Powerelectronics (Eee)

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB MANUAL
IV Semester B.E (E & E)
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPAERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

P E S Institute of Technology & Management
NH-206, Sagar Road, Shivamogga – 577204
EXPERIMENT 1: STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR
Aim: To study static characteristics of SCR.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Components Quantity Range
1. Connecting wires 1 -
2. SCR module 1 -
Module Details:
This unit mainly consists of two SCRs of different ratings -
A) TY 616 and
B) 25 TTS12
Whose characteristics are to be studied.
A variable DC power supply, using LM 317 regulator to vary the Anode voltage from 2.5 Volts to
35 volts approximately. One more variable DC power supply using LM 317 regulator to vary the
Gate Voltage from 1.5 volts to 15 volts approximately. Switch and fuse is provided in series with
both the power supplies. A potentiometer of 25 watts is provided to vary the load current. A
potentiometer of 3 watts is provided to vary the Gate current. A Digital Voltmeter is provided to
measure the Voltage. Two digital Ammeters are provided to measure Anode current and Gate
current.
Definitions:
Holding Current (IH): Minimum value of anode current below which the current must
fall for turning Off the SCR.
Latching Current (IL): Minimum value of anode current that SCR must attain during
turn On process to maintain conduction when gate signal is removed. Latching current
is two to three times higher than holding current.
Power Electronics Lab Manual
Front panel details:
Sl. No. Terminals Description

Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with built in
1. Mains
indicator.
2. VA Potentiometer to vary the Anode voltage.
3. ON Switch for VA.
4. FUSE 500mA glass fuse for V1.
5. +&- Positive and Negative points of power supply VA.
6. SCR 1 TYN 616.
7. SCR 2 25TTS12
8. VG Potentiometer to vary the Gate voltage.
9. ON Switch for VG.
10. Fuse 250mA Glass fuse.
11. +&- Positive and Negative points of power supply VG
Load potentiometer – 2.5 Kohms / 25 watts in
12. RA
series with 47 Ohms Resistor.
Gate potentiometer – 10 K ohms / 3 watts in series
13. RG
with 220 ohm Resistor.
14. VA Digital voltmeter to measure the voltage.
15. IA Digital Ammeter to measure the Anode current.
16. IG Digital Ammeter to measure the Gate current.
Back Panel Details:
1. Two pin mains cable.

2. Fuse holder – Fuse – 500mA.
Device Details:
Sl. No. Specifications TYN 616. 25 TTS 12.

1. Vrrm 600V 1200V
2. I trms 16A 25A.
3. I tav 10A 16A
4. I tsm 160A
5. It 128A s
6. di/dt 100A/µs.
7. I gt 25mA
8. V gt 1.5V.
9. Ih 40mA
10. Il 70mA.
11. tq 70mA
12. dv/dt 500V/µs
Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 2

Circuit Diagram:
0-500mA R1
IIA
L
VA
VAK 0-50V
R2 0-25mA
IG
VG
Fig (1). Characteristics of SCR
Procedure:
1. To find IG:
1. Set VG to minimum, adjust Vak to VA – 10 Volts.
2. Slowly increase VG till SCR conducts. Note down the corresponding IG.
3. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times to accurately get the IG values
2. V – I Characteristics:
1. Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram including meters for SCR 1.
2. Now switch ON the mains supply to the unit and initially keep VA &VG at
minimum.
3. Set load potentiometer R1 in the minimum position. Adjust IG to the value found
in procedure 1.
4. Slowly vary VA and note down Vak and IA readings for every 5 Volts and entered
the readings in the tabular column. Further vary VA till SCR conducts, this can be
noticed by sudden drop of Vak and rise of IA readings note down this readings
and tabulate. Keep multi meter in mili-volts range and connect across VA
terminals. Note down the variation of IA for small variations in VA.
5. Draw the graph of Vak v/s IA. Repeat the same for IG=IG2 /IG3 and draw the
graph.
3. To find latching current:
1. Apply about 20 V between Anode and Cathode by varying VA. Keep the load
potentiometer R1 at minimum position. The device must be in the OFF state with
gate open.

2. Gradually increase Gate voltage - VG till the device turns ON. This is the
minimum gate current (Igmin) required to turn ON the device.
3. Adjust the gate voltage to a slightly higher.
4. Set the load potentiometer at the maximum resistance position. The device
should comes to OFF state, otherwise decrease VA till the device comes to OFF
state. The gate voltage should be kept constant in this experiment.
5. By varying R1, gradually increase load current IA in steps. Open and close the
Gate voltage VG switch after each step. If the anode current is greater the
latching current of the device, the device stays on even after the gate switch is
opened. Otherwise the device goes into blocking mode as soon as the gate switch
is opened. Note the latching current.
6. Obtain the more accurate value of the latching current by taking small steps of IA
near the latching current value.
4. To find holding current:
1. Increase the load current from the latching current level by load pot R1 or VA.
2. Open the gate switch permanently. The Thyristor must be fully ON.
3. Now start reducing the load current gradually by adjusting R1. If the SCR does
not turns OFF even after the R1 at maximum position, then reduce VA. Observe
when the device goes to Blocking mode. The load current through the device at
this instant is the holding current of the device.
4. Repeat the steps again to accurately get the Ih. Normally Ih < Il.
5. Repeat the same procedure for other SCR – SCR 2. Note down the different
ratings of both the devices.
Tabular Column:
a) V-I Characteristics Reading
IG = IG1 = mA IG = IG2 = mA
Sl. No
V AK IA V AK IA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

b) IG = ______________ mA
c) Latching Current Il = ______________ mA
d) Holding Current Ih = _______________ mA
Result:
Static characteristics of SCR are determined.

EXPERIMENT 2: STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET AND IGBT
Aim: To study the static characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Components Quantity Range
1. External meters 1 -
2. Connecting wires 1 -
3. IGBT/MOSFET module 1 -
Details of the module: This unit mainly consists of the following Power
Semiconductor devices
a. IGBT - IRGBC20S
b. MOSFET - IRF 740
whose characteristics are to be studied.
A variable DC power supply, using LM 317 regulator to vary the load voltage from
2.5Volts to 35 volts approximately. One more variable DC power supply using LM 317
regulator to vary the Gate Voltage from 1.5 volts to 15 volts approximately. Switch and
fuse is provided in series with both the power supplies. A potentiometer of 25 watts is
provided to vary the load current. A potentiometer of 3 watts is provided to vary the
Gate current.
Front Panel Details:

1. Mains Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with built-in indicator
2. V1 Potentiometer to vary the load voltage.
3. ON Switch for V1.
4. FUSE 500mA glass fuse for V1.
5. +&- Positive and Negative points of power supply V1.
6. MOSFET IRF 740.
7. IGBT IRGBC20S.
8. V2 Potentiometer to vary the Gate voltage.
9. ON Switch for V2.
10. Fuse 250mA Glass fuse.
11. +&- Positive and Negative points of power supply V2.
12. R1 Load potentiometer–2.5KΩ/25 watts in series with 100Ω Resistor.
13. R2 Gate potentiometer – 10KΩ/ 3watts in series with 250Ω resistor.

Back panel details:
1. Two pin mains cable.

2. Fuse holder – Fuse – 500mA.
Tabular Column for MOSFET:

Trans conductance Drain
V1= VDS1 = 10 V V1 = VDS2 = 15 V V2 = VGS = 3.5 V V2 = VGS = 3.8 V

VGS Volts ID mA VGS Volts ID mA VDS Volts ID mA VDS Volts ID mA
Characteristics Curve:
Transconductance Characteristics Drain Characteristics
ID VDS = 25V
VDS = 15V ID
VGS = 3.6 V
(mA)
VGS = 3.55 V
ID (on)
VGS = 3.5 V
VGS (Th) VGS (on) VDS VDS

1. Details of Device - IRF 740
Sl. No. Specification Range

1. V Dss – Drain to Source 400 volts
Breakdown voltage
2. R ds (on) - On state Resistance 0.55 ohms
3. I D - continuous drain current – 25°C 10 Amps
4. I D - continuous drain current - 100°C 6.3 Amps
5. R o JC - Max thermal resistance 1°C / Watt
6. P D Max – Power dissipation @ 25°C 125 watts
Procedure:
Trans Conductance Characteristics:

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram with meters.
2. Initially keep V1 and V2 zero. Set V1= VDS1= say 10V.
3. Slowly vary V2 (VGS) and note down ID and VGS readings for every 0.5V. and
enter in the tabular column. The minimum gate voltage VGS which is required for
conduction to start in the MOSFETis called Threshold Voltage VGS (Th). If VGS is
less than VGS (Th) only very small leakage current flows from Drain to Source. If
VGS is greater than VGS (Th), the Drain current depends on magnitude of the
Gate Voltage. VGS varies from 2 to 5Volts.
4. Repeat the same for different values of VDS and draw the graph of I D V/S VGS.
Drain Characteristics :
1. Initially set V2 to VGS1= 3.5 Volts.
2. Slowly vary V1 and note down ID and VDS. For a Particular value of VGS1 there is
a pinch off voltage (Vp) between drain and source as shown in figure. If VDS is
lower than Vp, the device works in the constant resistance region and ID is
directly proportional to VDS. If VDS is more than Vp, constant ID flows from the
device and this operating region is called constant current region.
3. Repeat the above for different values of VGS and note down ID V/S VDS
4. Draw the graph of ID V/S VDS for different values of VGS.

Tabular Column for IGBT:-
Transfer Characteristics Collector Characteristics
V1= VCE1 = 10 V V1 = VCE2 = 15 V V2 = VGE = 3.5 V V2 = VGE = 3.8 V

VGE Volts ID mA VGE Volts ID mA VCE Volts IC mA VCE Volts IC mA
Characteristics Curve:
Transfer Characteristics Collector Characteristics
VGE = 5.25 V
IC VCE = 25V IC
VGE = 5.2 V
(mA)
VCE = 15V
VGE = 5.15 V
IC (on) VGE = 5.1 V
VCE
VGE (Th) VGE (on) VGE
5V

2. Details of Device - IRGBC 20S.
Sl. No. Specification Range

1. Vces – Collector to emitter voltage 600 volts
2. Max Vce(on) – Collector to emitter voltage 3.0 volts
3. Ic - continuous collector current @ 25°C 19 Amps
4. Ic – continuous collector current @ 100° C 10 Amps
5. Pd max - Maximum power dissipation 60 watts
Transfer Characteristics:
1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram with meters.
2. Initially keep V1 and V2 zero. Set V1= VCE1= say 10V.Slowly vary V2 (VGE) and
note down IC and VGE readings for every 0.5V. and enter in the tabular column.
The minimum gate voltage VGE which is required for conduction to start in the
IGBT is called Threshold Voltage VGE (Th). If VGE is less than VGE (Th) only very
small leakage current flows from Collector to Emitter. If VGE is greater than VGE
(Th), the Collector current depends on magnitude of the Gate Voltage. VGE varies
from 5 to 6Volts.
3. Repeat the same for different values of Vc and draw the graph of Ic V/S VGE.
Collector Characteristics:
1. Initially set V2 to VGE1= 5 Volts.
2. Slowly vary V1 and note down IC and VGE. For a particular value of VGE1 there is
a pinch off voltage (Vp) between Collector and Emitter as Shown in figure. If VGE
is lower than Vp, the device works in the constant resistance region and IC is
directly proportional to VGE. If VGE is more than Vp, constant IC flows from the
device and this operating region is called constant current region.
3. Repeat the above for different values of VGE and note down IC V/S VGE.
4. Draw the graph of I C V/S VGE for different values of VGE.
Result : Input and output characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT are determined.

EXPERIMENT 3: UJT FIRING CIRCUIT
Aim: To turn-on SCR circuit using synchronized UJT relaxation oscillator.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No Apparatus Quantity Range
1. UJT Firing circuit module 1 -
2. Resistor 1 45 ohm
3. CRO 1 -
4. Multimeter 1 -
5. Connecting probes 1 -
Details of UJT Firing Module

This unit consists of the following components to study firing of SCR using UJT
relaxation oscillator. This can also be used to study UJT relaxation oscillator in
unsynchronized mode.
a) A step down transformer – 20V / 1A.
b) UJT relaxation oscillator circuit.
c) Pulse transformer isolation for SCR triggering.
d) SCR.

1. Mains AC Supply ON/OFF switch to the unit with built-in indicator.
2. AC 20V / 1A AC supply for UJT relaxation oscillator and SCR firing
from a step down transformer.
3. Cf Filtering capacitor – 100uF/35V to study relaxation oscillator
using UJT. In this experiment short Cf terminal to diode Bridge
rectifier o/p to get filtered rectified DC and the UJT relaxation
oscillator works in asynchronous mode.
4. DZ Zener diode – 15V/1Watt - To limit the supply to UJT.
5. RC Potentiometer to vary the firing angle in synchronous mode and
to vary the frequency of oscillator in asynchronous mode.
6. UJT 2N 2646.
7. B1, B2, E Basel, Base2 and emitter points of UJT.
8. T1 & T1 Pulse Transformer isolated pulse o / ps to trigger SCR.
9. SCR TYN 612 – 12A/600V.
A – Anode K – cathode & G – Gate points.

Back Panel Details:
1. Two Pin mains cable.
2. Fuse holder. Fuse – 0.5 A fast blow glass fuse.
Circuit Diagram
UJT Firing Circuit
RC
RC R1
DZ B1
EMITTER G
AC
C
B2 R
CF
MAINS K
AC

Various Waveforms for Half Wave Converter using UJT
VS
0 π 2π 3π 4π
VL
0 α π 2π 2π + α 3π
VT
0 α π 2π 2π + α 3π
Procedure:
Firing of SCR using UJT:
1. Switch ON the mains supply, observe and note down the wave forms at the
different points in the circuit and also the trigger outputs – T1 & T11.
2. Now make the connections as given the circuit diagram using AC source, UJT
relaxation Oscillator, SCR and a suitable load.
3. Now switch ON the mains supply, observe and note down the output waveforms
across load and SCR. Draw the wave forms at different firing angle – 120, 90 &
60.

In the UJT firing Circuit the firing angle can be varied from 150° – 30° approximately.
We cannot vary exactly from 0° - 180° as we vary in single phase converter firing
circuit.
Result: The input and output waveforms are observed.

EXPERIMENT 4: SCR DIGITAL TRIGGERING CIRCUIT FOR A SINGLE

PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER
Aim: To turn-on single phase controlled rectifier using SCR digital triggering circuit.
Apparatus Required:
1. Digital Firing Circuit 1 -
2. Single phase half & fully controlled power circuit module 1 -
3. CRO 1 -
4. Multimeter 1 -
5. Connecting probes -
Circuit Diagram:
Single Phase Full – Controlled Bridge Converter:

Tabular column:
Sl No. Input Voltage-Vin Firing angle Output

voltage

Procedure:
1. Switch ON the Mains Supply to the Firing circuit. Observe all the test points by
varying the firing angle and trigger outputs ON/OFF key. Observe the trigger
outputs and phase sequence. Make sure that all the trigger outputs are proper
before connecting to the power circuit. The trigger output pulse width varies as
we vary the firing angle.
2. Make the connections in the power circuit.
3. Connect 30V tapping of the transformer secondary to the power circuit.
4. Connect the R-load between load points.
5. Connect firing pulses from the firing circuit to the respective SCR’s in the power
circuit. Switch ON the MCB, switch ON the trigger outputs and note down output
voltage, output current and the voltage wave forms across load and devices.
6. Draw the waveforms across load and device for different firing angle.
7. Repeat the same for different input voltage up to maximum voltage as provided
in the isolation transformer.
8. Repeat the same for R-L load with and without freewheeling diode and note
down the waveform.
NOTE: If the output is zero after all proper connections, switch off the MCB. Switch off
the AC supply to the Isolation transformer. And just interchange the AC input
connections in the power circuit. This is to make the firing circuit and the power circuit
to synchronize.
Parameters and Observations :
1. Input voltage wave form.

2. Output voltage wave form (across the load)
3. Output current wave form (through the shunt)
4. Voltage wave form across thyristors (make this measurement only if isolations is
used)
5. Study of variation of voltage and current wave forms with the variation of firing
angle.
6. Study of effect of freewheeling diode in case of inductive loads.
Result: All waveforms are verified.

EXPERIMENT 5: SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH R AND R-L

LOADS
Aim: To turn-on single phase full wave rectifier using Single Phase Converter Firing
Unit or Microcontroller Firing Unit.
Apparatus Required:
1. Single Phase Converter Firing Unit or µC Firing Unit 1 -
2. Single phase half & fully controlled power circuit module 1 -
3. CRO 1 -
4. Multimeter 1 -
Circuit Diagram:
Tabular column:
Sl No. Input Voltage-Vin Firing angle Output
voltage

Procedure:
1. Switch ON the Mains Supply to the Firing circuit. Observe all the test points by
varying the firing angle and trigger outputs ON/OFF key. Observe the trigger
outputs and phase sequence. Make sure that all the trigger outputs are proper
before connecting to the power circuit. The trigger output pulse width varies as
we vary the firing angle.
2. Make the connections in the power circuit.
3. Connect 30V tapping of the transformer secondary to the power circuit.
4. Connect the R-load between load points.
5. Connect firing pulses from the firing circuit to the respective SCR’s in the power
circuit. Switch ON the MCB, switch ON the trigger outputs and note down output
voltage, output current and the voltage wave forms across load and devices.
6. Draw the waveforms across load and device for different firing angle.
7. Repeat the same for different input voltage up to maximum voltage as provided
in the isolation transformer.
8. Repeat the same for R-L load with and without freewheeling diode and note
down the waveform.

NOTE: If the output is zero after all proper connections, switch off the MCB. Switch off
the AC supply to the Isolation transformer. And just interchange the AC input
connections in the power circuit. This is to make the firing circuit and the power circuit
to synchronize.
Parameters and Observations:
1. Input voltage wave form.

2. Output voltage wave form (across the load)
3. Output current wave form (through the shunt)
4. Voltage wave form across thyristors (make this measurement only if isolations is
used)
5. Study of variation of voltage and current wave forms with the variation of firing
angle.
6. Study of effect of freewheeling diode in case of inductive loads.
Result: Waveforms of single phase full wave rectifier were observed.

EXPERIMENT 6: LAMP DIMMER CIRCUIT USING TRAIC – DIAC
Aim: To control the AC voltage using Triac – Diac combination
Apparatus Required:
1. Lamp Dimmer Module 1 -
2. Lamp 1 60w
3. CRO 1 -
4. Multimeter 1 -
Details of the Module:

This unit consists of 50V AC supply, R-C phase shifting components, a diac, a Triac and a
lamp to construct lamp dimmer circuit using Triac – Diac by controlling AC supply. The
circuit works on the phase control method. It consists of phase shifting network
comprising of R and C. The firing of Triac is determined by the relative phase difference
between line and gate control voltage. Adjusting the value of R changes the phase
difference between line and gate control voltage and this changes the firing instant of
TRIAC and the load voltage. Diac is used to trigger the TRIAC.

1. Mains Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with builtin
indicator
2. 50V 50V @ 0.5A AC supply from step down transformer
3. Fuse 1A glass fuse.
4. R1 100 Ώ
5. Rf 47KΏ potentiometer to vary the firing angle.
6. R2 250Ώ / 5 watt Resistor
7. C1, C2 0.1μF /250V Capacitor
8. Diac DB-3-32volts
9. Triac BT-139 – 10A / 400V device
10. MT2/MT1/Gate Triac terminals

Circuit Diagram:
Lamp Dimmer Circuit Using Triac- Diac:
Connection diagram:
MT2
LAMP R1
RF
RF
~
50V
R2
Gate
DIAC
C1 C2
MT1
Mains

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the mains supply, vary the firing angle potentiometer and observe the
variation in lamp brightness and also note down the voltage variation across the
lamp.
Result: AC voltage using Triac – Diac combination was controlled.

EXPERIMENT 7: DC-MOTOR SPEED CONTROL UNIT USING POWER

MOSFET / IGBT CHOPPER
Aim: To control the speed and direction of stepper motor.
Apparatus Required:
1. DC motor module 1 -
2. DC motor 1 -
3. Multimeter 1 -
4. Tachometer 1 -
Details of the Module

This trainer kit consists of two parts.(a) Power circuit and (b) Control circuit to study
speed control of DC motor.
a) Power circuit :- The power circuits mainly consists of Power MOSFET, IGBT, a
freewheeling diode, and built in DC source for the chopper circuit and Digital
meters to measure DC voltage and current.
A POWER MOSFET (IRF-460), an IGBT (IRGPH20KD) and a free wheeling diode are
mounted on a suitable heat sink and protected by snubber circuit and fuses. All the
device terminals are brought out on the front panel.
A built in DC source is provided in the unit for input to the chopper circuit. AC mains
supply of 230 Volts is step down using a transformer with tappings and different AC
output voltage is selected using a rotary switch. The selected AC voltage is fed to a diode
bridge rectifier to get rectified DC voltage and filtered using filter capacitor. A glass fuse
is provided in series with the DC supply for protection. Different DC voltages of 24V,
48V, 110V and 220Volts can be selected using the rotary switch. Different DC voltages
are required to run DC motors of different ratings like 24V, 48V, 110V and 220 Volts.
One more diode bridge rectifier is provided to get 220 V ±10% DC voltages from 230
Volts AC mains for field supply of DC shunt motor. The field supply is not required for
speed control of permanent magnet DC motor. A digital voltmeter and Ammeter are
provided to measure DC voltage and current.

Front Panel Details for MOSFET:
Sl. No Terminals Description

1. Vdc Digital Voltmeter to measure DC voltage.
2. Adc Digital Ammeter to measure DC current.
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistot-IRGPH20KD
IGBT
3. International Rectifier make
Collector, Gate & Emitter IGBT terminals.
MOSFET IRF 460 (International Rectifier make)
4.
Drain, Source & Gate MOSFET terminals.
Dfw Free wheeling diode - SPR 12PB.
5.
Cathode, Anode Free wheeling diode terminals.
Field Field supply 220 V ± 10% @ 2Amps for field of DC
6.
220V DC shunt motor with neon lamp indicator.
Volt-Select Rotary switch to select DC supply as follows.
OFF DC supply is OFF.
1 24 V DC.
7.
2 48VDC.
3 110VDC.
4 220V DC
Step down transformer with tappings @ 20V, 40V,
8. Transformer 80V and 170Volts to get different DC output
Voltages.
Diode bridge rectifier -10Amps/600V to rectify
9. Rectifier
input AC supply to DC supply.
10. C Capacitor filter.
TABULAR COLUMN (Motor control):
Duty
Frequency Vout Io Speed
Sl. No. Vin Volts cycle
Hz Volts amps RPM
%
Draw the graph of Duty Cycle V/S Vo.

Note: Since the DC supply is unregulated DC supply, the input will slightly drop as the
current increases.

Circuit Diagram for Rheostat Load:
Output Waveform
Control Circuit :
• The control circuit is 89C51 microcontroller based to accurately generate the

control output. The duty cycle can be varied from 0-100%, Frequency of the
chopper can varied from 50Hz to 500Hz.
• 2 line x 16 character LCD display to indicate the parameters and their values.
• 4 keys to increment & decrement the chopper frequency or Duty cycle and to
Run/Stop the output with soft start and stop feature.
• Opto coupler based driver circuit to drive MOSFET/IGBT.

Sl.
Terminals Description
No.
1. Mains Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with builtin indicator.
2. LCD display 2 line x 16 characters LCD display to display the parameters.
3. Key board
3(a) FRQ/DCY Key to select the variable parameter –Frequency/Duty cycle.
3(b) INC Key to increment the selected parameter value.
3(c) DEC Key to decrement the selected parameter value.
3(d) RUN/STOP Key to RUN/STOP the chopper with soft start feature.
Driver output Driver output terminals to be connected to Gate/Emitter of
4.
+&– IGBT or Gate/Source of MOSFET.
Back panel details:
1. 3pin mains socket :- Power inlet point to the unit with built in fuse holder.
2. Glass fuse holder :- One for MOSFET
One for IGBT.
Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
1) Keep the volt – select switch at OFF position and switch on the mains supply to the
unit.
2) The LCD display shows –
POWER MOSFET/IGBT CHOPPER
0FF DCY – 0 FRQ 50
Digital volt meter and ammeter shows 000 – 000
3) Measure the Field voltage using digital voltmeter. It should be 220V ± 10%
approximately and the neon lamp glows.
4) Now keep the voltage select switch at position 1 and measure the voltage at VDC
terminals. It should be 24 volts. The output voltage should be 48V when VOLT-
SELECT switch at position – 2, 110V when the VOLT-SELECT switch at position –
3, 220V when the VOLT-SELECT switch position at 4 approximately.
5) Make sure that the DC supply is correct. Now observe the driver output using a
CRO by varying duty cycle and frequency.
6) Make sure that the driver output is proper before connecting to the gate/emitter
or gate/source of IGBT or MOSFET.
7) Now all the outputs are proper. Make the connections as given in the circuit
diagram.
8) Initially select 24 volts DC. Connect a Rheostat – 100Ω/2 Amps.
9) Apply the driver output pulses.
10)Vary the duty cycle and observe the load voltage and tabulate the Voltmeter and
Ammeter readings.
11)Now change the frequency to some other value and change the duty cycle and
note down the readings.
12)Repeat the same procedure for 48 volts, 110 volts and 220 volts.

13)In case of DC shunt motor experiment, connect field supply to the field terminals
before connecting to the armature supply. And the field supply should be removed
only after switch OFF the armature supply.
14)Use higher value of Rheostat – 470Ω /1Amp to work at 110 volts / 220 volts DC
supply.
15)External DC supply can also be used as input to the chopper to get regulated DC
Supply.
Result: The Speed increase and Speed decrease of DC motor was studied.

EXPERIMENT 8: STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER

Aim: To control the speed and direction of stepper motor.
Apparatus Required:
1. Stepper motor module 1 -
3. Stepper motor 1 -
Details of the Module
This unit is microcontroller based, controller circuit to accurately generate pulses to energize
the stepper motor winding in the desired sequence. Power transistor based driver circuit to
drive the Stepper motor. From this controller we can set the speed of the stepper motor in RPM,
set the number of steps the motor can move. We can set the direction of rotation – forward and
reverse direction. We can also set Half step and full step mode.
Sl. No Terminals Description

1. Mains Power ON/OFF switch on the unit with built-in indicator
2. Display LCD display to display the parameter & values.
Key Board
SET To set the Parameter.
3. INC To increment the set parameter values.
DEC To decrement the set parameter values.
RUN/STOP To start and stop the stepper motor.
4. +V 5V @ 2Amps DC supply for stepper Motor (Built in)
5. +5V 5V for control circuit (Built in)
6. GND Supply ground point.
7. FUSE 2 Amps fast blow glass fuse for short circuit protection.
A1, A2, B1,
8. Output points to connect to the A1, A2, B1, & B2 leads of stepper motor.
B2
9. LED’s To indicate the status of output.
Back Panel Details
2 pin Mains cable and Fuse holder with 500mA Glass fuse.

Circuit Diagram:
SWITCHING LOGIC SEQUENCE:
Full step
A1 A2 B1 B2
Red Black Blue Green
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Half step
A1 A2 B1 B2
Red Black Blue Green
0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
To change the direction read sequence from bottom to top.

Procedure:
1. Connect A1, A2, B1 and B2 leads of stepper motor to the corresponding output
terminal points. And two common terminals to +V supply.
2. Switch ON the mains supply to the unit. Check the Power supplies.
The unit displays WELCOME
STEPPER MOTOR
After few seconds it displays STOP S/R R/F H/F
RPM 1 FOR FULL
Stop - Corresponds to RUN/ STOP selection.

S / R - Corresponds to Step / RPM (Continuous rotation) selection.
R / F - Corresponds to Reverse / Forward - direction selection.
H / F - Corresponds to Half step / Full step selection.
Now RPM blinks. Press INC / DEC key to select STEP or RPM (Continuous
rotation) mode.
3. After selecting RPM / STEP mode press SET key to select the mode. Now 1
blinks. This corresponds to number of rotation or number of steps selected.
4. Press INC / DEC key to select the speed or steps. Press SET key to set the rpm /
number of steps. Now FOR blinks. This corresponds to direction of rotation -
Forward.
5. Press INC / DEC key to select the direction of rotation and press SET key to
select. Now FULL blinks. This is corresponds to Full step. Press INC / DEC key to
select Half step / Full step mode and press SET key to select Half / Full step
mode.
6. Now the setting is over. Press RUN / STOP key, the stepper motor rotates at the
set speed if RPM is selected or it moves the number of steps set and stops. Again
pressing RUN/ STOP key the motor stops if it is in RPM mode or it again moves
the number of set steps and stops.
7. Set the step mode, 1 step, FORWARD and Half step mode. Check the output status
by LED indication for each step and verify with the switching logic sequence as
given in the below truth table.
8. Repeat the same for Full step mode. Repeat the same for Reverse direction.
Result: Speed control and direction of stepper motor was observed and studied.

EXPERIMENT 9: UNIVERSAL MOTOR & INDUCTION MOTOR

SPEED CONTROL UNIT - 0.5 HP/220V AC/DC
Aim: To control the speed of a universal motor ad a single-phase induction motor using
A. C. voltage controller.
Apparatus Required:
1. Universal motor module 1 -
2. Multimeter 1 -
3. Universal motor 1 -
4. Tacho meter 1 -
Module Details:
This unit consist of two parts:
(a) Firing Circuit and

(b) Power Circuit.
(a) Firing Circuit :

This unit, generates line synchronized 2 pulse transformer isolated trigger pulses.
These trigger pulses can be used to trigger :
i) Single phase AC phase control using SCR’s (Anti-parallel SCR’s)

ii) Single phase AC phase control using Triac.
iii) Single phase Half wave rectifier (Single SCR)
iv) Single phase Full wave rectifier (Two SCR’s)
v) Single phase Half controlled bridge rectifier (Two SCR’s & Two diodes) power
circuits.
The firing circuit is based on zero crossing detector, ramp generator, op-amp
comparator and amplifier/pulse transformer isolation method.


AC Supply ON/OFF switch to the unit with built-in
1. Power
indicator.
Potentiometer to vary the firing angle from 180°to
2. Firing angle
0°.
3. SCR/Triac Selection switch for trigger O/P 1 for SCR/Triac.
4. OFF/ON Switch for trigger O/Ps with soft start feature.
Trigger O/Ps :
5. T1 / TR Trigger O/P for SCR1 or Triac
T2 Trigger O/P for SCR2
Circuit Diagram:
1. Speed control of universal motor using ac voltage control:
a. Using SCR
b. Using Triac
Triac
230V
MCB M
AC
Isolation transformer

2. Speed control of DC motor using DC – control

Single phase Full controlled bridge rectifier
A
T1 T2
M
DM
230V MCB
AC
T21 T11
Isolation transformer
Tabular Column:
Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Current Speed
Sl. No. Firing Angle
Vin Vo Io RPM
(b) Power Circuit:
The power circuit consists of 2 SCR’s, 3 diodes and a Triac. The power devices are
mounted on suitable heat sink for power dissipation. The snubber circuit is connected
for dv/dt protection. A fuse is also provided in series with the devices for short circuit
or over current protection. In the input side a MCB is provided to switch ON/OFF the
supply to the power circuit.
A digital voltmeter and an Ammeter is provided to measure the Input / Output voltage
and current with ac / dc selector switch.


1. AC INPUT Terminals to connect AC input.
2. AC OUTPUT AC supply terminals after the MCB to be connected
to power circuit.
3. MCB A 6A / 2 pole MCB for ON/OFF the AC supply to the
power circuit and for over load tripping.
4. T1 & T2 SCR’s - 16 Amps / 600 Volts
5. D3 & D4 Diodes - 16 Amps / 600V.
6. Dm Free wheeling diode.
7. TR Triac – 10 Amps / 600 Volts.
8. VOLTMETER 0 – 300 V digital meter to measure Input / Output
voltage with ac/ dc selector switch.
9. AMMETER 0 – 5A digital meter to measure current with ac/ dc
selector switch.
Procedure:
1. Make the inter connections in the power circuit as given is the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the firing circuit and observe the trigger outputs. Make sure that the
firing pulses are proper before connecting to the power circuit.
3. Then connect the trigger output from firing circuit to corresponding SCR’s /
Triac.
4. In the power circuit initially set the AC input to 30 volts. Switch ON the MCB.
Switch ON the Trigger outputs switch. Select the SCR / Triac selection switch and
observe the output wave forms across ‘R’ load by varying the firing angle
potentiometer.
5. If the output wave form is proper then you can connect the motor & increase the
input voltage to rated value 0 – 230V gradually.
6. Vary the firing angle and note down O/P voltage and speed of the motor.
NOTE: If you are not getting the O/P after all proper connections interchange AC O/P
terminals, by turning OFF the MCB. This is just to synchronize the power circuit with
firing circuit.
Result: Speed control of universal motor and single phase induction motor was studied.

EXPERIMENT 10: SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER – IGBT

BASED
Aim: To study the behavior of MOSFET or IGBT based single-phase full-bridge inverter
connected to R load.
Apparatus Required:
1. PWM module 1 -
2. CRO 1 -
3. Multimeter 1 -
Module Details:
This unit consist of two parts :
(a) Control Circuit and

(b) Power Circuit.
a) Control Circuit:
This is based on 89C52 Microcontroller. 2 X 16 line LCD display to indicate and monitor
the Parameters and type of modulation. The following modulation techniques are
incorporated:
a) Single pulse modulation

b) Sine triangle modulation
c) Multi pulse modulation
d) Trapezoidal modulation
e) Stair case modulation
5 keys: SET, INC, DEC, FRQ/DTY and RUN/STOP to vary and set the parameters.
Optocoupler based isolation circuit to drive 4 IGBTs connected as 1-ph. Bridge Inverter.
b) Power Circuit:
This unit consists of 4 IGBT’s unit built in diodes of rating 19A/600V. All the devices are
mounted on proper heat-sink and protected by snubber circuit and fuse. All the
terminals are brought out on the front panel. In the input side a switch and a fuse are
provided for DC input 24V @ 2A. The frequency can be varied from 20Hz to 100Hz. The
duty can be varied from 0% to 100%. Carrier frequency – 9 pulses per each half cycle.

1. Control circuit:

1. Mains Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with built in indicator.
2. LCD display 2 line X 16 characters LCD display to display the parameters.
3. key Board
SET Key to select different modulation techniques – Sinusoidal,
Trapezoidal, Staircase, Single pulse, Multi pulse.
INC Key to increase the parameter value.
DEC Key to decrease the parameter value.
FRQ/DTY Key to select the variable parameter frequency or duty cycle.
RUN/STOP key to switch ON/OFF the driver O/P signals with soft start
and soft feature.
4. Driver O/Ps
H1 High Side – 1st arm
L1 Low Side – 1st arm
H2 High Side – 2nd arm
L2 Low Side – 2nd arm
2. Power Circuit

1. VDC IN Terminals to connect input DC supply – preferably from
30V/2A
+&- Regulated Power supply unit.
2. ON Switch in series with the input DC supply to switch ON/OFF
the DC supply to the power circuit.
3. FUSE 2 Amps Glass fuse in Series with the DC supply for protection.
4. IGBTS CT – 60.
H1, L1, H2 & Mitsubishi make IGBT’s with built in diodes.
L2

Circuit Diagram:
Single Phase PWM Inverter – IGBT Based
Connect driver circuit o/ps to the corresponding Gate and Emitter of IGBT’s H1, H2, L1, L2.
Procedure:
a. Control Circuit
1. Switch ON the mains supply of the controller unit. The LCD display shows 1-ph
PWM inverter with modulation type and M- (Duty cycle or modulation index) 00
and F-100 Hz and in OFF position.
2. When M-00 Blinks, press INC key to set the duty cycle from 00- 100%.
3. Press FRQ/DTY key and select F-100. When F-100 blinks, use INC and DEC key to
increase or decrease the frequency from 20Hz to 100Hz.
4. After setting the duty cycle and frequency, press RUN/STOP key. Now the driver
O/Ps pulses are available at O/Ps are comes to OFF with soft stop.
5. Set the modulation type to other type and check the outputs.

6. Check the driver outputs for different types of modulation. Make sure that the
driver outputs are proper before connecting to the power circuit.
NOTE: The SET key works only when it is in OFF position. This is to avoid change of
modulation type when the power circuit is ON.
b. Power Circuit
1. Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram.

2. Connect DC supply from 30V/2A regulated power supply unit.
3. Connect a resistive load – 50 ohms or 100 ohms 2 Amps Rheostat at load
terminals.
4. Connect driver output signals to the Gate and Emitter of corresponding IGBTs.
5. Switch ON the DC supply.
6. Switch ON the driver outputs and observe the output voltage across the load.
Result: The behavior of MOSFET or IGBT based single phase full bridge inverter was
studied.

Powerelectronics (Eee)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Powerelectronics (Eee)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Powerelectronics (Eee)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

POWER ELECTRONICS LAB MANUAL

IV Semester B.E (E & E)

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPAERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Sl. No. Components Quantity Range

Front panel details:

Sl. No. Terminals Description

Back Panel Details:

1. Two pin mains cable.

Sl. No. Specifications TYN 616. 25 TTS 12.

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 2

Fig (1). Characteristics of SCR

3. To find latching current:

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 3

4. To find holding current:

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 4

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 5

EXPERIMENT 2: STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET AND IGBT

Aim: To study the static characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT.

b. MOSFET - IRF 740

whose characteristics are to be studied.

Front Panel Details:

Sl. No. Terminals Description

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 6

Back panel details:

1. Two pin mains cable.

Tabular Column for MOSFET:

V1= VDS1 = 10 V V1 = VDS2 = 15 V V2 = VGS = 3.5 V V2 = VGS = 3.8 V

Transconductance Characteristics Drain Characteristics

VGS (Th) VGS (on) VDS VDS

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 7

1. Details of Device - IRF 740

Sl. No. Specification Range

Trans Conductance Characteristics:

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 8

Tabular Column for IGBT:-

Transfer Characteristics Collector Characteristics

V1= VCE1 = 10 V V1 = VCE2 = 15 V V2 = VGE = 3.5 V V2 = VGE = 3.8 V

Transfer Characteristics Collector Characteristics

IC (on) VGE = 5.1 V

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 9

2. Details of Device - IRGBC 20S.

Sl. No. Specification Range

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 10

EXPERIMENT 3: UJT FIRING CIRCUIT

Aim: To turn-on SCR circuit using synchronized UJT relaxation oscillator.

Details of UJT Firing Module

Sl. No. Terminals Description

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 11

Back Panel Details:

1. Two Pin mains cable.

2. Fuse holder. Fuse – 0.5 A fast blow glass fuse.

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 12

Various Waveforms for Half Wave Converter using UJT

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 13

Result: The input and output waveforms are observed.

Dept. Of EEE, PESITM, Shivamogga 14

EXPERIMENT 4: SCR DIGITAL TRIGGERING CIRCUIT FOR A SINGLE

Single Phase Full – Controlled Bridge Converter: