Program No.1 //WAP to simulate the functionality of Lamport's Logical clock in C. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.

h> long p1(int); long p2(int); long p3(int); long p4(int); void main() { int k; clrscr(); printf("Enter process no."); scanf("%d",&k); while(!kbhit()) { if(k==1) p1(1); if(k==2) p2(1); if(k==3) p3(1); if(k==4) p4(1); } getch(); printf("\n Logical Clock\n"); printf("P1:%ld\nP2:%ld\nP3:%ld\nP4:%ld\n",p1(0),p2(0),p3(0),p4(0)); getch(); } long p1(int i) { static long a=0; if(i==1) { a++; p2(1); return 1; } else return a; } long p2(int i) { static long b=0; if(i==1)

{ b++; p3(1); p4(1); return 1; } else return b; } long p3(int i) { static long c=0; if(i==1) { c++; return 1; } else return c; } long p4(int i) { static long d=0; if(i==1) { d++; p3(1); return 1; } else return d; }

Program No.2 //WAP to Implement Vector clock in C. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> long *p1(int i,long *comp); long *p2(int i,long *comp); long *p3(int i,long *comp); void main() { long start[]={0,0,0},*vector; clrscr(); while(!kbhit()) { p1(1,&start[0]); } printf("\n Process Vector\n"); vector=p1(0,&start[0]); printf("p1[%ld%ld%ld]\n",*vector,*(vector+1),*(vector+2)); vector=p2(0,&start[0]); printf("p2[%ld%ld%ld]\n",*vector,*(vector+1),*(vector+2)); vector=p3(0,&start[0]); printf("p3[%ld%ld%ld]\n",*vector,*(vector+1),*(vector+2)); } long *p1(int i,long *comp) { static long a[]={0,0,0}; int next; if(i==1) { a[0]++; if(*(comp+1)>a[1]) a[1]=*(comp+1); if(*(comp+2)>a[2]) a[2]=*(comp+2); next=random(2); if(next==0) p2(1,&a[0]); else if(next==1) p3(1,&a[0]); return(&a[0]); } else return(&a[0]); } long *p2(int i,long *comp) {

static long b[]={0,0,0}; int next; if(i==1) { b[i]++; if(*comp>b[0]) b[0]=*(comp); if(*(comp+2)>b[2]) b[2]=*(comp+2); next=random(2); if(next==0) p1(1,&b[0]); else if(next==1) p3(1,&b[0]); return &b[0]; } else return &b[0]; } long *p3(int i,long *comp) { static long c[]={0,0,0}; int next; if(i==1) { c[2]++; if(*comp>c[0]) c[0]=*(comp); if(*(comp+1)>c[1]) c[1]=*(comp+1); next=random(2); if(next==0) p1(1,&c[0]); return &c[0]; } else return &c[0]; }

Program No.3 Simulation of Distributed mutual exclusion in java.

import Utilities.*; import Synchronization.*; class Message { public int number, id; public Message(int number, int id) { this.number = number; this.id = id;} } class Node extends MyObject implements Runnable { private static final int MAIN = 0, REQUESTS = 1, REPLIES = 2; private int whichOne = 0; private private private private private private private private private private private private private private private int id = -1; int numNodes = -1; int napOutsideCS = 0; // both are in int napInsideCS = 0; // milliseconds MessagePassing[] requestChannel = null; MessagePassing[] replyChannel = null; MessagePassing requestsToMe = null; MessagePassing repliesToMe = null; int number = 0; int highNumber = 0; boolean requesting = false; int replyCount = 0; BinarySemaphore s = new BinarySemaphore(1); BinarySemaphore wakeUp = new BinarySemaphore(0); boolean[] deferred = null;

public Node(String name, int id, int numNodes, int napOutsideCS, int napInsideCS, MessagePassing[] requestChannel, MessagePassing replyChannel[], MessagePassing requestsToMe, MessagePassing repliesToMe) { super(name + " " + id); this.id = id; this.numNodes = numNodes; this.napOutsideCS = napOutsideCS; this.napInsideCS = napInsideCS; this.requestChannel = requestChannel; this.replyChannel = replyChannel; this.requestsToMe = requestsToMe; this.repliesToMe = repliesToMe; deferred = new boolean[numNodes]; for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) deferred[i] = false; System.out.println(getName() + " is alive, napOutsideCS=" + napOutsideCS + ", napInsideCS=" + napInsideCS); new Thread(this).start(); } public void run() { // start three different threads in the same object int meDo = whichOne++; if (meDo == MAIN) { new Thread(this).start(); main();

} else if (meDo == REQUESTS) { new Thread(this).start(); handleRequests(); } else if (meDo == REPLIES) { handleReplies(); } } private void chooseNumber() { P(s); requesting = true; number = highNumber + 1; V(s); } private void sendRequest() { replyCount = 0; for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) if (j != id) send(requestChannel[j], new Message(number, id)); } private void waitForReply() { P(wakeUp); } private void replyToDeferredNodes() { P(s); requesting = false; V(s); for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) { if (deferred[j]) { deferred[j] = false; send(replyChannel[j], id); } } } private void outsideCS() { int napping; napping = ((int) random(napOutsideCS)) + 1; System.out.println("age()=" + age() + ", " + getName() + " napping outside CS for " + napping + " ms"); nap(napping); } private void insideCS() { int napping; napping = ((int) random(napInsideCS)) + 1; System.out.println("age()=" + age() + ", " + getName() + " napping inside CS for " + napping + " ms"); nap(napping); } private void main() { while (true) { outsideCS(); System.out.println("age()=" + age() + ", node " + id

+ " wants to enter its critical section"); chooseNumber(); // PRE-PROTOCOL sendRequest(); // " waitForReply(); // " insideCS(); System.out.println("age()=" + age() + ", node " + id + " has now left its critical section"); replyToDeferredNodes(); // POST-PROTOCOL } } private void handleRequests() { while (true) { Message m = (Message) receive(requestsToMe); int receivedNumber = m.number; int receivedID = m.id; highNumber = Math.max(highNumber, receivedNumber); P(s); boolean decideToDefer = requesting && (number < receivedNumber || (number == receivedNumber && id < receivedID)); if (decideToDefer) deferred[receivedID] = true; else send(replyChannel[receivedID], id); V(s); } } private void handleReplies() { while (true) { int receivedID = receiveInt(repliesToMe); replyCount++; if (replyCount == numNodes - 1) V(wakeUp); } } } class DistributedMutualExclusion extends MyObject { public static void main(String[] args) { // parse command line options, if any, to override defaults GetOpt go = new GetOpt(args, "Un:R:"); String usage = "Usage: -n numNodes -R runTime" + " napOutsideCS[i] napInsideCS[i] i=0,1,..."; go.optErr = true; int ch = -1; int numNodes = 5; int runTime = 60; // seconds while ((ch = go.getopt()) != go.optEOF) { if ((char)ch == 'U') { System.out.println(usage); System.exit(0); } else if ((char)ch == 'n') numNodes = go.processArg(go.optArgGet(), numNodes); else if ((char)ch == 'R') runTime = go.processArg(go.optArgGet(), runTime); else { System.err.println(usage); System.exit(1);

} } System.out.println("DistributedMutualExclusion: numNodes=" + numNodes + ", runTime=" + runTime); // process non-option command line arguments int[] napOutsideCS = new int[numNodes]; int[] napInsideCS = new int[numNodes]; int argNum = go.optIndexGet(); for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { napOutsideCS[i] = go.tryArg(argNum++, 8); napInsideCS[i] = go.tryArg(argNum++, 2); } // create communication channels MessagePassing[] requestChannel = null, replyChannel = null, requestChannelS = null, requestChannelR = null, replyChannelS = null, replyChannelR = null; requestChannel = new MessagePassing[numNodes]; replyChannel = new MessagePassing[numNodes]; requestChannelS = new MessagePassing[numNodes]; replyChannelS = new MessagePassing[numNodes]; requestChannelR = new MessagePassing[numNodes]; replyChannelR = new MessagePassing[numNodes]; for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { requestChannel[i] = new AsyncMessagePassing(); replyChannel[i] = new AsyncMessagePassing(); requestChannelS[i] = new MessagePassingSendOnly(requestChannel[i]); replyChannelS[i] = new MessagePassingSendOnly(replyChannel[i]); requestChannelR[i] = new MessagePassingReceiveOnly(requestChannel[i]); replyChannelR[i] = new MessagePassingReceiveOnly(replyChannel[i]); } // create the Nodes (they start their own threads) for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) new Node("Node", i, numNodes, napOutsideCS[i]*1000, napInsideCS[i]*1000, requestChannelS, replyChannelS, requestChannelR[i], replyChannelR[i]); System.out.println("All Nodes created"); // let the Nodes run for a while nap(runTime*1000); System.out.println("age()=" + age() + ", time to stop the threads and exit"); System.exit(0); } } Output D:\Prakash\Java\RND\Advanced>javac dimu.java D:\ Prakash\Java\RND\Advanced >java DistributedMutualExclusion -R20 DistributedMutualExclusion: numNodes=5, runTime=20 Node 0 is alive, napOutsideCS=8000, napInsideCS=2000 Node 1 is alive, napOutsideCS=8000, napInsideCS=2000

Node 2 is alive, napOutsideCS=8000, napInsideCS=2000 Node 3 is alive, napOutsideCS=8000, napInsideCS=2000 Node 4 is alive, napOutsideCS=8000, napInsideCS=2000 age()=170, Node 1 napping outside CS for 2719 ms age()=170, Node 2 napping outside CS for 279 ms All Nodes created age()=170, Node 3 napping outside CS for 2355 ms age()=220, Node 0 napping outside CS for 2393 ms age()=220, Node 4 napping outside CS for 8 ms age()=220, node 4 wants to enter its critical section age()=330, Node 4 napping inside CS for 911 ms age()=440, node 2 wants to enter its critical section age()=1260, node 4 has now left its critical section age()=1260, Node 4 napping outside CS for 4042 ms age()=1260, Node 2 napping inside CS for 183 ms age()=1480, node 2 has now left its critical section age()=1480, Node 2 napping outside CS for 7335 ms age()=2530, node 3 wants to enter its critical section age()=2530, Node 3 napping inside CS for 741 ms age()=2580, node 0 wants to enter its critical section age()=2860, node 1 wants to enter its critical section age()=3300, node 3 has now left its critical section age()=3300, Node 3 napping outside CS for 6849 ms age()=3300, Node 0 napping inside CS for 1710 ms age()=5000, node 0 has now left its critical section age()=5000, Node 0 napping outside CS for 5253 ms age()=5000, Node 1 napping inside CS for 1694 ms age()=5330, node 4 wants to enter its critical section age()=6700, node 1 has now left its critical section age()=6700, Node 1 napping outside CS for 3063 ms age()=6700, Node 4 napping inside CS for 397 ms age()=7140, node 4 has now left its critical section age()=7140, Node 4 napping outside CS for 3687 ms age()=8790, node 2 wants to enter its critical section age()=8790, Node 2 napping inside CS for 102 ms age()=8900, node 2 has now left its critical section age()=8900, Node 2 napping outside CS for 1174 ms age()=9780, node 1 wants to enter its critical section age()=9780, Node 1 napping inside CS for 1617 ms age()=10110, node 2 wants to enter its critical section age()=10160, node 3 wants to enter its critical section age()=10270, node 0 wants to enter its critical section age()=10820, node 4 wants to enter its critical section age()=11430, node 1 has now left its critical section age()=11430, Node 1 napping outside CS for 5326 ms age()=11430, Node 2 napping inside CS for 628 ms age()=12090, node 2 has now left its critical section age()=12090, Node 2 napping outside CS for 4970 ms age()=12090, Node 3 napping inside CS for 545 ms age()=12630, node 3 has now left its critical section age()=12630, Node 3 napping outside CS for 7989 ms age()=12630, Node 0 napping inside CS for 904 ms age()=13510, node 0 has now left its critical section age()=13510, Node 0 napping outside CS for 4162 ms age()=13510, Node 4 napping inside CS for 1440 ms age()=15000, node 4 has now left its critical section age()=15000, Node 4 napping outside CS for 2578 ms

age()=16750, age()=16750, age()=16860, age()=16860, age()=17030, age()=17030, age()=17140, age()=17140, age()=17580, age()=17580, age()=17690, age()=19280, age()=19280, age()=19280, age()=20160, age()=20160, age()=20160,

node Node node Node node Node node Node node Node node node Node Node node Node time

1 wants to enter its critical section 1 napping inside CS for 123 ms 1 has now left its critical section 1 napping outside CS for 3709 ms 2 wants to enter its critical section 2 napping inside CS for 97 ms 2 has now left its critical section 2 napping outside CS for 7901 ms 4 wants to enter its critical section 4 napping inside CS for 1695 ms 0 wants to enter its critical section 4 has now left its critical section 4 napping outside CS for 3751 ms 0 napping inside CS for 869 ms 0 has now left its critical section 0 napping outside CS for 6489 ms to stop the threads and exit ... end of example run(s)

*/

Program No.4 Implement a distributed chat server using TCP sockets in java. 1.Server.java /*Chatting program using TCP/IP *server.java *author: Prakash Hari Sharma *Date of creation: 15 March 2009. *this is an open source code, fell free to use it. *Disclaimer: author would not be responsible for any damage or failure in your system while using this. */ import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class server{ public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{ ServerSocket s1=null; try{ s1=new ServerSocket(98); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Port not found"); e.printStackTrace(); } Socket c=null; try{ c=s1.accept(); System.out.println("Connection from"+c); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("not accepted"); e.printStackTrace(); } PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(c.getOutputStream(),true); BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(c.getInputStream())); String l; BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("I am ready type now"); while((l=sin.readLine())!=null){ out.println(l); } out.close(); sin.close(); c.close(); s1.close(); } }

2.Client.java /*Chatting program using TCP/IP *client.java *author: Prakash Hari Sharma *Date of creation: 15 March 2009. *this is an open source code, fell free to use it. *Disclaimer: author would not be responsible for any damage or failure in your system while using this. */ import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class client{ public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{ Socket s=null; BufferedReader b=null; try{ s=new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),98); b=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("I do not host"); e.printStackTrace(); } String inp; while((inp=b.readLine())!=null){ System.out.println(inp); } b.close(); s.close(); } } Running the application Open two cmd prompt and follow these 1.java Server 2.java client Output D:\Prakash\RND\Java\NetWorking\ChatServer>java server Connection fromSocket[addr=/127.0.0.1,port=1120,localport=98] I am ready type now Hello how r u? dude D:\Prakash\RND\Java\NetWorking\ChatServer>java client Hello how r u? dude

Program No.5 Implement Java RMI mechanism for accessing methods of remote systems. 1.CalculatorImpl.java /*implementation of RMI * CalculatorImpl.java *author: Prakash Hari Sharma *Date of creation: 15 March 2009. *this is an open source code, fell free to use it. *Disclaimer: author would not be responsible for any damage or failure in your system while using this. */ public class CalculatorImpl extends java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject implements Calculator { public CalculatorImpl() throws java.rmi.RemoteException { super(); } public long add(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException { return a + b; } public long sub(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException { return a - b; } public long mul(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException { return a * b; } public long div(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException { return a / b; } } 2.Calculator.java /*implementation of RMI * Calculator.java *author: Prakash Hari Sharma *Date of creation: 15 March 2009. *this is an open source code, fell free to use it. *Disclaimer: author would not be responsible for any damage or failure in your system while using this. */ public interface Calculator extends java.rmi.Remote {

public long add(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException; public long sub(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException; public long mul(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException; public long div(long a, long b) throws java.rmi.RemoteException; } 3.CalculatorServer.java /*implementation of RMI * CalculatorServer.java *author: Prakash Hari Sharma *Date of creation: 15 March 2009. *this is an open source code, fell free to use it. *Disclaimer: author would not be responsible for any damage or failure in your system while using this. */ import java.rmi.Naming; public class CalculatorServer { public CalculatorServer() { try { Calculator c = new CalculatorImpl(); Naming.rebind("rmi://localhost:1099/CalculatorService", c); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Trouble: " + e); } } public static void main(String args[]) { new CalculatorServer(); } } 4.CalculatorClient.java /*implementation of RMI * CalculatorClient.java *author: Prakash Hari Sharma *Date of creation: 15 March 2009. *this is an open source code, fell free to use it. *Disclaimer: author would not be responsible for any damage or failure in your system while using this. */ import java.rmi.Naming; import java.rmi.RemoteException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.rmi.NotBoundException; public class CalculatorClient { public static void main(String[] args) { try {

Calculator c = (Calculator) Naming.lookup("rmi://localhost/CalculatorService"); System.out.println( c.sub(4, 3) ); System.out.println( c.add(4, 5) ); System.out.println( c.mul(3, 6) ); System.out.println( c.div(9, 3) ); } catch (MalformedURLException murle) { System.out.println(); System.out.println("MalformedURLException"); System.out.println(murle); } catch (RemoteException re) { System.out.println(); System.out.println("RemoteException"); System.out.println(re); } catch (NotBoundException nbe) { System.out.println(); System.out.println( "NotBoundException"); System.out.println(nbe); } catch ( java.lang.ArithmeticException ae) { System.out.println(); System.out.println( "java.lang.ArithmeticException"); System.out.println(ae); } } } Running The Application D:\Prakash\RND\Java\NetWorking\RMI>rmic CalculatorImpl Now open three cmd prompts and follow these at each. 1. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\NetWorking\RMI>Rmiregistry 2. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\NetWorking\RMI>java CalculatorServer 3. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\NetWorking\RMI>java CalculatorClient OutPut

If all goes well you will see the following output:

1 9 18 3

Program No.6 Implementation of CORBA( Common Object Request Broker Architecture) mechanism. 1.FileInterface.idl interface FileInterface { typedef sequence<octet> Data; Data downloadFile(in string fileName); };
Now, let's compile the FileInterface.idl and generate server-side skeletons. Using the command:

D:\Prakash\RND\Java\CORBA> idlj -fserver FileInterface.idl

2.FileServant.java import java.io.*; public class FileServant extends _FileInterfaceImplBase { public byte[] downloadFile(String fileName){ File file = new File(fileName); byte buffer[] = new byte[(int)file.length()]; try { BufferedInputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(fileName)); input.read(buffer,0,buffer.length); input.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("FileServant Error: "+e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } return(buffer); } } 3.FileServer.java import java.io.*; import org.omg.CosNaming.*; import org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage.*; import org.omg.CORBA.*; public class FileServer { public static void main(String args[]) { try{ // create and initialize the ORB ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null); // create the servant and register it with the ORB FileServant fileRef = new FileServant(); orb.connect(fileRef); // get the root naming context

org.omg.CORBA.Object objRef = orb.resolve_initial_references("NameService"); NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(objRef); // Bind the object reference in naming NameComponent nc = new NameComponent("FileTransfer", " "); NameComponent path[] = {nc}; ncRef.rebind(path, fileRef); System.out.println("Server started...."); // Wait for invocations from clients java.lang.Object sync = new java.lang.Object(); synchronized(sync){ sync.wait(); } } catch(Exception e) { System.err.println("ERROR: " + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(System.out); } } } 4.FileClient.java import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import org.omg.CosNaming.*; import org.omg.CORBA.*; public class FileClient { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { // create and initialize the ORB ORB orb = ORB.init(argv, null); // get the root naming context org.omg.CORBA.Object objRef = orb.resolve_initial_references("NameService"); NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(objRef); NameComponent nc = new NameComponent("FileTransfer", " "); // Resolve the object reference in naming NameComponent path[] = {nc}; FileInterfaceOperations fileRef = FileInterfaceHelper.narrow(ncRef.resolve(path)); if(argv.length < 1) { System.out.println("Usage: java FileClient filename"); } // save the file File file = new File(argv[0]); byte data[] = fileRef.downloadFile(argv[0]); BufferedOutputStream output = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(argv[0]));

output.write(data, 0, data.length); output.flush(); output.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("FileClient Error: " + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } } }

Running the application

1. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\CORBA>tnameserv 2. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\CORBA>java FileServer 3. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\CORBA>idlj -fclient FileInterface.idl 4. D:\Prakash\RND\Java\CORBA>java FileClient hello.txt Output