ArcGis 9 Spatial Analyst Руководство пользователя

Spatial Analyst
Copyright 1999-2001 ESRI.

All rights reserved.
Russian Translation by DATA+, Ltd.
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ARCGIS SPATIAL ANALYST.
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ArcMap.
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Analyst
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2.
Spatial Analyst.
2
3. .
3.
Spatial Analyst.

13
ArcMap
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3. elevation, ,
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4
1
14
2. .

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6.
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3.
Landuse.
4.
.
5. OK.
7. School 2 .
8. .
9. OK.
8

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15

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1. landuse
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1
3.
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, /Forests ( 6)
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c:\spatial, spatial C:\,
.
3. .
4.
landuse.

Landuse.
18
5. .
6.
elevation.

.
7. OK .
30
(
).
1. Spatial Analyst,
, ... .

1. landuse.
2. .
1
1
3. .
2.
elevation.
.

19
3. OK .

.
.
,
.
4.
.
5.
(C:\Spatial).
6. Hillshade .
8
7.
ESRI GRID.
8. .
:
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex1\Hillshade
.
20

Landuse ,
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1.
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2.
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3.
landuse.
4.
30 .
landuse,
.

21
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6.
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22
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Elevation
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Landuse,
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23
1:
1.
.

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1.
1. Spatial Analyst
.
2. , (
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial, ,
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3. elevation, ,
Ctrl, landuse, rec_sites schools.
4. .
3
2. ,
. ,
c:\spatial, spatial C:\,
.
3. .
4.
landuse.

Landuse.
5. .
6.
elevation.
7. OK .

ArcMap, .
24
2:

. :

3. slope ,
,
, (c:\spatial).
3.
:
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex2\Slope.
4. OK.
,
,
.
1. Spatial Analyst.
...

ArcMap, . (
) .
2.
elevation.

25
3. OK.

, .
1. Spatial Analyst,
, .

ArcMap, .
, ()
.
2.
rec_sites.

.
26
:
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex2\recD.

ArcMap, .
4. Schools ,

.

.
,
.
1. Spatial Analyst,
, .
2.
schools.

.
3. OK.
2
4. schools,
, rec_sites,
,
.
:
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex2\schD.

27
3:

.
.
,
.
( )
.
110,
,
:

. (Slope)
10 (
), 1 (
).
1. Spatial Analyst
.
2.
Slope.
3. .
28
4.
.
5.
10.
6. OK.
5

ArcMap, .
() ,
( ).
Slope,
, ..
.
7.

10. 9 ,
8 .. NoData , .
8. OK.

29
.
, 10
, ( ),
1 (
),
.
.
1. Spatial Analyst
.
4.
.
5.
10.
6. OK.
1
5
2.
rec_sites.
3. .
30
,
,
,
.
7. Slope,

10.
9, 8 .. NoData ,
.

ArcMap,
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.
.
8. OK.
7
:

ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex2\recR.
8

31

, .
,
10 (
), 1 , (
),
.
.
1. Spatial Analyst
.
4.
.
5.
10.
6. OK.
1
5
2.
schools.
3. .
32

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.
( )
( ),
.
7. OK.
:

ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex2\schR.

ArcMap,
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.
.

33

,
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.
.

. No Data,
, .

No Data.
5. Water () ,
Shift, Wetland (),
.
6.
NoData.
NoData.
7. OK.
1. Spatial Analyst
.
2.
Landuse.
3.
Landuse.
4. :
Agriculture (/)10
Built up ()3
Barren land ()6
Forest ()4
Brush/Transitional ()5
34

ArcMap,
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11
10
:

ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex2\landuseR.
8. landuse
..
9. .
10.
Arctic White,
, ( )
.
11. OK.

35
4:
,

,

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.
:
( 100
.)
:
0.5 (50%)
2.
rec_sites ,
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0.25 (25%)
3. .
0.125 (12.5%)
4. 0.5 .
0.125 (12.5%)
5. .
1. Spatial Analyst
.
6.
schools.
7. .
8. 0.25.
9. .
10. landuse.
11. .
12. 0.25.
13. .
14. slope.
15. .
36
16. 0.125.
17. ,
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18.
.
19. .
20. .
21. 10.
22. ,
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23. ,
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24.
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25. OK.
17
20
19
21
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22
24
25
23

37
,
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1
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Suitability ().
29
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6. ,
.
1. ArcCatalog
.
1
2.
(c:\spatial).
3. Spatial,
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40
7. ,
.
10. OK
.
11. OK
.
School_site
.
12. , ,
ArcCatalog, ArcMap.
13.
,
( : ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial).
14. roads.shp.
15. .
14
13
8. Projected Coordinate Systems,

State Plane, NAD 1983 NAD 1983
StatePlane Vermont FIPS 4400.prj.
9. .
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15
16.

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9
17. School_site.
18. .

41
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19
20
21.
.
21
42
22. c:\spatial (
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28.
.
23. OK.
29. .
24.
.
: school_site
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex3\source.shp.
25.
School_site.
26.
.
26
24
25

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1. Suitability
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2.

(c:\spatial).
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3. slope ( ,
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4. .
5.
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ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial).
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27

43
7. Landuse
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2.
slope.
3. .
2
7
3
1. Spatial Analyst
.
4.
.
5.
10.
6. OK.
44

,
.

1. Spatial Analyst
.

,
7. OK .

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(
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45
2.
Landuse.
3.
Landuse.
4. ,
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Agriculture (/)4
Built up ()9
Barren land ()6
Forest ()8

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(Wetlands)
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8. landuse
.
Brush/Transitional (.)5 Water () 10
9. .

.
10.
Arctic White.
5. Wetlands (),
.
6.
NoData.
11. OK.
9
7. OK.
4
10
5
11
46

,

.
,
, .
1. Spatial Analyst
.
2. landuse,
.
3. .
4. slope,
.
5. .

47
ArcMap.
,
.
.
2:
,
(Cost)
School_site ().
,
,

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7,
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1. Spatial Analyst,
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6. ,
, Cost
().
, Cost, School_site Roads.

7. landuse, ,
Ctrl, slope,
slope landuse.
8.
.
48
2.
School_site.
3.
Cost.
4. .
5. OK.

ArcMap, .
7
4
3:
3
.
,
Distance () Direction (
), .
,
.
, .
5
6.
, Distance.
7.
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1. .
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3. Destination .
,
Destination,

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49
4. Spatial Analyst,
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.
9. Distance, ,
Ctrl, Direction Cost.
10. Cost ,
.
5.
Destination.
6.
Distance.
7.
Direction.
10
.
8. OK.
5
6
7
50

, ,
.

1.
.
2.
(c:\spatial).
3. Hillshade .
:
ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Spatial\Results\Ex1\Hillshade.
4.
.
5. , (
6. Landuse .

7. ,
,
.
8.
landuse.
9.
30 .

51
Landuse,
,
.
1. Landuse
.

1.
.
2. .
3.
landuse.
4. OK.
,
.
5.

.
2. ,
, (
, ,
).
52

, ,
.
1. Roads
.
2. .
3. .
4.
STREET_NAM.
5. OK.

53
6. .
,

(c:\spatial),
(Spatial_Tutorial), .
, .
Spatial Analyst, ,
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54
Spatial Analyst ,
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outgrid = [Inlayer1] * [Inlayer2]

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182
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2.
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3. .
4. .
5. 3 4,
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6. .
6

'
.
,
[elevation] > 3000 & [landuse]
== 5
'

3000 ,
5. '
, '
( 3000
5) '

1. , '
'
( 3000
5)
'
0. f

.

.

1.
Spatial Analyst
.
2. ,

,
(,
elevation).
3. ,
(B
, > or And).
4. , B
B
(,
3000)
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5. ,
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B
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expressions, multiline

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183
'
'

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Exp.

,

, '
ArcMap):
Exp([Density])

, '
,
ArcMap,
.
'
,
:
Exp(c:\data\Density)

f

1.
Spatial Analyst
.
1
2. B
(>>),
B
B
.
3. ,
.
4. ,
B
.
5. .

.
.

A.
.
B.
.

,
Spatial Analyst.
184
Spatial Analyst.
'
SLICE:
slice([elevation], eqinterval, 20)
SLICE
() 20 '
.

, ,
, '

.

(,
ArcMap):
slice([elevation], eqinterval, 20)
,
' , '
, '
,
'
: slice(c:\data\elevation],
eqinterval, 20)
1.
Spatial Analyst
.
2.
(, slice).
3. .
4. ,
B
B
.
4
5. B
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6. .
8

Spatial Analyst, ,

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Map
Algebra.
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Analyst.
185

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187

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2.
B
B
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3.
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2
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5.
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3
4
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6. OK.

Spatial Analyst,

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188

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1.
Spatial Analyst, B
,
.
2.
B
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1
3.
,

B
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4.

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3
4
5.
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6. OK.
6
189
A
, Spatial Analyst
,
.
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(Map Algebra) Spatial Analyst.
.
.
, .. ,
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,

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.
191

Spatial Analyst ' '
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192
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(Straight Line) ,
(Cost Weighted Distance). '
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Spatial Analyst :
'
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: (3.14), (2.718) DEG(57.296) ' '
/ .
,
, '
. '
, .
, , '
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, .

:
, , .
[inlayer1] + [inlayer2]
,
,
'
inlayer1 inlayer2 .
'
, , .
- [inlayer1]

,
inlayer1 '

, ,
, .
sin(c:\data\ingrid1)
mean([inlayer1], [inlayer2], [inlayer3])

focalsum([inlayer1], rectangle, 3, 3)
zonalmean([inlayer1], c:\spatial\ingrid2)
eucdistance(e:\data2\ingridsource)
.

,
inlayer1. '
, '
inlayer1, inlayer2
inlayer3.
'
. '

inlayer2 , inlayer1.

(eucdistance) , '
ingridsource.
, '
. '
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.
, '
:
sin([inlayer1]) + pow([inlayer2], 2)
(. '
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B). Spatial Analyst '
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193
, Spatial Analyst
, .
, '
.
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; Spatial Analyst
calc (,
calc1). , calc

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Spatial Analyst
'
. ,
Spatial Analyst
,
.

'
, , ', , ,
.
, , ',
'
.
, ',
,
( '
, :
cos(inlayer1)
'
' (Value
Attribute Table, VAT), : '
(Value) (Count).
,
. , '
,
, , '
.

, , '
, '
.
. '
,
, ', ,
'
, ArcMap:
cos(E:\mydirectory\ingrid1)
' ,
,
.
cos([inlayer1])
194
,
.
, ,
, , .
, .
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
, , FocalSum ZonalMin,
.

(Help).

. , ( )

,
;

,
..
..
..

.
(Help) Int, Float, Floor Ceil.
" "
" " (NoData) Spatial
Analyst :
. .
. .
. .
.
.

,
A

" ",
" ".
:
" ",

. " " (NoData)
,
,
.
:
,
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195
. '
" " (NoData) '
, " " '
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,
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.

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Select (),
, ' (True),
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Test,
0 , '
' (False).
(Con), '
, '
, ' (False), ,
False, " '
".
196
, , Popularity ('
), Majority () Minority (),
, .
N Popularity ,
Majority Minority, '
" ". , '
.
, . '
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, . ,
N ,
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Spatial
Analyst (Help) " "
.
" " "

"
"
" '
. ,
' " "
( ' ).
" "
Spatial Analyst. '
(Reclassify), '
' IsNull Con.
con(isnull ([inlayer1]), 0, [inlayer1])
: (Con)
inlayer1 NoData (IsNull),
0; " " ( '
), inlayer1.
'
" " ( ), '
SetNull.
setnull([inlayer1] > 100, [inlayer1])
100
" ". , "
", , '
.

" ".

Con
Con ' conditional statement
( ). Con ' ,
. Con :
Con (condition, true_expression, condition,
true_expression, condition, true_expression,
false_expression)
condition ' , '

. ' true,
true_expression '
.

true_expression, '
, ' true.

true, '
false_expression.
, , '
, " '
". Con:
con([inlayer1] > 5, 10, 100)
, '
inlayer1 5,
10, inlayer1 '
5 '
100.
false_expression ,
con([inlayer1] > 5, 10)
, , '
5 inlayer1 '
"
".
true_expression
false_expression
(. '
).
con([inlayer1] > 5, sin([inlayer1]), cos([inlayer1]))
'
5 5 ,
.
Con ,
true_expression,
,
.
false_expression ,
.
con([inlayer1] < 5, sin([inlayer1]), [inlayer1] <
20, cos([inlayer1]), [inlayer1] > 50, 100, 0)
'
5, 5
20; 50 100; '
, 20, 50,
0.
Con '
.
197
con(([inlayer1] > 5 & [inlayer1] < 10), 5, 100)

.
con(sin([inlayer1]) > .5, 10, 100)
con(([inlayer1] + [inlayer2]) > 10, 100, 5)
con([inlayer1] > 5, cos([inlayer1]), sin([inlayer1]))
Con Con.
con([inlayer1] > 23, 5, con([inlayer1] > 20, 12,
con((([inlayer1] > 2) & (ingrid1 < 17)),
sin([inlayer1]), 100)))
'

.
con([inlayer1] + c:\data\ingrid2 > 7, sin([inlayer1]),
cos(c:\data\ingrid2))
con([inlayer1] < 9, [inlayer1] * c:\data\ingrid2 +
tan([inlayer3]), cos([inlayer1]))
198

Spatial Analyst.
.
.
, , '
, , '
.

'
, '
, , ,
ASCII.
,
:
[inlayer1] * [inlayer2] div c:\data\ingrid3

,
:
[inlayer1] * [inlayer2]
[inlayer1] && [inlayer2]
[inlayer1] diff [inlayer2]

; , ()
' '
:
- [inlayer1]
^^ c:\mydirectory\ingrid1
^ [inlayer1]
' , :

, '

.
([inlayer1] div [inlayer2]) * [inlayer3]
[inlayer1] + ([inlayer2] + 8)
[inlayer1] + [inlayer2] - [inlayer3]
(([inlayer1] * 6) + [inlayer2]) & d:\data\ingrid3
e:\sp\ingrid1 mod [inlayer2] div e:\sp\ingrid3
, , ',

:
^ [inlayer1] & [inlayer2]
[inlayer1] & [inlayer2]

[inlayer1] + c:\results\ingrid2 - [inlayer3]
[inlayer_1] + [inlayer2]
[inlayer12345] + [inlayer2]
(, { \ .
,

,
, '
(. B). ,
.
199
'
, :
[inlayer1] + c:\input_data\ingrid2 - [inlayer3]
. '

:
[inlayer] in {0, 3, 5, 8}
'
.
, '
:
5
[inlayer1] + (c:\data\ingrid2 & [inlayer3])
, '
5.
[inlayer1] / ([inlayer2] - [inlayer3])
9 + 20
, '
;
'
:
, '
29.
([inlayer1] + [inlayer2]) / ([inlayer3] !! [inlayer4])
([inlayer1] - [inlayer2]) >> ([inlayer3] mod

c:\spatial\ingrid4)
[inlayer1] / [inlayer2] + 5
. '
:
[inlayer1] <= 40 - [inlayer2] + 7
([inlayer1] diff [inlayer2]) * [inlayer3]
([inlayer1] + ([inlayer2]
[inlayer4]))) / [inlayer5]
([inlayer3]
>>
[inlayer1] >> (( ^ [inlayer2]) ! [inlayer3])

([inlayer1] diff ([inlayer2] - ([inlayer3] &&
([inlayer4] - [inlayer5])))) div [inlayer6]
[inlayer1] < 2 * 35
' '
.
. '
, '
, , :
([inlayer1] + 5) * 20
[inlayer1] / [inlayer2] - (5 - 2)
10 * ([inlayer1] + (6 / ([inlayer2] diff [inlayer3])))
[inlayer1] + 5
c:\data\ingrid1 > 8
[inlayer1] diff 3
'
, :
200
min([inlayer1],
abs([inlayer4])
,
, ,
, '
, :
ceil([inlayer1]) * slice([inlayer2], eqarea, 10)
tan([inlayer])
focalmax([inlayer1], rectangle, 4, 4)
zonalmin([zonelayer], [valuelayer])
:
focalmin([inlayer1], circle, 6)
zonalmax([zonelayer], c:\data\valuegrid)
.
, , .
:
selectbox([inlayer1], 45, 67, 200, 360)
zonalmean([zonelayer], c:\data\valgrid, NoData)

, , ,
', :
sin([inlayer1]) + [inlayer2]
rectangle,
3,
3)
[inlayer3])
popularity(2, [inlayer1], [inlayer2], [inlayer3])

* tan([inlayer4])
, , '
, ,
.

. , '
,
'
:
(sin([inlayer1]) + focalrange(c:\data\ingrid2,circle,
7)) - 6
[inlayer1]
*
(zonalmax([inlayer2]
e:\algebra\ingrid3) + [valuelayer] / 8)
(majority([inlayer1], ([inlayer2] - [inlayer3]),

[inlayer4]) && (^ ([inlayer5] - 10)) / [inlayer6])
> 8
focalrange([inlayer1], annulus, 2, 4)
focalsum([inlayer1],
tan([inlayer2])
[inlayer2],
,

:
sin(focalmean ([inlayer1])) < 2 * 3
regiongroup(reclass([inlayer1],
c:\data\reclass_table.txt))
majority(([inlayer1] + [inlayer2]), cos([inlayer3]),
zonalmin([inlayer4], [inlayer5]))
zonalmin([zonelayer], [valuelayer]) - 3
; '
, , '
:
201

. ,
.
.
7 .
203

.
.
Operator
Arithmetic:
mod
*
/
div
+
Boolean:
^, not
&, and
!, or
l, xor
Relational:
<, lt
<=, le
>, gt
>=, ge
==, eq
^=, <>, ne
Bitwise:
^^
>>
<<
&&
!!
ll
Combinatorial:
cand
cor
cxor
Logical:
diff
in
over
204
OPERATORS
Description of operator
Precedence
unary minus
modulus
multiplication
division
Floating-point division
addition
subtracts
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
complement of expression
and
exclusive or
or
12
3
2
2
less than
less than and equal to
greater than
greater than and equal to
equal to
not equal to
6
6
6
6
6
6
bitwise complement of expression

right shift
left shift
bitwise and
bitwise exclusive or
bitwise or
12
7
7
5
4
4
and
or
exclusive or
9
8
8
logical difference
contained in
over
8
8
8

'
. '
, Spatial Analyst
. Spatial Analyst '
,
.
- [inlayer1] + [inlayer2] div [inlayer3]
, '
inlayer1, inlayer2
inlayer3 , '
( ' inlayer1 + inlayer2
inlayer3).
'
.
[inlayer1] * [inlayer2] div [inlayer3]
Spatial Analyst
inlayer1 inlayer2,
inlayer3.
'
(<< >>)
7, ( ', ^ ^^), '
12. '
.
- ^ ^^ [inlayer1]
(^^)
inlayer1, (^) '
, ,
'
.
205

Slice
Reclass
Slice Reclass

(Reclassify)
Spatial Analyst
,
.
(NoData) ,
,
, .
(
INFO ASCII)
Reclass Slice.
INFO ASCII
Reclass Slice.
207
ASCII

Reclass Slice. '
Spatial Analyst.
'
Spatial Analyst,
, , '
. .
ASCII , INFO,

.
,
,
.
ASCII '
, '
.
. '
'
, . '
, '
#. '
.
'
.
, '
. ,
, .
, '
. ' LOWEST'INPUT , '
,
. LOWEST'INPUT :
lowest'input <>, <> '
, .
LOWEST'INPUT , '
. '
, 1 20
LOWEST'INPUT 5 ' '
5. LOWEST'INPUT ,

.
, LOWEST'OUTPUT,
'

ASCII INFO. .
,
' .
INFO
Value
3
5
10
15
Symbol
1
2
3
4
3 1.
3 5 '
2.
5 10 '
3.
10 15 '
4.
15
(NoData).
208
.
'
, (
) .
LOWEST'OUTPUT : lowest'output <>,
<> ' ' '
. LOWEST'OUTPUT , '
1.
.
.
'
'
:

'

'
. '
.

.
. , '
.
, '
1 20. '
, ,
,
.
# 1
#
LOWEST'INPUT 3
LOWEST'OUTPUT 2
5
6
7
15
INFO, '
'
. ,
.
'
, LOWEST'OUTPUT.
,
LOWEST'OUTPUT.
LOWEST'OUTPUT 1 , '
'
. ,
, (NoData).
Input Cell Value
Less than 3
3 to 5
Greater than 5 to 6
Greater than 6 to 7
Greater than 7 to 15
Greater than 15
Output Reclassified
Value
NoData
2 (lowest-output)
3 (lowest-output + 1)
NoData
:
LOWEST'INPUT ,
5 2.
1, LOWEST'OUTPUT
2 .
,
, . ,
.
.
:
'
.
C
209
, LOWEST'OUTPUT '
.
LOWEST'OUTPUT 2
35
# 3
59
13 15
LOWEST'INPUT 3
LOWEST'INPUT . LOWEST'
OUTPUT '
. , '
.
, '
. , 5 ' 9 8 to 12 '
.
:
5 : 10
# 2
9
13, , , '
, NoData.
Input Cell Values
Less than 3
3 to 5
Greater than 5 to 9
Greater than 15
Output Reclassified
Value
NoData
2
3
NoData
4
NoData
, '

. '
'
(:) .
210
6 : 16
7 : 62
15 : 28
:
'
.
Input Cell Values

Less than 3
3 to 5
Greater than 5 to 6
Greater than 6 to 7
Greater than 15
Output Reclassified
Value
NoData
10
16
62
28
NoData
# 4
#
35:9
59:8
13 15 : 59
:
Input Cell Values
Less than 3
3 to 5
Greater than 5 to 9
Greater than 15
Output
Reclassified Value
NoData
9
8
NoData
59
NoData
,
.

.
.
#
LOWEST'INPUT 3
5 : 10
6
'
ASCII, '
.

ASCII. ,
. , '
,
, '
, .
7 : 62
15
. '

.
#
LOWEST'INPUT 3
LOWEST'OUTPUT 2
5
69
11
15
'
'
. '
C
211
Slice
Slice '
.
Slice
INFO .
slice (<raster>, {TABLE}, <remap_table>, {in_item}, {out_item},
{in_min})
:
slice([inlayer1], table, remap_table, type, code)
, table ' ,
, remap_table ' ,
code ' .
, , '
INFO. '
,
VALUE LINK.
, , INFO
VALUE LINK,
.
Grid.item.
Slice .item '
, INFO
VALUE
(VAT).
INFO
VALUE. INFO '
, VALUE
VAT, . ,
VAT, '
. INFO
.
'
Slice.
212
INFO table
VALUE
0
1
2
4
VAT
COUNT
5
5
3
2
pH
0.0
6.0
6.2
7.5
Remap_Table
VALUE
pH
LINK
0
10
0.0
1
50
6.0
2
100
6.2
4
75
7.5
slice([inraster1], table, c:\data\remap_table, value, link)
213
INFO table
VALUE
0
1
2
4
VAT
COUNT
5
5
3
2
pH
0.0
6.0
6.2
7.5
Remap Table
pH
LINK
0.0
10
6.0
50
6.2
100
7.5
75
slice([inlayer1].ph, table, c:\data\Remap_Table, ph, link)
214
Reclass
Reclass ()
, Slice
. '
, Reclass '
, '
. , '

, Reclass '
, , ,
VAT
VALUE
COUNT
0
5
1
5
2
3
4
2
ASCII_Remap
_Table
0 : 10
1 : 50
2 : 100
4 : 75
reclass([inlayer1], c:\data\ASCII_Remap_Table.txt)
. '
.
215
Slice Reclass
Reclass
, Slice ' '
. Slice '
, ,
,
. '
,
'
.
:
Slice , Reclass
,
.
Reclass
. Slice .
Reclass
INFO .
216

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Spatial Analyst

Copyright 1999-2001 ESRI.

U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED/LIMITED RIGHTS

ARCGIS SPATIAL ANALYST.

ArcGIS Spatial Analyst

ARCGIS SPATIAL ANALYST.

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Brush/Transitional (.)5 Water () 10

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Spatial Analyst ' '

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ArcMap Spatial Analyst

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, 50% (0.5) '

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