Designation: A 571M 84 (Reapproved 1997) METRIC

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specication for

Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service [Metric]1
This standard is issued under the xed designation A 571M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 1.1 This specication covers austenitic ductile iron, Type D2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. 1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and free of ake graphite. They are essentially free of carbides and contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic matrix down to 252C (liquid hydrogen). 1.3 This specication covers only SI units and is not to be used or confused with inch-pound units.
NOTE 1This specication is the metric counterpart of Specication A 571.
2

3. Ordering Information 3.1 Orders for material under this specication shall include the following information: 3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces), 3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue, 3.1.3 Impact test temperature requirement, 3.1.4 Place of inspection (Section 13), and 3.1.5 Certication requirements (Section 14). 4. Materials and Manufacture 4.1 MaterialThe iron shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is capable of producing castings meeting the chemical compositions and mechanical properties in this specication. 4.2 Heat Treatment: 4.2.1 All castings shall be heat treated. 4.2.2 Heat treatment shall be performed before machining except in instances when reheat treating is necessary. 4.2.3 Heat treatment shall consist of annealing. The procedure for this type treatment shall consist of heating the casting to a minimum of 870C but not greater than 980C holding at that temperature not less than 1 h/in. of section and furnace cooling. (See Terminology A 919.) 5. Chemical Requirements 5.1 Drillings taken from test coupons, broken test specimens or castings shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. 5.2 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers approximately 0.8 mm thick cut from test coupons. Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss of graphite. 6. Physical Property Requirements 6.1 Tensile PropertiesThe room temperature mechanical properties of the two classes of ductile iron used for the casting shall conform to the requirements for the heat treated condition shown in Table 2. 6.2 Impact PropertiesThe notched-bar impact properties of the materials shall be determined by testing a set of three Charpy V-notch impact specimens to the energy absorption requirements shown in Table 2. The test temperature shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. The energy

1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specication: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals3 E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials4 E 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials4 E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron5 E 59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition5
1 This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-4 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings. Current edition approved June 15, 1984. Published August 1984. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specication SA-571 in Section II of that code. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.

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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element Total carbon Silicon Manganese Nickel Chromium Phosphorus Composition, % 2.22.7A 1.52.50 3.754.5 21.024.0 0.20 maxB 0.08 max

ns, and other useless cast-on pieces shall be removed. In other respects the castings shall conform to whatever points may be specically agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 8. Sampling 8.1 The standard test coupons shall be the 25-mm Y block and 25-mm keel block as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively. 8.2 The separately cast test coupons from which the tension test specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shape shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. The size of coupon cast to represent the casting shall be at the option of the purchaser. In case no option is expressed, the manufacturer shall make the choice. 8.3 Test coupons shall be poured immediately after the castings and from the same ladle of metal. Test coupons shall be left in the mold until they have cooled black. Test coupons shall be included in the same furnace load as the castings they represent. 9. Number of Tests and Retests 9.1 Test coupons shall be poured from each ladle treated with nodulizing agent unless otherwise specied. 9.2 The number of representative coupons poured and tested shall be established by the manufacturer, unless otherwise agreed upon with the purchaser. 9.3 One tension test at room temperature and three impact tests at the required temperature shall be performed from each ladle treated with nodulizing agent unless otherwise specied. 9.4 If any test specimens (tension or impact) show obvious foundry defects, another specimen may be cut from the same test coupon or from another test coupon representing the same metal. The manufacturer may reheat treat castings, but only once without requiring approval of the purchaser, if the test results do not conform to the requirements specied. 9.5 Failure of the retest specimen to conform to this

A For castings with sections under 6 mm, it may be desirable to adjust the carbon upwards to a maximum of 2.90 %. B Not intentionally added.

TABLE 2 Mechanical Property RequirementsA

Class 1 Tensile strength, min, MPa Yield strength 0.2 %, min, MPaB Elongation, min, % Brinell Hardness, 3000 kgf Charpy V-notch, Minimum, average 3 tests Minimum, individual testC
A B

Class 2 415 170 25 111 to 171 27 20

450 205 30 121 to 171 20 16

Heat treated condition. Yield strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset by the offset method, see Test Methods E 8. Other methods may be agreed upon by mutual consent of manufacturer and purchaser. C Not more than one test in a set of three may be below the minimum average required for the set of three.

absorption value shown in Table 2 are applicable at temperatures down to and including 195C. 6.3 Brinell HardnessThe room temperature hardness of test bars and castings shall conform to the requirements of Table 2. 7. Workmanship and Finish 7.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances on the drawings furnished by the purchaser, or if no drawing has been provided, to the dimensions predicated by the pattern supplied by the purchaser. The castings shall be free from injurious defects. Surfaces of the castings shall be free of burnt-on sand and shall be reasonably smooth. Runners, risers,

Y Block Size Dimensions For Castings of Thickness Less than 12.5 mm mm A B C D E 12.5 40 50 100 175 For Castings of Thickness 12.5 to 40 mm mm 25 55 75 150 175 For Castings of Thickness 40 mm and Over mm 75 125 100 200 175

FIG. 1 Y Blocks for Test Coupons

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NOTE 1If desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased to accommodate an extensometer. NOTE 1The length of the keel block shall be 150 mm.
FIG. 2 Keel Block for Test Coupons FIG. 4 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional to Standard 12.5-mm Round Specimen

specication shall be cause for rejection of the castings that they represent. 10. Specimen Preparation 10.1 Tension test specimens shall be the standard round specimen with 50-mm gage length (Fig. 3) except when the 12.5-mm Y block is being used. In this case, either of the test specimens shown in Fig. 4 shall be satisfactory. 10.2 Impact test specimens shall be machined to the form shown for Type A in Methods E 23. 11. Test Methods 11.1 Chemical AnalysisAll chemical analyses shall be made in accordance with Method E 59 and Methods E 30 or by spectrographic methods. Should a dispute arise concerning the chemical composition when spectrographic techniques are used, the methods specied in Methods E 59 and E 30 shall be used as umpire methods. 11.2 Impact Test: 11.2.1 The notched-bar impact test shall be made in accordance with the procedure for the simple beam Type A Charpy

test described in Methods E 23. 11.2.2 In particular, impact tests at these low temperatures should be made with the following precautions: The impact test specimens as well as the handling tongs shall be cooled a sufficient time in a suitable container so that both reach the desired temperature. The temperature shall be measured with thermocouples, thermometers, or any other suitable devices and shall be controlled within 66C. The specimens shall be quickly transferred from the cooling device to the anvil of the Charpy impact testing machine and broken with a time lapse of not more than 5 s. 12. Special Tests 12.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Tests: 12.1.1 Each pressure-containing casting, where practicable, shall be tested after machining to the test pressure specied by any applicable code and shall show no leaks. Castings ordered under this specication not covered by any pertinent specication and castings ordered for special service applications shall be tested to such pressures as may be established by the purchaser. 12.1.2 Although the foundry cannot always perform the required pressure testing on unmachined castings, they shall be responsible for the satisfactory performance of the castings under the nal tests required in 12.1.1. 12.2 Additional Tests: 12.2.1 Radiographic standards, fracture tests, microstructure standards, liquid penetrant tests, or any other special tests may be required when so specied in the inquiry, contract or order and when mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. 12.2.2 Due to the very low magnetic permeability of this material, the magnetic particle inspection test is not an acceptable method of qualication. 13. Inspection 13.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have entry at all times, while work on the contract of the purchaser
3

NOTE 1The gage length and llets shall be as shown but the ends may be of any shape to t the holders of the testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends 0.0080.13 mm larger in diameter than the center.
FIG. 3 Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 50-mm Gage Length

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is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturers works which concern the manufacture of the materials ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specication. Unless otherwise specied, all tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 14. Certication 14.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and the seller, a certication shall be made the basis of accep-tance of the material. This shall consist of a copy of the manufacturers test report or a statement by the seller, accompanied by a copy of the test results, that the material has been tested and inspected in accordance with the provisions of this specication. Each certication so furnished shall be signed by an authorized agent of the seller or manufacturer.

APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information) X1. Y-BLOCK SELECTION

X1.1 As a general guide for selection of the proper Y-block, the tabulation in Table X1.1, based on cooling rates, shows, for various test coupons, the equivalent geometric shapes with
Y-Block Size, mm 12.5 25 75 Innite Plate, Thickness, mm 12.5 22.5 40

various dimensions (See Fig. X1.1).

TABLE X1.1 Equivalent Geometric Shapes Corresponding to Y-blocks

Round, Diameter, mm 30 44 78 Cube Edge, mm 44 69 120

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(a) 12.5-mm Y BlockTwo blanks for two 6.5-mm diameter tension test specimens. \ (b) 25-mm Y BlockTwo blanks for two 12.5-mm diameter tension test specimens. \ (c) 75-mm Y BlockTwo blanks for two 12.5-mm diameter tension test specimens.

FIG. X1.1 Sectioning Procedure for Y Blocks

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