4,077 3,339 4,032 2,706 1,391 1,346 2,457 1,169 41,224 18.0% 17.5% 9.9% 8.1% 9.8% 6.6% 3.4% 3.3% 6.0% 2.8% 100%
2006 Value Share

8,608 7,741 4,617 3,676 4,753 3,449 1,408 1,775 2,616 1,325 46,991 18.3% 16.5% 9.8% 7.8% 10.1% 7.3% 3.0% 3.8% 5.6% 2.8% 100%
2007 Value Share

8,601 7,304 5,750 5,804 4,150 3,139 1,784 2,149 2,507 1,403 50,483 17.0% 14.5% 11.4% 11.5% 8.2% 6.2% 3.5% 4.3% 5.0% 2.8% 100%
2008 Value Share

8,216 7,707 5,469 4,987 3,708 2,607 2,523 2,440 1,958 1,509 49,148 16.7% 15.7% 11.1% 10.1% 7.5% 5.3% 5.1% 5.0% 4.0% 3.1% 100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
2) Export status by item Top ranked among the leading exports of the Philippines in 2006 were electronic integrated circuits and micro assemblies, whose exports amounted to $9,036.65 million, accounting for 19.2% of the nation's total exports. The amount, however, was down by a large margin from $12,966 million recorded in 2004. In the second place were diodes and transistors, the exports of which were worth $7,936.24 million, or 16.9% of total exports. Of the principal exports, the diodes and transistors sector recorded highest annual growth of 186.6% on average from 2004 to 2006. Table 41 Philippines's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
HS Code
8542 8541 8471 8473 8708 8531 7403 2710 8544 8536
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits and micro assemblies Diodes/transistors&sim semiconductor devices Automatic data processing machines; optical reader Parts & accessories of computers & office machines Parts & accessories of motor vehicles Electric sound/visual signaling appliance (e.g. bell/siren, fire alarms) Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought Petroleum oils, not crude Insulated wire/cable
2004
12,966,017
2005
8,322,186 6,682,752 4,080,655 3,600,299 1,355,131 2,058,345 361,750 585,750 814,239 539,041
2006
9,036,650 7,936,240 4,666,077 3,370,014 1,400,325 1,296,475 1,232,671 918,296 905,428 756,241
2008 Korea's import

25,881,225
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2,278,229 4,238,488 3,251,826 1,172,333 1,918,433 412,925 383,552 890,966 472,464
3,778,070 3,630,936 2,345,157 3,408,493 1,971,560 3,124,498

17,080,908
1,705,002 1,861,188
Electrical appliance for switching (ex fuse, switch) not exceeding 1000 volt Source: International Trade Centre (ITC)
40
3. Philippines-Korea trade
Trade between Korea and the Philippines jumped from $6,118 million in 2006 to $8,115 million in 2008, registering average annual growth of 115.2%. During the same period, exports rose 122.7% a year on average from $3,931 million to $5,016 million. Imports from the Philippines expanded by annual average of 119% from $2,187 million in 2006 to $3,099 million in 2008. The 2008 figure represented 27.1% growth compared with the previous year. Korea maintained a surplus in its trade with the Philippines, with exports registering higher growth rates than imports. However, the surplus margin dwindled due to a great jump in imports. Figure 14 Trends in Korea's Trade with Philippines
(Unit:
1,000)
2006 Value 3,931 2,187 1,744 % change Value
2007 % change 12.4% 11.5% 13.6% Value 4,420 2,438 1,982
2008 % change 13.5% 27.1% -3.3% 5,016 3,099 1,917
(1) Korean exports to the Philippines Electronic integrated circuits were the leading sector of Korean exports to the Philippines in 2008, with their exports standing at $1,203.78 million. In the second spot were petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, the export volume of which reached $889.37 million. Other top 10 Korean exports included telephone sets, flat-rolled iron products, motor cars designed for the transport of persons, and printed circuits. Exports of telephone sets in 2007 reached $185.82 million, recording a phenomenal increase of 13,545.7% from 2006. These products merit attention with regard to their potential for export growth.
41
Table 42 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Philippines

(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
HS Code
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals Telephone sets Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel Copper wire Motor cars and vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 or more, clad, plated Electrical capacitors, fixed, variable or adjustable Structures Printed circuits
2007
Value % change Value
2008
% change
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8542 2710 8517 7208 7408 8703 7210 8532 7308 8534
1,177,217 683,922 185,826 38,946 120,372 111,812 74,084 70,103 48,818 62,468
-14.9% 63.1% 13,545.7% 251.2% 53.0% 43.6% 20.4% 191.1% 389.6% -22.1%
1,203,785 889,377 145,763 145,307 121,066 110,443 96,666 79,422 71,918 64,409
2.3% 30.0% -21.6% 273.1% 0.6% -1.2% 30.5% 13.3% 47.3% 3.1%
(2) Korean imports from the Philippines 1) Import status by industry Electrical and electronic articles constituted the leading sector of goods imported from the Philippines in 2008. Their imports were worth $1,518 million, which accounted for 49% of total imports. However, compared with 2007, this sector represented a decrease of about $8 million in value terms, and 13.6% in terms of share in total imports. In contrast, imports of second-ranked steel and metal products soared from $384 million in 2007 to $830 million in 2008. Consequently, their share in total imports increased from 15.8% to 26.8%. Table 43 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Philippines
(Unit: 1,000,000, %)
Rank
Industrial sector Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Agricultural, Forest, Marine products Mineral Product Chemical Industry Manufactures Machinery Textile & Apparel Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Living ware Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
Value 1,526 384 366 39 51 24 29 11 7 1 2,438
2007 % change 7.4 18.5 9.2 140.4 57.9 6.9 69.9 6 -2.2 62.2 11.5
Share 62.6 15.8 15.0 1.6 2.1 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 100
Value 1,518 830 429 165 72 34 30 14 6 1 3,099
2008 % change -0.5 115.9 17.3 320.9 41.3 46.6 4.3 23.6 -3.7 -23.2 27.1
Share 49.0 26.8 13.9 5.3 2.3 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 100
42
2) Import status by item Electronic integrated circuits ranked first among the goods imported from the
Philippines, with their import volume reaching $903.69 million in 2008. They were followed by refined copper and copper alloys whose imports amounted to $630.04 million. In terms of import market shares, however, electronic integrated circuits were placed behind refined copper and copper alloys. The former accounted for 3.5% of the Korean import market, being ranked 7th, while the latter held a 20.2% share to be ranked second. In 2008, banana and tobacco imports had a total $153.76 million and $58.62 million, respectively. Although small in their import volume, bananas accounted for 99.8% of the Korean import market, and tobacco held an impressive share of 75.6%. Other top 10 import items include diodes and transistors, ferrous waste and scrap, and oil cakes. Except for petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these principal items mostly belonged to the top 10 in terms of their respective Korean import market shares. Table 44 Top 10 Korean Imports from Philippines and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: 1,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4
HS Code
8542 7403 0803 8541
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought Bananas, including plantains, fresh or dried Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor devices Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude Parts and accessories Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel Oil-cake and other solid residues Copper waste and scrap Tobacco and substitutes
Total imports
25,881,225 3,124,498 154,033 3,778,070
Imports from Philippines Rank in Value Share market

903,692 630,043 153,763 91,300 3.5% 20.2% 99.8% 2.4% 7 2 1 7

Singapore Chile Philippines Japan Saudi Arabia China U.S.A. India U.S.A. Philippines
2nd
Taiwan Philippines Mexico China
3rd
China Japan Ecuador Taiwan
5 6 7 8 9 10
2709 8473 7204 2306 7404 2403
85,855,363 2,345,157 4,562,050 411,906 1,427,493 77,554
85,032 79,726 76,420 64,541 63,977 58,627
0.1% 3.4% 1.7% 15.7% 4.5% 75.6%
20 5 6 3 7 1
U.A.E. U.S.A. Japan Indonesia South Africa Malaysia
Kuwait Taiwan Russia Philippines U.K. Japan
43
Table 45 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from the Philippines

(Unit: 1,000)
HS Code
Commodity
Total imports
154,033 61,494 2,708,279 103,429
Imports from Philippines Value

153,763 58,627 630,043 64,541

Philippines Philippines Chile Philippines
Share
99.8% 95.3% 23.3% 62.4%
Rank in market
1 1 2 1
2nd
Mexico Germany Philippines Indonesia
3rd
Ecuador India Zambia China
0803 2403 7403 2306
0803000000 2403109000 7403110000 2306500000
Bananas, including plantains, fresh or dried Other Pipe tobacco Cathodes and sections of cathodes Of coconut or copra
44
8 Singapore
1. General status
As the biggest market in Southeast Asia, Singapore is playing a role as a production and circulation base for world-class multinational companies. Its main trade items are electronics components, including semiconductors, and computer parts. Trade with Korea is also centered on these products. Singapore also functions as an 'intermediary trade' center, re-exporting about 40% of its imports. Under its free trade policy, nearly all the products are traded without tariffs, except for four major categories of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, automobiles and oil products, which are subject to special consumption taxes. Between Korea and Singapore, all the products are traded free of tariffs because of the bilateral Free Trade Agreement that went into effect in March 2006. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status Foreign direct investment in Singapore steadily increased by annual average of 15.1% during the 2003-2006 period, climbing from $147,961 million to $225,530 million. By nation, the United Kingdom topped the list of foreign investors in 2006, with its FDI capital of $34,312 million. Korea's investment amounted to $1,030 million, accounting for 0.5% of the total. Table 46 FDI Status in Singapore
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2003 Class. Value (% change) Share
2004 Value (% change) Share
2005 Value (% change) Share
2006 Value Share (% change)
U.K. U.S.A. Korea Total
22,397 22,151 989 147,961
15.1% 15.0% 0.7% 100%
26,885 (20.0%) 27,636 (24.8%) 518 (-47.6%) 174,997 (18.3%)
15.4% 15.8% 0.3% 100%
29,800 (10.8%) 27,255 (-1.4%) 762 (47.1%) 196,518 (12.3%)
15.2% 13.9% 0.4% 100%
34,312 (15.1%) 30,059 (10.3%) 1,030 (35.2%) 225,530 (14.8%)
15.2% 13.3% 0.5% 100%
Source: Department of Statistics, Foreign Equity Investment in Singapore, 2006, Yearbook of Statistics, 2008
2. Trade trends
As of 2008, Singapore was the world's 16th largest trading nation, according to IMF statistics.
45
Singapore's exports grew by 13.9% a year on average, rising from $229,708 million in 2005 to $339,414 million in 2008. The imports climbed by an average of 16.9% from $200,197 million to $319,779 million. Singapore's trade surplus went up sharply from $29,511 million in 2005 to $36,538 million in 2007. However, it shrank by 46.3% to $19,635 million in 2008. Figure 15 Singapore's Export and Import Trends
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Value % change 229,708 15.5% 200,197 15.9% 29,511 12.6%
2006 Value % change 272,549 18.7% 238,799 19.2% 33,750 14.3%
2007 Value % change 299,871 10.0% 263,333 10.3% 36,538 8.2%
2008 Value % change 339,414 13.2% 319,779 21.4% 19,635 -46.3%
(1) Export status by country Singapore's top export destination is Malaysia. Singaporean exports to Malaysia in 2008 increased 5.9% from the previous year to $40,912 million, which represented 12.1% of Singapore's total exports. Malaysia was followed by Indonesia (with $35,747 million), Hong Kong (with $35,098 million), China, the United States and Japan. One of the major destinations for Singaporean exports, Korea in 2008 imported $12,291 million worth of goods, absorbing 3.6% of the total Singaporean exports. Table 47 Singapore's Top 10 Export Destinations
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
Country Malaysia Indonesia Hong kong China U.S.A. Japan Australia Thailand Korea India
2005 Value 30,405 22,109 21,570 19,752 23,880 12,536 8,429 9,431 8,053 5,897 229,708 Share 13.2% 9.6% 9.4% 8.6% 10.4% 5.5% 3.7% 4.1% 3.5% 2.6% 100%
2006 Value 35,537 24,901 27,571 26,514 27,622 14,855 10,186 11,313 8,736 7,673 272,549 Share 13.0% 9.1% 10.1% 9.7% 10.1% 5.5% 3.7% 4.2% 3.2% 2.8% 100%
2007 Value 38,626 29,467 31,335 28,927 26,643 14,389 11,191 12,390 10,609 10,000 299,871 Share 12.9% 9.8% 10.4% 9.6% 8.9% 4.8% 3.7% 4.1% 3.5% 3.3% 100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
2008 Value Share 40,912 12.1% 35,747 10.5% 35,098 10.3% 31,125 9.2% 24,196 7.1% 16,710 4.9% 13,876 4.1% 13,193 3.9% 12,291 3.6% 11,962 3.5% 339,414 100%
46
Of the 10 major export destinations, India most rapidly increased its share. Its imports from Singapore jumped from $5,897 million in 2005 to $11,962 million in 2008, recording 26.6% growth a year on average. In value terms, Indonesia registered the largest growth margin. Its imports from Singapore in 2008 were worth $35,747 million, up by $13,638 million from 2005. (2) Export status by item Electronic integrated circuits made up the biggest export sector in 2006, with their export amount standing at $62,776 million, or 21% of total exports. They were followed by petroleum oils, the exports of which reached $39,697 million, accounting for 13.3% of total exports. Of the top 10 items, printing machinery parts recorded the highest growth rate, as their exports went up from a meager $143 million in 2006 to $20,258 million in 2006. Table 48 Singapore's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
8542 2710 8443 8517 8471 8541 3004 8523 2922 8431
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits and micro assemblies Petroleum oils, not crude Printing machinery Electric app for line telephone, including current line system Automatic data processing machines Diodes/transistors & similar semiconductor devices Medicament mixtures, put in dosage Prepared unrecorded media for sound record (tapes) Oxygen-function amino-compounds Machinery part (product group 84.25 to 84.30)
2005
48,572 26,561 112 1,884 15,559 4,946 1,801 1,286 2,233 2,931
2006
61,223 33,848 143 1,802 12,992 6,334 3,796 1,818 2,106 3,203
2007
62,776 39,697 20,258 9,960 9,788 6,923 4,866 4,837 4,442 4,062
2008 Korea's import

25,881 17,081 1,638 5,218 3,631 3,778 1,931 2,243 238 672
3. Singapore-Korea trade
In March 2009, Singapore was Korea's fifth largest export destination, and 13th largest source of imports. Trade between Korea and Singapore expanded by annual average of 24.7% during the 2005-2008, rising from $12,725 million to $24,655 million. The trade balance was in favor of Korea, whose surplus increased by yearly average of 56% from $2,089 million in 2004 to $7,931 million in 2008.
47
Figure 16 Trends in Korea's Trade with Singapore
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Value % 7,407 5,318 2,089
change 31.0% 19.2% 75.1%
2006 Value % 9,489 5,887 3,603
change 28.1% 10.7% 72.5%
2007 Value % 11,949 6,860 5,090
change 25.9% 16.5% 41.3%
2008 Value % 16,293 8,362 7,931
change 36.4% 21.9% 55.8%
(1) Korean exports to Singapore Three sectors: petroleum oil and oil products, vessels, and electronic integrated circuits accounted for 74.3% of the total Korean exports to Singapore in 2008. Exports of petroleum oil amounted to $4,469 million, or 27.4% of the total export volume. Vessels were ranked second with their export amount reaching $4,201, or 25.8% of the total. Electronic integrated circuits slipped from first to third, as their export amount decreased 12.3% from 2007 to $3,438 million. Table 49 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Singapore
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2710 8901 8542 8517 8473 7108 8544 8419 7901 7208
Commodity
Petroleum oil and oil products; waste oils. Vessels. Electronic integrated circuits. Telephone sets; other apparatus for the transmission or reception Parts and accessories suitable for typewriters and automatic data processing machines Gold. Insulated wire, cable; optical fiber cables. Machinery for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature Unwrought zinc. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel.
2007 Value % change

1,604 2,945 3,921 508 252 82 99 15 7 66 19.5% 315.8% 10.3% 3,299.6% -45.9% -60.7% 11.2% 36.0% -4.3% 23.7%
Value
2008 % change
178.7% 42.7% -12.3% -1.8% -6.3% 73.0% 41.6% 694.0% 1,289.6% 43.1%
4,469 4,201 3,438 499 236 142 141 119 101 94
48
(2) Korean imports from Singapore 1) Import status by industry Electrical and electronic articles constituted the largest import sector in 2008, with their imports amounting to $6,423 million, or 76.8% of total imports. Ranked second were chemical industry manufactures whose imports reached $833 million. Compared with 2007, imports of mineral products showed the highest increase rate of 231.6%. Imports of electrical and electronic articles jumped by $1,093 million, recording highest growth in value terms. Table 50 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Singapore
(Unit: $ 1,000,000, %)
2007 Rank Industrial sector Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Chemical Industry Manufactures Mineral Product Machinery Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries Textile & Apparel Living ware Total
2008 Share 77.7 11.7 2.4 4.7 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 100 Value 6,423 833 550 302 124 50 41 20 13 5 8,362 % change 20.5 4.0 231.6 -6.1 24.9 7.0 -5.6 -15.9 -27.3 -44.9 21.9% Share 76.8 10.0 6.6 3.6 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 100
% change 21.4 9.0 -43.2 27.5 12.3 16.7 32.9 -7.0 -15.3 15.4 16.5
5,330 801 166 322 99 47 44 23 18 9 6,860
2) Import status by item Top ranked among the import items were electronic integrated circuits whose import volume of $5,053 million accounted for 19.5% of total imports in 2008. Noteworthy were epoxides and nitrogenized derivatives, the imports of which were small at $121 million but accounted for 59% of the Korean import market.
49
Table 51 Top 10 Korean Imports from Singapore and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: $ 1,000,000) Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 HS Code
8542 2710 8523 8517 8471 2910 8443 8473 3811 8541
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits. Petroleum oils and oils; waste oils.
Non-volatile storage devices and other media for the recording of sound
Total imports
25,881 17,081 2,243 5,218 3,631 205 1,638 2,345 321 3,778
Imports from Singapore Value

5,053 539 265 233 208 121 96 96 93 88

Singapore
Share
19.5% 3.2% 11.8% 4.5% 5.7% 59.0% 5.9% 4.1% 29.0% 2.3%
Rank in market
1 9 3 6 4 1 3 4 2 8
2nd
Taiwan Saudi Arabia Japan U.S.A. U.S.A. Japan Japan U.S.A.
Singapore
3rd
China U.A.E.
Singapore
India Taiwan China China

Singapore
Telephone sets; other apparatus for the transmission or reception.
Japan Ireland
Netherlands
Automatic data processing machines. Epoxides, nitrosated derivatives etc. Printing machinery; parts and accessories thereof.
Parts and accessories suitable for automatic data processing machines Anti-knock preparations and other prepared additives, for mineral oils
China China U.S.A. Japan
Singapore
Taiwan
Germany
Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor devices.
China
Taiwan
Table 52 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Singapore

(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
HS Code
8542312000 8542313000 8542321010 8542321020 8542321030 8542321090 8542322000 8542323000 8542331000
Commodity
Processors and controllers - H ybrid integrated circuits P rocessors and controllers - M ultichip integrated circuits Memories - Monolithic integrated circuits - DRAM Memories - Monolithic integrated circuits - SRAM Memories - Monolithic integrated circuits - Flash memory Memories - Monolithic integrated circuits - Other Memories - Hybrid integrated circuits Memories - Multichip integrated circuits Amplifiers - Monolithic integrated circuits Amplifiers - Hybrid integrated circuits Amplifiers - Multichip integrated circuits Other electronic integrated circuits Monolithic integrated circuits Other electronic integrated circuits Hybrid integrated circuits Other electronic integrated circuits Multichip integrated circuits Parts of Monolithic integrated circuits Lead frames Parts of Monolithic integrated circuits - Other Parts of Hybrid integrated circuits - Other Parts of Multichip integrated circuits - Other Methyloxirane (propylene oxide) Anti-knock preparations : Other Additives for lubricating oils : Containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals Additives for lubricating oils : Other Other prepared additives
Total imports
13 910 979 21 932 2,790 3 954 152 3 0.6 4,339 25 802 30 16 13 8 157 1 243 28 48
Imports from Singapore Rank in Value Share market

2 741 5 0.1 38 17 0.5 46 40 0.2 0.1 1,619 2 541 0.2 1 0 1 121 0.01 91 1 2 13.4% 81.5% 0.5% 0.6% 4.1% 0.6% 17.5% 4.8% 26.4% 6.8% 22.7% 37.3% 8.6% 67.4% 0.8% 9.1%
0.001%

Austria
Singapore
2nd
U.S.A. Taiwan U.S.A.
Indonesia
3rd
Japan Japan Taiwan China China Taiwan
Singapore
4 1 7 9 4 8 3 4 1 5 2 1 5 1 8 3 7 3 1 6 1 8 5
China U.S.A. U.S.A. China

Germany
Taiwan U.S.A.
Malaysia
Japan
Singapore
China
Malaysia
Hong kong Taiwan

Philippines Philippines
8542
8542332000 8542333000 8542391000 8542392000 8542393000 8542901010 8542901090 8542902090 8542903090
U.S.A. Taiwan
Singapore
Hong kong
Singapore
Taiwan China Taiwan China China U.S.A. Taiwan Japan U.S.A. U.S.A. Japan U.S.A.
U.S.A. U.K. U.S.A.

Germany
Singapore
U.S.A.
Singapore
Japan Japan Japan U.S.A.

Singapore
Italy
Singapore
Netherlands
7.6% 77.2% 0.6% 37.3% 2.1% 4.1%
2910
2910200000 3811190000 3811210000 3811290000 3811900000
Germany
Singapore
Japan France France France
3811
U.S.A.
Germany
50
9 Thailand
1. General status
Thailand achieved high economic growth of around 10% in the late 1980s, thanks to the positive effect of its export-oriented policy gradually introduced in the 1970s as well as the favorable turn of the world economy and increased investments from Japan and the United States. Since then, the country had maintained stable growth of about 8% till the mid 1990s. In 1997, however, Thailand faced a financial crisis caused by its expanding trade deficit resulted from weakening competitiveness in exports as well as excessive introduction of foreign capital in the course of its financial market opening. After four years of economic doldrums, the Thai economy began recovering its previous vitality. Beginning in the latter half of 2002, private consumption and exports soared thanks to the effect of proper macroeconomic measures such as finance, monetary and exchange rate policies. And, the nation's per capita GDP was almost restored to the pre-crisis level. Since the U.S. financial crisis hit the world economy in 2008, Thailand has experienced from a slowdown in the manufacturing sector as well as declining export growth rates. The export sector, the nation's main growth engine, has been dwindling since 2007. But, Contraction in the import sector is being delayed, thus contributing to expansion of the nation's trade and current account deficits. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status Foreign direct investment in Thailand in 2008 amounted to $10,061 million in 838 projects, down 32.9% from the previous year in value terms. Japan continued to maintain its status as the largest investor in Thailand, with an FDI capital of $3,042 million. Korea's direct investment reached $266 million, the sixth largest in terms of value. Table 53 FDI Status in Thailand (based on approvals)
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Country Japan Netherlands Singapore Malaysia India Korea Total
2006 No. of Projects 353 28 62 35 18 24 751
Value 3,196 173 520 149 74 112 7,396
2007 No. of Projects 330 20 78 33 23 46 836
Value 4,873 315 1,022 343 219 177 14,994
2008 No. of Projects 324 27 67 46 21 56 838
Value 3,042 886 726 723 275 266 10,061
Source: The Board of Investment of Thailand (BOI), www.globalwindow.org
51
2. Trade trends
Thailand's foreign trade jumped from $228,303 million in 2005 to $351,761 million in 2008, recording an average growth rate of 15.5% a year. During the period, exports increased 16.3% a year from $110,160 million to $173,235 million. Imports expanded by 14.8% a year from $118,143 million to $178,526 million. The country recored a trade deficit of $5,291 million in 2008. Figure 17 Thailand's Export and Import Trends
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value Export Import Balance 110,160 118,143 -7,983 % change 14.5% 25.1% -541.3% Value
2006 % change 18.5% 10.5% -99.4% Value
2007 % change 16.8% 8.2% -22781.6% Value
2008 % change 13.6% 26.3% -147.6%
130,556 130,605 -49
152,460 141,346 11,114
173,235 178,526 -5,291
(1) Export status by country In 2008, Thailand's largest export destination was the United States, which absorbed about $19,754 million worth of Thai goods, or 11.4% of the total Thai exports. The United States was followed by Japan, China and Singapore. Among the top 10 export destinations, Australia was the fastest growing export market for Thailand. Thai exports to Australia grew 33.6% annually on average from $3,151 million in 2005 to $7,512 million in 2008. In terms of value, exports to China recorded the largest margin of growth by soaring by $6,871 million during the same period.
52
Table 54 Thailand's Top 10 Export Destinations

(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
Country
U.S.A. Japan China Singapore Hong kong Malaysia Australia Indonesia Vietnam Netherlands Korea
2005 Value 16,950 14,979 9,105 7,641 6,123 5,781 3,151 3,954 2,348 2,755 2,244 110,160 Share 15.4% 13.6% 8.3% 6.9% 5.6% 5.2% 2.9% 3.6% 2.1% 2.5% 2.0% 100%
2006 Value 19,626 16,492 11,810 8,411 7,214 6,656 4,379 3,336 3,094 3,260 2,688 130,556 Share 15.0% 12.6% 9.0% 6.4% 5.5% 5.1% 3.4% 2.6% 2.4% 2.5% 2.1% 100%
2007 Value 19,250 18,122 14,834 9,535 8,686 7,792 5,726 4,768 3,803 3,801 2,967 152,460 Share 12.6% 11.9% 9.7% 6.3% 5.7% 5.1% 3.8% 3.1% 2.5% 2.5% 1.9% 100%
2008 Value 19,754 19,724 15,976 9,844 9,774 9,717 7,512 6,138 4,962 3,978 3,568 173,235 Share 11.4% 11.4% 9.2% 5.7% 5.6% 5.6% 4.3% 3.5% 2.9% 2.3% 2.1% 100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12
Total
(2) Export status by item Automatic data processing machines constituted Thailand's largest export sector in 2007, as their exports amounted to $12,388 million, accounting for 8.1% of total exports. Ranked second were electronic integrated circuits with $8,053 million. Among the 10 most important export items, petroleum oils showed the fastest growing rate of 36.7% a year on average, jumping from $2,620 million in 2005 to $4,896 million in 2007. In value terms, automatic data processing machines registered fastest growth, increasing by $4,045 million from $$8,343 million in 2005 to $12,388 million in 2007. Table 55 Thailand's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code 8471 8542 4001 2710 8704 8703 1006 8708 8473 8415
Commodity Automatic data processing machines; optical reader Electronic integrated circuits and micro assemblies Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha Petroleum oils Trucks, motor vehicles for the transport of goods Cars (incl. station wagon) Rice Parts & accessories of motor vehicles Parts & accessories of computers & office machines Air conditioning machines, with motor-driven elements
2005
2006
2007
2008 Korea's import
8,343 5,496 3,695 2,620 2,997 2,161 2,322 2,120 3,137 2,169
10,850 7,074 5,430 3,990 3,683 2,922 2,579 2,500 3,761 2,314
12,388 8,053 5,641 4,896 4,298 3,854 3,470 3,398 3,346 3,192
3,631 25,881 1,003 17,081 192 2,478 195 3,408 2,345 342
53
3. Thailand-Korea trade
As of March 2009, Thailand was the 17th largest destination for Korean exports, and the 21st largest source of imports. Figure 18 Trends in Korea's Trade with Thailand
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Class. Value Export Import Balance 3,381 2,689 692 % change 4.1% 14.4% Value
2006 % change 25.6% 23.8% 32.7% Value
2007 % change 5.7% 13.2% -21.7% Value
2008 % change 28.8% 13.6% 108.2%
4,246 3,328 918
4,488 3,769 719
5,779 4,282 1,497
In the 2005-2008, bilateral trade grew by annual average of 18.3% from $6,070 million to $10,061 million. Korea's exports to Thailand increased by 19.6% a year from $3,381 million to $5,779 million. Imports from Thailand rose by 16.8% a year from $2,689 million to $4,282 million. Korea recorded a surplus of $1,497 million in its trade with Thailand in 2008. (1) Korean exports to Thailand Top Korean exports to Thailand include flat-rolled iron products (clad, coated), hot-rolled steel plats, and automobile parts. Flat-rolled iron plates (clad, coated) were ranked first in 2008 as their exports amounted to $358 million, accounting for 6.2% of total Korean exports. They were followed by hot-rolled steel plates with $222 million, and automobile parts with $206 million.
54
Table 56 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Thailand

(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
HS Code 7210 7208 8708 7219 8517 9013 8542 7403 8529 3105
Commodity
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles. Flat-rolled products of stainless steel. Telephone sets; other apparatus for the transmission or reception. Liquid crystal; lasers; other optical appliances and instruments. Electronic integrated circuits. Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought. Parts suitable for use transmission apparatus.
Mineral or chemical fertilisers. Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2007 Value % change 236 13.9% 130 93.5% 164 120.4% 243 38.3% 144 1,053.9% 116 15.7% 262 10.4% 70 -1.8% 126 -57.8% 95 7.6%
2008 Value % change 358 51.5% 222 70.2% 206 26.0% 196 -19.1% 181 25.0% 165 43.2% 161 -38.4% 144 106.1% 139 9.8% 117 22.9%
(2) Korean imports from Thailand 1) Import status by industry Electronic and electrical products constituted the largest import sector in 2008, with the import volume amounting to $1,550 million, or 36.2% of total imports. It was followed by the agricultural, forest and marine products sector with $1,173 million, and the mineral products sector with $508 million. Import of mineral products recorded the highest increase rate of 358.9% from 2007. Table 57 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Thailand
(Unit: $ 1,000,000, %)
Rank
Industrial sector Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Mineral Product Chemical Industry Manufactures Machinery Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Textile & Apparel Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Living ware Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries
Value
2007 % change
Share
Value
2008 % change
Share
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
1,667 815 111 535 169 205 111 74 64 18 3,769
21.0 4.9 -53.1 45.8 15.2 30.1 -10.8 3.4 9.5 52.7 13.2
44.2 21.6 2.9 14.2 4.5 5.4 2.9 2.0 1.7 0.5 100
1,550 1,173 508 389 219 172 108 86 62 15 4,282
-7.0 44.0 358.9 -27.4 29.0 -16.0 -2.8 16.5 -3.1 -17.6 13.6
36.2 27.4 11.9 9.1 5.1 4.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 0.4 100
2) Import status by item A review of imports by item shows that electronic integrated circuits were ranked first with their import amount standing at $485 million in 2008. These products were followed by natural rubber whose imports amounted to $441 million, accounting for 44% of the Korean import market. Noteworthy were the three items of arrowroots, carbon paper and particle boards, which all accounted for more than 60% of the Korean import markets.
55
Table 58 Top 10 Korean Imports from Thailand and Their Import Market Shares
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
8542 4001 2709 8517 8471 0714 4410 2710 1701 4816
Commodity
Electronic integrated circuits. Natural rubber and similar natural gums. Petroleum oils and oils. Telephone; other apparatus for the transmission or reception. Automatic data processing machines. Arrowroot, sweet potatoes and roots and tubers etc Particle board, oriented strand board and similar board. Petroleum oils and oils; waste oils. Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose. Carbon paper, self-copy paper and other transfer papers
Total imports
25,881 1,003 85,855 5,218 3,631 203 140 17,081 544 103
Imports from Thailand Value Share Rank in market

485 441 379 249 206 160 95 93 81 79 1.9% 44.0% 0.4% 4.8% 5.7% 78.8% 67.9% 0.5% 14.9% 76.7% 9 1 15 5 5 1 1 25 2 1

Singapore
2nd
Taiwan
Indonesia
3rd
China Malaysia Kuwait Japan Ireland
Indonesia
Thailand Saudi Arabia China China Thailand Thailand India Australia Thailand
U.A.E. U.S.A. U.S.A. Vietnam Malaysia Saudi Arabia Thailand Japan
U.S.A. U.A.E. South Africa China
Table 59 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Thailand

HS Code
4001100000 4001212000
Commodity
Natural rubber latex Natural rubber smoked sheets, Rss No.1 Natural rubber smoked sheets, Rss No.3 Natural rubber smoked sheets, Rss No.4 Technically specified natural rubber (TSNR) Other natural rubber Dried manioc (cassava) Dried manioc (cassava) - Pellets
Particle board - Unworked or not further worked than sanded
Total imports
63 2 73 0.3 838 26 41 160 24 87 11 0.6 11 2 26 503 0.3 13 5 3 5 78 7
Imports from Thailand Value

36 0.2 67 0.3 331 7 0.1 160 21 62 0.5 0.5 9 1 25 52 0.2 4 2 0.1 0.04 75 2

Thailand
Indonesia
Share
57.0% 9.8% 91.8% 100% 39.5% 27.4% 0.3% 99.6% 87.5% 71.8% 4.5% 89.6% 82.4% 44.1% 97.1% 10.3% 84.5% 27.5% 40.7% 3.4% 0.9% 96.7% 24.4%
Rank in market 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 2
2nd
Vietnam Thailand
3rd
Malaysia
Sri Lanka Malaysia
4001
4001214000 4001215000 4001220000 4001290000
Thailand Thailand Thailand

Philippines
India Indonesia
Thailand
Indonesia
Vietnam Thailand
0714102010
Vietnam Thailand Thailand Thailand
0714
0714102020 4410111000 4410119000
Taiwan
Malaysia Malaysia
Saudi Arabia
Romania
Particle board - Other Oriented strand board - Other

Other board - Unworked or not further worked than sanded
Spain
Thailand
4410
4410129000 4410199010 4410199090 4410900000 1701111000
U.S.A.
Thailand Thailand Thailand Thailand
Australia
Canada Belgium
Romania
U.S.A. Canada
Romania
Other board - Other Other board - not wood

Cane sugar - Of a polarization not exceeding 98.5
China
Philippines
India South Africa Japan U.S.A. Japan

Thailand Thailand
Australia
1701
1701112000 1701122000 1701990000 4816201000 4816202000
Cane sugar - Of a polarization exceeding 98.5 Beet sugar - Of a polarization exceeding 98.5 Other sucrose - Other Self-copy paper - One ply Self-copy paper - Multi-ply Graphic art paper Carbon or similar copying papers Other
Thailand
Thailand
Malaysia
China
Thailand Thailand
China Japan Japan

Thailand
Indonesia
China China China

Thailand
4816
4816903000 4816904000 4816909000
Japan
56
10 Vietnam
1. General status
Vietnam's low labor cost and plentiful raw material resources are making the country an optimum investment destination for labor-intensive industries. As Vietnam is in the course of opening its economy, its value as an overseas production base targeting North American, ASEAN and European export markets is increasing. Vietnam is endeavoring for globalization of its economy, as seen in its conclusion of a trade agreement with the United States in 2001 and its participation in the creation of the ASEAN free trade zone. Vietnam has maintained high GDP growth since it marked 6% in 2000. Its annual growth rate since 2005 has averaged 8%, the second highest in Asia following China's. In particular, it achieved 6.23% growth in 2008, despite the global economic slowdown. (1) Foreign direct investment (FDI) status Foreign direct investment in Vietnam reached $60,271 million in 2008. Taiwan, the leader in terms of total investments during the 20-year period since 1988, made new investment worth $8,643 million in 2008. Malaysia was ranked first in 2008, with its investment of $14,938 million. Korea is the fourth largest investor in Vietnam overall. Table 60 FDI Status in Vietnam
(unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
Country Taiwan Malaysia Japan Korea Singapore Total
1 2 3 4 5
Total (1988.1.1 No. of Projects 1,940 302 1,046 2,058 651 9,803
2008.12.22) Value 19,651 17,783 17,158 16,526 15,438 149,775
2008 (1.1 No. of Projects 132 55 105 292 101 1,171
12.22) Value 8,643 14,938 7,288 1,803 4,466 60,271
Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, material carried on www.globalwindow.org
2. Trade trends
Vietnam's foreign trade grew 27.4% a year on average from $69,280 million in 2005 to $143,058 million in 2008. Exports surged from $32,447 million in 2005 to $60,816 million in 2008, representing an average annual increase of 23.3%. During the same period, imports soared from $36,761 million to $82,242 million, recording average annual growth of 30.8%.
57
Vietnam's trade deficit expanded from $4,314 million in 2005 to $21,426 million in 2008. Figure 19 Vietnam's Export and Import Trends
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Value
32,447 36,761 -4,314
2006 Value
39,826 44,891 -5,065
2007 Value
48,561 62,682 -14,121
2008 Value
60,816 82,242 -21,426
% change
22.5% 15.0% -21.3%
% change
22.7% 22.1% 17.4%
% change
21.9% 39.6% 178.8%
% change
25.2% 31.2% 51.7%
(1) Export status 1) Export status by country The United States is the top destination for Vietnamese exports. Vietnamese exports to the United States in 2008 reached $11,869 million, up 17.5% from the previous year and representing 18.9% of the entire Vietnamese exports. The United States was followed by Japan with $8,538 million or 13.6% of the total exports, and China with $4,536 million or 7.2%. Table 61 Vietnam's Top 10 Export Destinations
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
Country
U.S.A. Japan China Australia Singapore Germany Malaysia Philippines Korea U.K.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
Total
2005 Value Share 5,924 18.3% 4,340 13.4% 3,228 9.9% 2,723 8.4% 1,917 5.9% 1,086 3.3% 1,028 3.2% 829 2.6% 664 2.0% 1,016 3.1% 32,447 100%
2006 Value Share 7,845 19.7% 5,240 13.2% 3,243 8.1% 3,745 9.4% 1,812 4.5% 1,445 3.6% 1,254 3.1% 783 2.0% 843 2.1% 1,180 3.0% 39,826 100%
2007 Value Share 10,105 20.8% 6,090 12.5% 3,646 7.5% 3,802 7.8% 2,234 4.6% 1,855 3.8% 1,555 3.2% 965 2.0% 1,243 2.6% 1,431 2.9% 48,561 100%
2008 Value Share 11,869 18.9% 8,538 13.6% 4,536 7.2% 4,225 6.7% 2,660 4.2% 2,073 3.3% 1,955 3.1% 1,825 2.9% 1,784 2.8% 1,581 2.5% 62,685 100%
58
Of the 10 major export destinations, Korea emerged as the fastest growing market for Vietnamese exports. Vietnamese exports to Korea increased from $664 million in 2005 to $1,784 million in 2008, registering average annual growth of 43.6%. 2) Export status by item Vietnam's largest export sector in 2006 was composed of crude and petroleum oils. Their exports amounted to $8,060 million, or 19.4% of the nation's total export volume. These were followed by footwear in second with $3,063 million. Exports of footwear of rubber or plastics expanded most conspicuously, soaring 206.5% from $316 million in 2004 to $1,348 million in 2006. In value terms, crude and petroleum oils recorded the biggest increase of $2,389 million from $5,671 million in 2004 to $8,060 million in 2006. Table 62 Vietnam's Top 10 Exports
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
HS Code
2709 6403 9403 6402 0901 0306 2701 6204 6404 1006
2008 Commodity
Crude petroleum oils Footwear, upper of leather Other furniture and parts thereof Footwear, outer soles and uppers of rubber/plastics Coffee Crustaceans Coal; briquettes, ovoids & similar solid fuels Women's suits, jackets, dresses skirts & shorts Footwear, upper of textile mat Rice
2004
5,671 761 717 316 642 1,363 354 634 1,155 950
2005
7,373 898 1,014 321 740 1,408 670 832 1,411 1,408
2006
8,060 3,063 1,803 1,348 1,323 1,169 1,055 1,047 949 932
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Korea's import 85,855 447 587 216 289 456 12,372 774 198 195
3. Vietnam-Korea trade
As of March 2009, Vietnam was Korea's 12th largest export destination, and ranked 29th among the sources for import. During the 2005-2008 period, the bilateral trade volume registered annual growth of 133.6%, rising from $4,126 million to $9,842 million. Korea's exports to Vietnam expanded 131.5% annually on average from $3,432 million to $7,805 million. Imports from Vietnam soared from $694 million to $2,037 million, recording average annual growth of 143.2%. In its trade with Vietnam, Korea steadily maintained a surplus, which rose 128.2% a year on average from $2,738 million in 2005 to $5,768 million in 2008.
59
Figure 20 Trends in Korea's Trade with Vietnam
(unit: $ 1,000,000)
2005 Value 3,432 694 2,738 % change Value
2006 % change 14.4% 33.3% 9.7% Value 3,927 925 3,003
2007 % change 46.7% 50.5% 45.5% Value 5,760 1,392 4,368
2008 % change 35.5% 46.3% 32.1% 7,805 2,037 5,768
(1) Korean exports to Vietnam Principal Korean exports to Vietnam include petroleum oils and oils, apparel, and automobiles. In 2008, petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals constituted the leading export sector, with their exports amounting to $2,032 million, or 26% of total exports. Flat-rolled iron products showed the highest growth rate, as their exports in 2008 jumped 246.9% from 2007 to $198 million. In value terms, however, petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals were ranked first with an increase of $749 million. Table 63 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Vietnam
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
HS Code
2710 6006 8703 7208 6004 8704 3901 3902 5407 5903
Commodity
Petroleum oils and oils; waste oils. Other Knitted or crocheted fabrics. Motor cars and vehicles (for the transport of persons) Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. Knitted or crocheted fabrics. Motor vehicles for the transport of goods. Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms Polymers of propylene or of other olefins in primary forms Woven fabrics of synthetic filament yarn Textile fabrics.
2007 Value % change

1,283 250 176 57 107 104 130 86 128 132 147.0% 69.8% 1,043.2% 72.2% 79.5% 19.1% 34.5% 37.0% 12.9% 9.1%
Value
2,032 325 222 198 177 165 160 144 140 139
2008 % change
58.4% 30.2% 26.2% 246.9% 66.6% 59.1% 23.2% 67.7% 9.2% 5.4%
60
(2) Korean imports from Vietnam 1) Import status by industry Agricultural, forest and marine products made up the largest sector of imports from Vietnam in 2008. The imports of these products amounted to $612 million, accounting for 30% of total imports. This sector was followed by the textile & apparel sector with 19.1% and the mineral products sector with 18%. Imports of steel and metal products registered most conspicuous growth by increasing 198.8% compared with 2007. In value terms, the import of mineral products was ranked first by recording an increase of $148 million from 2007. Table 64 Industrial Trends in Korea's Imports from Vietnam
(Unit: $ 1,000,000, %)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Industrial sector
Agricultural, Forest, Marine Products Textile & Apparel Mineral Product Living ware Electrical Articles, Electronic Articles Articles of Iron or Steel, Metals Machinery Chemical Industry Manufactures Articles of Plastic Rubber or Leather Miscellaneous Articles/Sundries Total
2007 Value
472 253 218 189 135 44 26 32 13 8 1,392
2008 Share
33.9 18.2 15.7 13.6 9.7 3.2 1.9 2.3 0.9 0.6 100
% change
29.2 31.8 255.6 24.6 82.6 174.1 131.8 5.6 2.5 -12.8 50.5
Value
612 390 366 227 173 131 64 49 16 9 2,037
% change
29.5 54.0 67.8 20.4 28.1 198.8 144.1 50.3 27.9 6.0 46.4
Share
30.0 19.1 18.0 11.2 8.5 6.4 3.1 2.4 0.8 0.4 100
2) Import status by item By item, petroleum oils were in the top spot in 2008, with their import amount standing at $183 million. Of the 10 top items, coal and similar solid fuels showed the highest import growth rate of 185.2%. They were also ranked first in value terms by registering an increase of $96 million. Coffee imports from Vietnam were not big in volume, standing at $101 million. But they were top ranked in the Korean import market with a share of 34.9%. Of the 10 largest import items from Vietnam, nine belonged to the top 10 in their respective import markets in Korea.
61
Table 65 Top 10 Korean Imports from Vietnam and Their Import Market Shares
(Unit: $ 1,000,000)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Source: Note 1) 2)
HS Code
2709
Commodity
Petroleum oils and oils.
Total imports
85,855
Imports from Vietnam Value

183 148 105 101 72 69 68 63 57 54

Saudi Arabia Australia China Vietnam China Thailand China China China China
Share
0.2% 1.2% 29.1% 34.9% 15.8% 6.9% 15.2% 18.6% 3.3% 15.0%
Rank in market
17 7 2 1 3 4 3 2 3 3
2nd
U.A.E. China Vietnam Colombia Russia Indonesia Italy Vietnam U.S.A. Indonesia
3rd
Kuwait Indonesia Japan Brazil Vietnam Malaysia Vietnam U.S.A. Vietnam Vietnam
2701 Coal; and similar solid fuels. 12,372 0307 Molluscs; aquatic invertebrates. 361 0901 Coffee; coffee substitutes containing coffee 289 0306 Crustaceans 456 4001 Natural rubber and similar natural gums. 1,003 6403 Footwear. 447 0304 Fish meat. 339 8544 Insulated wire, cable, optical fiber cables. 1,705 5509 Yarn 361 Korea International Trade Association (KITA), 2008 Total imports: Korea's total imports by category Rank in market: Rank in Korea's import market
Table 66 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Vietnam

(Unit: $ 1,000,000) HS Code
0307291000 0307391000 0307491010 0307491020 0307492000 0307493000 0307591010 0307591020 0307 0307591030 0307911190 0307911990 0307919090 0307991150 0307991190 0307991990 0307992920 0307993930 0901110000 0901120000 0901 0901210000 0901220000 0901901000 0901902000 0304210000 0304298000 0304 0304299000 0304991010 0304999010 0304999090
Commodity
Scallops - Frozen Mussels - Frozen Cuttle fish - Frozen Squid - Frozen Cuttle fish - Salted or in brine Cuttle fish - Dried Octopus - Frozen Poulp squid - Frozen Webfoot octopus - Frozen Hard clams - Other - Live, fresh or chilled
Other aquatic invertebrates - Live, fresh or chilled
Total imports
9 0.1 20 25 0.5 31 1 92 49 3 7 5 2.5 10 0.6 0.2 10 249 3 35 2 0.1 0.02 3 8 26 53 141 2
Imports from Vietnam Value

0.1 0.001 13 2 0.02 30 0.03 14 42 0.03 0.01 0.003 2 1 0.1 0.001 1 101 0 0.2 0 0.01 0.01 0.3 1 4 0 57 0.05

China China Vietnam Peru China Vietnam China China Vietnam China China China Vietnam Canada China Canada Thailand Vietnam Spain U.S.A. U.S.A.
Philippines
Share
1.4% 1.0% 66.2% 9.3% 3.0% 96.0% 3.0% 15.5% 84.5% 1.1% 0.1% 0.1% 79.1% 10.4% 18.3% 0.4% 8.6% 40.4%
0.002%
Rank in market 4 4 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 3 4 5 1 3 2 8 4 1 9 10 21 2 1 3 2 3 5 1 8
2nd
Japan
Indonesia
3rd
U.S.A. New Zealand
Indonesia Argentina
Thailand China Vietnam China Japan Vietnam

Indonesia
Peru Peru Malaysia

Indonesia
Thailand Vietnam Russia Fiji Ireland Vietnam Russia China

Indonesia
Russia Japan
Indonesia
Other - Live, fresh or chilled Ark shells - Frozen Molluscs - Other - Frozen Other - Other - Frozen Sea-cucumbers - Dried Jelly fish - Salted or in brine Coffee, not roasted : Not decaffeinated Coffee, not roasted : Decaffeinated Coffee roasted : Not decaffeinated Coffee roasted : Decaffeinated Coffee husks and skins Coffee substitutes containing coffee Frozen fillets : Swordfish Frozen fillets : Of file fish Frozen fillets : Other Alaska pollack - Frozen Fish surimi Other fish - Frozen Fish surimi Other fish - Other (not fresh or chilled)
China China Vietnam

Philippines
China
Colombia
Brazil
Colombia
Switzerland
Germany
0.5% 0.01% 4.7% 68.4% 10.3% 13.1% 16.8%

0.0001%
Italy
Switzerland
Italy
Indonesia Indonesia
Vietnam Japan Japan Vietnam China Russia China China
Vietnam Taiwan China Japan U.S.A. Vietnam Thailand
Vietnam Thailand Vietnam China

Indonesia
40.7% 2.2%
Japan
62

Section I. ASEAN-Korea Trade Analysis: Status and Trends

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Section I. ASEAN-Korea Trade Analysis: Status and Trends

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Section I.

ASEAN-Korea trade analysis: status and trends

Export Import Balance

2005 Value % change 5,633 1,670 3,964 -

2006 Value % change 6,907 22.6% 1,990 19.2% 4,917 24.0%

2007 Value % change 6,944 0.5% 3,933 97.6% 3,011 -38.8%

2008 Value % change 9,433 35.8% 2,655 -32.5% 6,778 125.1%

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

2005 Value Share

2006 Value Share

2007 Value Share

2008 Value Share

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

Table 2 Brunei's Top 10 Exports

2008 Korea's import

Source: International Trade Centre (ITC)

Class. Export Import Balance

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

2007 Value % change

2008 Value % change

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

Value 934,412 435 63 37 5 6 0 1 0 0 934,960

Value 1,723,323 987 160 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 1,724,487

Imports from Brunei Rank in Value Share market

Top 3 countries in share 1st

Table 6 Detailed Status of Key Korean Imports from Brunei

Imports from Brunei Rank in Value Share market

Top 3 countries in share 1st

China Korea ASEAN Total

Source: The Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC), www.globalwindow.org

2006 % change 18.2% 17.2% 23.6% Value

2007 % change 14.1% 116.3% -514.9% Value

2008 % change 5.5% 25.6% -59.7%

3,562 2,985 576

4,066 6,457 -2,390

4,290 8,107 -3,818

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

Table 8 Cambodia's Top 10 Export Destinations

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

2008 Korea's import

Source: International Trade Centre (ITC)

2007 % change 37.2% 62.5% 36.0% Value

2008 % change 4.6% 62.1% 2.9%

281,426 8,873 272,553

294,383 14,378 280,005

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

Table 10 Korea's Top 10 Exports to Cambodia

Source: Korea International Trade Association (KITA)

Imports from Cambodia Value

Top 3 countries in share 1st

6103 6203 6204 6110 6403 6114

38,611 609,700 773,868 321,393 447,107 40,367

1,265 1,086 688 679 632 474

3.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1%

China China China China China China

Philippines Italy Italy Italy Italy Vietnam

Cambodia Vietnam U.S.A. Vietnam Vietnam El Salvador

2007 No. of Projects

Source: Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), www.globalwindow.org