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    Tirado

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    Climate Change and Global Food and Nutrition Security Cristina Tirado von der Pahlen, DVM, MS, PhD. Adapted from WHO, 2003 Negative Impact Positive Impact Very High Confidence Effects on geographic range and incidence of malaria High-confidence Undernutrition and consequent disorders. Coastal floods-Sea Level rise 2 to 7 million more people per year will experience coastal flooding by 2080 (IPCC 2007) Marine Biotoxins Ocean warming and ocean acidification (due to increased CO2) glacier melting

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    Tirado

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    Climate Change and Global Food and Nutrition Security Cristina Tirado von der Pahlen, DVM, MS, PhD. Adapted from WHO, 2003 Negative Impact Positive Impact Very High Confidence Effects on geographic range and incidence of malaria High-confidence Undernutrition and consequent disorders. Coastal floods-Sea Level rise 2 to 7 million more people per year will experience coastal flooding by 2080 (IPCC 2007) Marine Biotoxins Ocean warming and ocean acidification (due to increased CO2) glacier melting

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    Climate Change and Global Food and Nutrition Security Cristina Tirado von der Pahlen, DVM, MS, PhD. Adapted from WHO, 2003 Negative Impact Positive Impact Very High Confidence Effects on geographic range and incidence of malaria High-confidence Undernutrition and consequent disorders. Coastal floods-Sea Level rise 2 to 7 million more people per year will experience coastal flooding by 2080 (IPCC 2007) Marine Biotoxins Ocean warming and ocean acidification (due to increased CO2) glacier melting

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    151 views30 pages

    Tirado

    Uploaded by

    api-145663568
    Climate Change and Global Food and Nutrition Security Cristina Tirado von der Pahlen, DVM, MS, PhD. Adapted from WHO, 2003 Negative Impact Positive Impact Very High Confidence Effects on geographic range and incidence of malaria High-confidence Undernutrition and consequent disorders. Coastal floods-Sea Level rise 2 to 7 million more people per year will experience coastal flooding by 2080 (IPCC 2007) Marine Biotoxins Ocean warming and ocean acidification (due to increased CO2) glacier melting

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    of 30

    Climate Change and Global Food and Nutrition Security

    Cristina Tirado von der Pahlen, DVM, MS, PhD PHI Center for Public Health and Climate Change

    Climate change

    Stratospheric ozone depletion


    UV exposure

    Diverse pathways

    Land degradation
    Agro-ecosystem Productivity Conflict

    Decline in ecosystem services

    Water quantity and safety

    Altered precipitation

    Loss of Biodiversity ecosystem function

    Freshwater decline
    Adapted from WHO, 2003

    Negative Impact Positive Impact

    Very High Confidence


    Effects on geographic range & incidence of malaria

    High Confidence
    Undernutrition & consequent disorders Injuries, deaths, disease - Extreme events (heatwaves, floods, droughts, fires, etc) Cardio-respiratory diseases - poor air quality Cold-related deaths

    Medium Confidence
    Diarrhoeal diseases

    Vulnerability of national economies of potential climate change impacts on fisheries (Allison et al 2009)

    Vulnerability Integrates exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) under IPCC scenario B2

    Most vulnerable countries produce 20% of the Worlds fish exports

    Coastal floods-Sea Level rise 2 to 7 million more people per year will experience coastal flooding by 2080 (IPCC 2007)

    Infectious diseases food and water contamination

    Climate Change and diahorreal diseases


    Diarrhea increases 8% for 1C temperature increase

    Temperature variations in hospitals in Peru (Checkley el al 2000, Lancet)

    Salmonellosis increase by 12% for each degree increase above 6C ambient temperature
    Salmonellosis

    Source: EU/WHO cCASHh, 2004

    Temperature and salinity - Distribution and density of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in shellfish (De Paola et al. 2003; McLaughlin et al., 2005,
    Zimmerman et al. 2007)

    Vibrio cholerae - peaks of disease are seasonally associated with higher water temperature and phyto-plancton.

    Marine Biotoxins
    Ocean warming and ocean acidification (due to increased CO2) glacier melting, precipitation, flash floods, increase nutrient release Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) marine toxins
    (Hall et al., 2002; Hunter, 2003; Korenberg, 2004).

    Global distribution of HAB toxins and Increase of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning outbreaks
    :

    reproduced from Dolah (2000 and Glibert et al. (2005)

    Toxigenic fungi & mycotoxins


    Temperature, humidity Drought stress Pests and plant diseases Soil conditions nutrient status

    Flowering & Harvests season, EFSA 2012

    Risk of Aatoxin B1 maiz contaminaAon in Europe (2000-2100) EFSA 2012

    Challenges of Biofuel production


    Estimated 100-170% growth in last 5 years Environmental degradation (desforestation, biodiversity loss, water use and contamination etc.) UN-Energy group 2007. Food and nutrition insecurity in poor countries (FAO, 2007) Biofuel Responsible for 30% increase of food prices on 2008 (IFPRI, 2009)

    Increase on Food Prices

    Cimate change and decline of calorie availability in developing countries 21% more undernourished children in 2050
    Number of Malnourished Children in Sub-Saharan Africa (millions)

    Copyright: Barry Popkin

    Chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause 63% of global deaths (35 million), 80% in LIMIC. Total deaths due to NCDs are projected to rise to 52 million by 2030. Some 1 billion adults and 20 million children are estimated to be overweight. Diets low fruit and vegetable intake high saturated fats and low physical activity

    www.unscn.org

    A change of climate
    Adaptation and mitigation Climate Resilient and
    sustainable development WHO, Health in a Green Economy (2011-12) UNEP, Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production (2010) UN SCN, climate change and nutrition security (2011-12)

    UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE UNFCCC (COP16)

    Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production (UNEP,2010)

    As the global population surges towards a


    predicted 9.1 billion people by 2050, western tastes for diets rich in meat and dairy products are unsustainable global shift towards a vegan diet is vital to save the world from hunger, fuel poverty and the worst impacts of climate change

    Meat (beef, lamb, pork)

    Eat less, reduce portion size. Eat locally produced and grass fed animals

    Fish and shellfish choose seafood with sustainable eco-labels Fruits, vegetables Seasonal and locally produced
    Pesticide free

    Potatoes, cereals Cooking fat Water

    Locally grown reduce rice intake Choose rape seed and olive oil reduce palm Choose tap water Locally produced/packed

    EU Health PromoAng Agriculture


    EU White paper AdapAng to climate change 2009 addressing the climate issues related to food and nutri3on, environment, inequali3es etc. Co-benets of AdaptaAon and MiAgaAon on the food and agriculture sectors e.g. strategies to mi3gate the impacts of the agriculture sector (e.g. climate smart agriculture, sustainable diets) Sustainable food producAon and consumpAon and waste reducAon (Tirado et al., 2009 EC/WHO CEHAPIS project; EC European Group of Ethics in Science and Technology 2008)

    A changing climate towards responsible consumption and production


    Should be a label indicating a products carbon footprint mandatory?

    SOURCE OF DATA EUROBAROMETER 2009 Base all respondents % EU 27

    Health Indicators for sustainable agriculture, food and nutriAon security

    Health outcomes: anemia in women of reproduc3ve age; stun3ng in children under 5 years; obesity in children under 5 and in adults; Food access and dietary quality and sustainable foods producAon: adequate access to protein supply; excessive adult saturated fat consump3on; household dietary diversity; and Food market/trade policies supporAng health and sustainability: countries that have phased out use of an3bio3cs as growth promoters; health impact assessment in agricultural policies, trade plans. compliance with food safety standards

    Creating a climate for Health

    http://www.climatehealthconnect.org/

    Sustainable diets Co-benefits


    Healthy diet rich in fruits & vegetables (400gr/ day) can save 2.7 million lives Environmentally sustainable Socially equitable

    A Win-Win situation and common goal

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