Chapter2 3
Chapter2 3
Chapter2 3
Field
solution of
h 2 d 2ψ ( x )
n=2
− + V ( x )ψ ( x ) = Eψ ( x ) , 0 0.5 1
2m dx 2
n=3
where
Ψ ( x, t ) = ψ ( x )e − iEt / h , 0 L
for the case V(x) = ∞ if x ≤ 0 and V(x) = ∞ if x ≥ L and V(x) = 0 for 0 < x <
L. For x ≤ 0 and x ≥ L we have
h2 d 2ψ ( x ) E
− 2
+ψ ( x) = ψ ( x ) V→ψ ( x ) = 0 .
→∞
2 mV ( x ) dx V ( x)
For 0 < x < L we have
d 2ψ ( x ) 2mE 2mE
= − ψ ( x ) = − k 2
ψ ( x ) where k = .
dx 2 h2 h2
The most general solution is
ψ ( x ) = Ae ikx + Be − ikx where A and B are constants.
Bounday Conditions: We require that ψ(x) be “square-integrable” and
that it be continuous and “single valued”. Thus at x = 0
ψ ( x = 0) = A + B = 0 and hence ψ ( x ) = A(e ikx − e − ikx ) = 2iA sin( kx ) .
At x = L we have
ψ ( x = L ) = 2iA sin( kL ) = 0 which implies that kL = nπ with n = 1, 2, 3,...
Energy Levels: We see that only certain values of k are allowed which
means that only the following energies are allowed: Energy Levels
h 2 k 2 h 2π 2 n 2 h 2π 2 n=3 E = 9E 3 0
En = = = n 2
E 0 where E 0 = .
2m 2mL2 2mL2
Zero Point Energy: Classically a particle in a box can have any n=2 E = 4E 2 0
velocity (including zero) and therefore zero energy (i.e. zero n=1 E =E 1 0