A Seminar Report On

LiFi the latest technology in Wireless Communication

For

The partial fulfillment of B.Tech. Course & as per curriculum of

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA (RAJASTHAN)

Submitted To: Mr. Lokesh Sharma

(ECE Dept.)

Submitted To: Mr. K.K. Bhargav

(HOD ECE Dept.)

Submitted By:Bhuvan Kumar Lodha

(Roll No: 08EMTEC022)

MAIET, JAIPUR

MAIET, JAIPUR

Department of Electronics & Comm. Engineering Maharishi Arvind Institute of Engineering & Technology Jaipur (Raj.)
2011-2012
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Acknowledgement
It gives me a great pleasure in experiencing heartful thanks and profound to Mr. Lokesh Sharma, Mr Saurabh Jain for allowing us to take seminar topic under their guidance. We extended our deep sense of gratitude for their persistence encouragement, motivation and inspiration which led us to pinnacle of success. Anything done would have been very difficult without their vast, experience, innovative ideas and through knowledge. We are thankful to all our friends and teachers who have always motivated us and shown the right way to proceed in our work. Thanks to our parent, family members and friends for their continuous support and encouragement to strive for our goals.

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Contents
Acknowledgement Abstract Introduction to LiFi Present Scenario Four concerned issues with Radio Waves Capacity Efficiency Availability Security Alternative to Radio Waves in EM spectrum Light for Wireless communication What we have to do? How we do this? Is it a proven technology? Overcoming the Four issues with RW in LiFi Applications of LiFi Conclusion

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Abstract
Whether youre using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or competing for bandwidth at a conference, youve probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you face when more than one device is tapped into the network. As more and more peopleand their many devicesaccess wireless internet, clogged airwaves are going to make it. One German physicist, Harald Haas, has come up with a solution he calls data through illumination taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. Its the same idea behind infrared remote controls, but far more Powerful. Haas says his invention, which he calls D-Light, can produce data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a future where data for laptops, smart phones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. And security would be a snapif you cant see the light, you cant access the data.

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Introduction to LiFi
LiFi is transmission of data through illumination by taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through a LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow

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"At the heart of this technology is a new generation of highbrightness light-emitting diodes," says Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh, UK. "Very simply, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it's off you transmit a 0," Haas says. "They can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data." It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give different strings of 1s and 0s. The LED intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eyes cannot notice, so the output appears constant. More sophisticated techniques could dramatically increase VLC data rates. Teams at the University of Oxford and the University of Edinburgh are focusing on parallel data transmission using arrays of LEDs, where each LED transmits a different data stream. Other groups are using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the light's frequency, with each frequency encoding a different data channel. Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has already achieved blisteringly high speeds in the lab. Researchers at the Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, Germany, have reached data rates of over 500 megabytes per second using a standard white-light LED.

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Present Scenario
We have 1.4 million cellular mast radio waves base stations deployed We also have over 5 billions of mobile phones Mobile phone transmits more than 600 Tb of data Wireless communication has become a utility like electricity & water We use it in our everyday life, in our private life, business life Currently WiFi uses Radio Waves for communication It is important to look into this technology which has become fundamental to our life

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Four Issues With Radio Waves

1.

Capacity :
We transmit wireless data through radio waves Radio waves are limited Radio waves are scar and expensive We only have a certain range of it With the advent of the new generation technologies as of likes of 2.5G, 3G, 4G and so on we are running out of spectrum

2.

Efficiency:
There are 1.4 million cellular radio base stations They consume massive amount of energy Most of this energy is not used for transmission but for cooling down the base stations Efficiency of such a base station is only 5% and that raise a very big problem

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3.

Availability:
Availability of radio waves or rf signals causes another concern We have to switch off our mobiles in aero planes It is not advisable to use mobiles at places like petrochemical plants and petrol pumps

4.

Security:
Radio waves penetrates through walls They can be intercepted If someone has a knowledge and bad intentions than he may misuse it

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Alternative to Radio Waves in Electromagnetic spectrum

So there are four major concerns i.e., capacity, efficiency, availability and security related with Radio waves. But on the other hand we have 40 billions of light box already installed and light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum

So lets look up at this in context of EM spectrum

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Gamma rays are simply very dangerous and thus cant be used for our purpose of communication X-Rays are good in hospital and cant be used either

Ultra- Violet rays are sometimes good for our skin but for long duration it is dangerous

Infra-Red rays are bad for our eyes and are therefore used at low power levels

We have already seen shortcomings of Radio waves

So we are left with only Visible Light spectrum

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Also if we see the spectrum band of visible light than we will find that it is 10000 times more than that of radio waves

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Light for WiFi communication

Light has been around for millions of years It has created us, has created life and has created all stuffs of life FLICKERING lights are annoying but they may have an upside. Visible light communication (VLC) uses rapid pulses of light to transmit information wirelessly. Now it may be ready to compete with conventional Wi-Fi.

So it is inherently safe to use and would be great if we can use it for our wireless communication.

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What we have to do?

We have to replace inefficient fluorescents lights with this new dignitaries of LED lights It is a semi conductive e-device The LED bulb will hold a micro-chip that will do the job of processing the data. Light intensity can be modulated at very high speeds to send data by tiny changes in amplitude.

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How we do this?
Remote control has an IR-led It creates a single data stream High speed data rates of 10000b/s to 20000b/s Replace remote control with light box With this technology we transmits 1000s of data stream in parallel at high speeds We termed this technology as Special Modulation

Remote Control

Data via LED

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Is It a Proven Technology?
Yes, this is already proven. Harald Haas demonstrated his invention using an ordinary table lamp that successfully transmitted data at speeds exceeding 10Mbps using light waves from LED light bulbs to a computer located below the lamp. To prove that the light bulb was the source of the data stream, he periodically blocked the beam of light, causing the connection to drop.

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Overcoming the Four issues with RW in LiFi

1. Capacity:
10000 times more spectrum than RW Light box are already present So we have the infrastructure available and already installed

2.

Efficiency:
Data through illumination and thus data transmission comes for free LED lights consumes less energy Highly efficient

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3.

Availability:
Everywhere light is present

4.

Security:
Light waves doesnt penetrates through walls Cant be intercepted & misused Data is present where there is light

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Applications of LiFi:
At present its applications ate beyond imagination but still if to think about few then they are:

Can be used in the places where it is difficult to lay the optical fiber like hospitals. In operation theatre LiFi can be used for modern medical instruments. In traffic signals LiFi can be used which will communicate with the LED lights of the cars and accident numbers can be decreased. Thousand and millions of street lamps can be transferred to LiFi lamps to transfer data. In aircraft LiFi can be used for data transmission. It can be used in petroleum or chemical plants where other transmission or frequencies could be hazardous.

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Conclusion

The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If this technology can be put into practical use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi-Fi hotspot to transmit wireless data and we will proceed towards the Cleaner, Greener, Safer and Brighter future.

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