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    1.4 Understanding Measurements

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    ped
    This document discusses measurements using vernier callipers and micrometer screw gauges. It provides examples of taking readings with these tools and calculating zero errors. It also defines sensitivity as the smallest scale division, accuracy as how close a measurement is to the true or expected value, and precision as how consistent repeated measurements are. Random errors occur unpredictably while systematic errors always occur in one direction and can be reduced by calibrating tools.

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    1.4 Understanding Measurements

    Uploaded by

    ped
    48 views6 pages
    This document discusses measurements using vernier callipers and micrometer screw gauges. It provides examples of taking readings with these tools and calculating zero errors. It also defines sensitivity as the smallest scale division, accuracy as how close a measurement is to the true or expected value, and precision as how consistent repeated measurements are. Random errors occur unpredictably while systematic errors always occur in one direction and can be reduced by calibrating tools.

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    This document discusses measurements using vernier callipers and micrometer screw gauges. It provides examples of taking readings with these tools and calculating zero errors. It also defines sensitivity as the smallest scale division, accuracy as how close a measurement is to the true or expected value, and precision as how consistent repeated measurements are. Random errors occur unpredictably while systematic errors always occur in one direction and can be reduced by calibrating tools.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    48 views6 pages

    1.4 Understanding Measurements

    Uploaded by

    ped
    This document discusses measurements using vernier callipers and micrometer screw gauges. It provides examples of taking readings with these tools and calculating zero errors. It also defines sensitivity as the smallest scale division, accuracy as how close a measurement is to the true or expected value, and precision as how consistent repeated measurements are. Random errors occur unpredictably while systematic errors always occur in one direction and can be reduced by calibrating tools.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH.

    PUTRAJAYA, 2007

    1.4(a) UNDERSTANDING MEASUREMENTS

    VERNIER CALLIPER

    0.0 cm 1.0 cm

    10 Division = 0.9 cm

    1 Division = ……………. cm

    ZERO ERROR

    MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE

    ZERO ERROR

    Negative Zero error


    Positive Zero error

    0
    0 0

    Zero error = - 0.01 mm


    Zero error = + 0.01 mm

    TEACHER’S SIGNATURE ; ………………………............. 4


    PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

    PROBLEM SOLVING –VERNIER CALLIPER

    1. Take a reading

    i) ii)
    7 8 5 6

    0 10 0 10
    =_____________________ =_____________________

    iii) iv)
    8 9 1 2

    0 10 0 10
    =_____________________ =_____________________

    2. Zero error

    i) ii)
    0 1 0 1

    0 10 0 10

    =_____________________ =_____________________

    0 1
    iii) 0 1 iv)

    0 10
    0 10
    = =_____________________ =_____________________

    TEACHER’S SIGNATURE ; ………………………............. 5


    PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

    3. Final reading

    i) Zero error = + 0.02 cm ii) Zero error = - 0.06 cm


    6 7 3 4

    0 10 0 10

    4. Special feature

    i) ii)

    ? ?

    6 7 6 7

    0 10 0 10

    A. Micrometer Screw Gauge

    1. Take a reading

    i) ii)

    0 5 10
    0 0 5 10
    10

    45
    5

    TEACHER’S SIGNATURE ; ………………………............. 6


    PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

    2. Zero Errors

    0 5 10
    0 5 10
    10 0

    5 45

    (i)=________________ (ii) = ____________________

    0 5 10 0 5 10
    5
    0

    45 0

    (iii) =_________________ (iv) =_______________

    0 5 10
    0 50 10
    0

    45
    45

    (v) = _____________________ (vi) = ___________________

    TEACHER’S SIGNATURE ; ………………………............. 7


    PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

    3. Final reading

    i) Zero error = + 0.03 mm ii) Zero error = - 0.03 mm

    0 5 10 0 5 4010
    20

    35
    15

    = ________________________ =_____________________

    ii) Zero error = - 0.09 mm iii) Zero error = + 0.14 mm

    0 5 10 0 5 10

    0 45

    45 40

    = ________________________ =_____________________

    TEACHER’S SIGNATURE ; ………………………............. 8


    PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

    1.4(b) SENSITIVITY, ACCURACY, PRECISION AND ERROR IN MEASUREMENT

    SENSITIVITY :
    ___________________________________________________________________

    __________________________________________________________________

     The smallest scale division on the measuring instruments shows the sensitivity of the instruments
     More sensitive, more finer the scale division

    ACCURACY :
    ____________________________________________________________________

    ____________________________________________________________________

     On the target position

    PRECISION :
    ______________________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________

     All the values of the measurements are close each other


     The smaller the unit the more precise the measurement is

    Not precise and not


    Precise and accurate Precise but not accurate
    not accurate

    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RANDOM AND SYSTEMATIC ERROR

    Random Error Systematic error


    How the error occur

    How to reduce

    Examples

    TEACHER’S SIGNATURE ; ………………………............. 9

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