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    Support and Movement

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    qq235
    This document discusses support systems in animals and plants. In animals, vertebrates have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton to support their weight, while invertebrates have an exoskeleton or hydrostatic skeleton. In plants, woody plants have woody tissues for support and some have additional features like buttress roots. Non-woody plants rely on cell turgor pressure for support and some use tendrils, thorns or twining stems.

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    Support and Movement

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    qq235
    8K views24 pages
    This document discusses support systems in animals and plants. In animals, vertebrates have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton to support their weight, while invertebrates have an exoskeleton or hydrostatic skeleton. In plants, woody plants have woody tissues for support and some have additional features like buttress roots. Non-woody plants rely on cell turgor pressure for support and some use tendrils, thorns or twining stems.

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    form 2 science

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    This document discusses support systems in animals and plants. In animals, vertebrates have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton to support their weight, while invertebrates have an exoskeleton or hydrostatic skeleton. In plants, woody plants have woody tissues for support and some have additional features like buttress roots. Non-woody plants rely on cell turgor pressure for support and some use tendrils, thorns or twining stems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8K views24 pages

    Support and Movement

    Uploaded by

    qq235
    This document discusses support systems in animals and plants. In animals, vertebrates have an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton to support their weight, while invertebrates have an exoskeleton or hydrostatic skeleton. In plants, woody plants have woody tissues for support and some have additional features like buttress roots. Non-woody plants rely on cell turgor pressure for support and some use tendrils, thorns or twining stems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that animals and plants have different internal and external support systems to help support their bodies and structures.

    The main types of support systems in animals are endoskeletons found in vertebrates and exoskeletons or hydrostatic skeletons found in invertebrates.

    The main types of support systems in plants are woody tissues found in woody plants and turgor pressure in cells of non-woody plants. Some woody plants also have additional features like buttress, prop and stilt roots for support.

    yschow@smkbpj(a) 1

    Science
    form 2
    Chapter 8
    Support
    Support
    and
    and
    movement
    movement
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 2
    Content
    8.1 Support Systems in Animals
    8.2 Support Systems in Plants
    8.3 Appreciating the Support System in
    Living Things
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 3
    8.1
    Support Systems in Animals
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 4
    Vertebrate and invertebrate

    Vertebrates
    Vertebrates are animals with backbones.

    Invertebrates
    Invertebrates are animals without
    backbones.
    Vertebrates Vertebrates
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 5
    Vertebrate
    Vertebrates are supported by
    internal
    internal
    skeleton of bones
    skeleton of bones called
    endoskeleton.
    endoskeleton.
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 6
    Vertebrate
    The functions of endoskeleton are:
    (a) to support the body weight
    (b) to protect the internal organs
    (c) to maintain the shape of the body
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 7
    Land Vertebrate
    The land vertebrates have to support their
    own body weight.
    Hence, the endoskeletons of land
    vertebrates are normally
    big and strong
    big and strong.
    Horse skeleton
    Elephant skeleton
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 8
    Aquatic Vertebrate
    The body weight of aquatic vertebrates is
    supported by the buoyancy of water.
    Hence, the endoskeletons of aquatic
    vertebrates are smaller.
    whale skeleton
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 9
    Invertebrate
    The support systems of invertebrates
    consist of
    i. exoskeleton and
    ii. hydrostatic skeleton.
    exoskeleton
    hydrostatic skeleton
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 10
    Invertebrate- Exoskeleton

    Cuticle
    Cuticle is an exoskeleton which is made of
    chitin.
    chitin.
    It covers and protects the body.
    Bees, flies, cockroaches , scorpions, crabs
    and prawns are supported by cuticle.
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 11
    Invertebrate- Hydrostatic skeleton
    Invertebrates which have soft bodies such
    as worms, leeches and caterpillars are
    supported by the body fluid pressure
    called hydrostatic pressure.
    Earth worms Leeches
    Caterpillars
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 12
    8.2
    Support Systems in Plants
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 13
    Woody plants
    The woody plants are
    supported by
    woody
    woody
    tissues.
    tissues.
    Some of the examples
    of woody trees are
    rubber trees, rambutan
    trees and durian trees.
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 14
    Woody plant
    Some woody plants have additional
    features to help them.
    (a) Buttress roots
    (b) Prop roots
    (c) Stilt roots
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 15
    Buttress roots
    Casuarina trees have buttress roots to
    provide additional support to the stems.
    Casuarinas
    8Od@u0du
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 16
    Prop roots
    Banyan trees and maize plants have prop
    roots to give them extra support
    Banyan trees = Pokok Ara
    =0ugd@u0du
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 17
    Stilt roots
    Mangrove trees have stilt roots which
    provide extra support to the stem and help
    them to obtain sunlight.
    Mangrove trees
    = pokok bakau
    8LL0|0
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 18
    Non-woody plant
    Non-woody plants have
    soft stems.
    The turgidity of the cells
    provides support to these
    non-woody plants.
    Some of the examples of
    non-woody plants are yam
    plant, leafy vegetables and
    balsam plant.
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 19
    Non-woody plant
    Some non-woody plants have weak stems
    which are unable to support the plants.
    However, they have other features to help
    them.
    (a) Tendrils
    (b) Thorns and prickles
    (c) Twining stems
    (d) Clasping roots
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 20
    Tendrils
    Cucumber plants and pumpkin plants
    climb and grow upwards using tendrils.
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 21
    Thorns and prickles
    Bougainvillea plants, rattan plants and
    rose plants climb using thorns
    Prickles
    Rattan
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 22
    Twining stems
    Morning glory plants twine around other
    plants to help them climb higher in order to
    get enough sunlight.
    yschow@smkbpj(a) 23
    Clasping roots
    Money plants and pepper plants climb by
    clasping.
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