kf7\of+z zLif{s M g]kfnL efiff / Jofs/0fsf] cWoog k"0ff{ª\s M %)

kf7\of+z ;+Vof M g]kf=lz= %@^ pQL0ff{ª\s M @)

kf7\of+z k|s[lt M ;}4flGts -zf]wkqsf] j}slNks kf7\of+z_ k|ltxKtf kf73G6L
M#
tx M Pd=P8= k|ltkf73G6L M %% ld=
jif{ M bf];|f] hDdf kf73G6L M &%

!= kf7of+z kl/ro
of] kf7\of+z lzIffzf:q :gftsf]Q/ txdf g]kfnL efiffdf ljlzi6Ls/0f ug{ rfxg]
ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu zf]wkqsf] j}slNks kf7\of+zsf ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o; kf7\of+zdf
g]kfnL efiff / o;sf] ljsf;qmd, g]kfnL efiffsf] jt{dfg l:ylt, g]kfnL j0f{Joj:yfsf]
cWoog, g]kfnL zAbsf] ¿kfog / Jo'Tkfbg k|lqmofsf] cWoog, g]kfnL jfSotŒjx¿sf]
cWoog tyf jfSosf 36s, sfo{ / k|sf/x¿sf] cWoog u/fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 .
@= ;fwf/0f p2]Zo
o; kf7\of+zsf ;fwf/0f p2]Zox¿ tn pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M
 g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf;qmd, o;sf df]8 / ljz]iftfx¿ atfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{],
 g]kfnL efiffsf] jt{dfg l:yltsf] ;j{]If0f ug{ ;Sg] ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{],
 g]kfnLefiffdf Jofs/0ffTds cWoogsf] k/Dk/f / o;df b]vfk/]sf df]8x¿sf] rrf{ ug{
;Ifd t'Nofpg],
 g]kfnL efiffsf zAbju{sf] klxrfg ug{ / Jo'Tkfbg tyf ¿kfog k|lqmofsf] ;lj:tf/ j0f{g
ug{ ;Sg] t'Nofpg],
 g]kfnL efiffsf jfSotŒj, jfSosf jfSosf 36s, sfo{ / k|sf/sf] rrf{ ug{ ;Sg] 1fg / ;Lk
ljsf; ug{] .
#= ljlzi6 p2]Zo tyf kf7\oljifo
ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
 g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ / ljsf;sf] PsfO Ps M g]kfnL efiff / o;sf] ljsf;qmd
¿k/]vf jtfpg, -^_
 ljleGg sfnv08df ePsf g]kfnL !=! g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ / ljsf;
efiff / o;sf ljz]iftf 7Dofpg . !=@ ljleGg sfndf g]kfnL efiff / o;sf ljz]iftf
!=@=! k|frLg g]kfnL
!=@=@ dfWoldssfnLg g]kfnL
!=@=# cfw'lgs g]kfnL
 eflifs e]bsf] kl/ro lbg, PsfO b'O{ M g]kfnL efiffsf] jt{dfg l:ylt
 eflifsf, ;defiff+z /]vf, eflifs -!@_
lg/Gt/tf / eflifsf lgdf{0fsf @=! eflifs e]b
sf/0fx¿sf] kl/ro lbg, @=@ eflifsf / efiff
 g]kfnL efiffsf If]qLo eflifsfx¿sf] @=@=! ;defiff+z /]vf
klxrfg ug{, @=@=@ eflifs lg/Gt/tf
 g]kfnL efiffsf] ef}uf]lns l:ylt / @=@=#eflifsf lgdf{0fsf sf/0fx¿

262
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
eflifsf 5'6\ofpg] cfwf/x¿sf ;fy} @=# g]kfnL efiffsf If]qLo eflifsf
eflifsf ljefhgdf b]lvPsf @=#=! g]kfnLsf] ef}uf]lns l:ylt, eflifsf
dtdtfGt/x¿ s]nfpg, 5'6\ofpg] cfwf/x¿ / eflifsf ljefhgdf
 g]kfnL efiffsf k|d'v eflifsfsf ljz]iftf dtdtfGt/
atfpg, @=#=@ g]kfnLsf k|d'v eflifsfsf ljz]iftf
 g]kfnL efiffdf ;fdflhs e]b / o;sf @=#=# g]kfnL efiffdf ;fdflhs e]b / o;sf
ljz]iftf 7Dofpg, ljz]iftf
 g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs / ax'eflifs l:yltsf] @=#=$ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs / ax'eflifs l:ylt
cfsng ug{, @=#=% g]kfnL efiffsf] dfgsLs/0fdf
 g]kfnL efiffsf] dfgsLs/0fsf lbzfdf Jofs/0fsf] of]ubfg M
…rlGb|sfÚ Jofs/0fsf] of]ubfg  k|f/lDes k|of;
lgwf{/0f ug{,  …rlGb|sfÚ uf]/vfefiff Jofs/0f,
 ;dsfnLg g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf ljz]iftf o;sf] k|efj / k/Dk/f
cf}+Nofpg .  cfw'lgs Jofs/0f lgdf{0fsf] k[i7e"ld
/ pQ/jtL{ ljsf;
 ;dsfnLg g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf ljz]iftf
 j0f{;DaGwL ;fdfGo kl/ro lbg PsfO tLg M g]kfnL j0f{Joj:yfsf] cWoog
 j0f{lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/x¿ cf}+Nofpg -!*_
 g]kfnLj0f{Joj:yfsf] kl/ro lbg #=! j0f{kl/ro
 ;+:s[t / g]kfnLj0f{Joj:yfsf] t'ngf #=@ j0f{lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/
ug{ #=# g]kfnL j0f{Joj:yf
 cIf/sf] kl/ro lbO{ g]kfnL cIf/ ; #=$ ;+:s[t j0f{dfnf / g]kfnL j0f{Joj:yf
+/rgfsf] j0f{g ug{, #=% g]kfnL cIf/ ;+/rgfsf] l:ylt
 k|sfo{k/s cfwf/df g]kfnLefiffsf PsfO rf/ M g]kfnL zAbsf] ¿kfog /
gfldsju{, lqmofju{ / cJoo ju{sf] Jo'Tkfbg k|lqmofsf] cWoog
lrgf/L lb+b} e]bx¿ ;lxt gfd, ;j{gfd, -!@_
ljz]if0f, lqmof, lqmofof]uL, $=! g]kfnL zAbju{sf] k|sfo{k/s cWoog
gfdof]uL, ;+of]hs, lgkft, $=!=! gflds ju{, lqmof ju{, cJoo ju{ / ltgsf
lj:doflbaf]ws zAbju{sf] j0f{g ug{, e]b
 ljsf/L / cljsf/L zAbsf cfwf/df $=!=@ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmof,
g]kfnL zAbx¿sf] ¿kfog k|lqmofsf] lqmofof]uL, gfdof]uL, ;+of]hs, lgkft,
kl/ro lbg, $=!=# lj:doflbaf]ws / logsf e]bsf
 g]kfnL gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, $=@ g]kfnL zAbx¿sf] ¿kfog k|lqmofsf]
lqmofkbx¿sf] pbfx/0f ;lxt cWoog M ljsf/L / cljsf/L zAb
¿kfjnLsf] jofg ug{, $=@=! gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f / lqmofkbx¿sf]
 ;u{, ;df;, låTj / k|sL0f{ klqmofsf ¿kfjnL
cfwf/df g]kfnL Jo'Tkfbg k| $=# g]kfnL zAbJo'Tkfbg k|lqmofsf] cWoog
lqmofsf] ;f]bfx/0f j0f{g ug{ $=#=! ;u{ k|lqmof, ;df; k|lqmof, låTj k|
 g]kfnL zAblgdf{0fdf ;lGw k| lqmof
lqmofsf] l:ylt :ki6 kfg{ $=#=@ g]kfnL zAblgdf{0fdf ;lGw /

263
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
 ;f]bfx/0f ju{kl/jt{g ckl/jt{s tT;DaGwL l:ylt
Jo'Tkfbgsf] kl/ro lbg . $=#=# ju{kl/jt{s / ckl/jt{s Jo'Tkfbg
 g]kfnL efiffsf] lnË, jrg, k'?if PsfO kfFr M g]kfnL jfSotŒjx¿sf] cWoog
cfb/;DaGwL ;+ultsf] ;f]bfx/0f -!%_
kl/ro lbg, %=! ;Ëlt / kbqmd
 g]kfnLdf kfOg] kbqmd Joj:yfsf] %=!=! lnË, jrg, k'?if, cfb/;DaGwL ;Ëlt /
pbfx/0f k|:t't ug{, logsf ljz]iftf
 g]kfnL lqmofsf sfn, kIf, efj / %=@ g]kfnL lqmofsf sfn, kIf, efj / cs/0f, jfRo,
cs/0f, jfRo, k|]/0ffy{stfsf] k|]/0ffy{s
pbfx/0f;lxt kl/ro lbg, %=# sf/s / ljelQm
 g]kfnL Jofs/0fJoj:yfsf] lrgf/L %=#=! ljelQmx¿sf] ljleGg sfo{
lbO{ g]kfnL ljelQmx¿sf] ljljw %=#=@ ljelQmx¿df lto{sLs/0fsf] k|j[lQ /
sfo{sf] ;f]bfx/0f aofg ug{, o;sf ;Ldf
 g]kfnL ljelQmsf ;Gbe{df kfOg]
lto{sLs/0fsf] k|j[lQ / ;Ldf
lgwf{/0f ug{ .
 g]kfnL jfSosf 36sx¿sf] ;fdfGo PsfO 5 M jfSosf 36s, sfo{ / k|sf/ -!@_
kl/ro lbg, ^=! jfSosf 36sx¿
 kbfjnL 36ssf] kl/ro lbO{ To;sf] ; ^=!=! kbfjnLsf] kl/ro
+/rgf / k|sf/x¿ atfpg, ^=!=@ kbfjnLx¿sf ;+/rgf
 g]kfnL efiffsf jfSosf stf{, sd{, ^=!=# kbfjnLx¿sf k|sf/
k"/s, lqmofkb /lqmofof]lussf]o ^=@ jfSofTds sfo{
l:ylt :ki6 kfb{} ltgsf] jfSofTds ^=@=! jfSodf stf{ sd{, k"/s, lqmofkb /
sfo{ atfpg, lqmofof]lussf] l:ylt
 ;f]bfx/0f g]kfnL jfSo / pkjfSosf] ^=# jfSosf k|sf/
juL{s/0f ug{, ^=#=! ;/n, ;+o'Qm / ld> jfSox¿ 5'6\ofpg]
 g]kfnL efiffsf] ;Gbe{df c;dflksf cfwf/
pkjfSosf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ub{} ltgsf ^=#=@ pkjfSosf k|sf/ / logsf ljz]iftf
ljz]iftf atfpg, ^=#=# c;dflksf pkjfSosf] cjwf/0ff / logsf
 jrg, lnË, sfn, kIf, efj, jfRo, w'| ljz]iftf
jLotf, jfSo;+/rgf / k|]/0ffy{stfsf] ^=$ jfSofGt/0f / plQmkl/jt{g
cfwf/df g]kfnL jfSosf] jfSofGt/0f
ug{,
 plQmsf] kl/ro lbO{ g]kfnL jfSosf
cfwf/df plQm kl/jt{g ug{ .
$= lzIf0f k|ljlw M k|To]s PsfOdf cfjZostfcg';f/ ;fwf/0f / ljlzi6 lzIf0f k|ljlwsf]
pkof]u
ul/g] 5 .
$=! ;fwf/0f lzIf0fk|ljlw M

264
 PsfOsf] k|s[ltcg'¿k kf7\ok':ts, ;xfos k':ts, ;Gbe{ k':ts, kf7kq, tflnsf / cf/]vx¿sf]
cfwf/df JofVofg, k|Zgf]Q/ 5nkmn tyf k|:t'tLs/0f ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/g] 5 .
$=@ ljlzi6 lzIf0f k|ljlw M
o; kf7\of+zsf PsfO @, $, %, ^ df kf7\oljifosf] k|s[ltcg';f/ u[xsfo{, ;d"x sfo{,
cfjlws sfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{, uf]i7Lkq tof/ kfg{] tyf ljBfyL{af6 k|:t'tLs/0f ug{] ljlw
pkof]u ul/g] 5 .
%= d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof M lzIf0f l;sfOsf] cjlwdf kf7\oj:t'sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ lnlvt
k/LIff, ;d"xsfo{, df}lvs tyf lnlvt k|:t'ltaf6 d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; k|sf/sf] d"Nofª\sg
ljBfyl{x¿nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lbg dfq k|of]u ul/g] 5 . o; kf7\of+zsf] clGtd d"Nofª\sg
lq=lj= jflif{s k/LIff k|0ffnLcg';f/ lnlvt k/LIffåf/f ul/g]5 .
jflif{s k/LIffdf ;f]lwg] k|Zgsf] k|s[lt, k|Zg9fFrf / To;sf] cª\sef/ lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 –
k|Zgsf] k|s[lt hDdf k|Zg ;ª\Vof pQ/ lbg'kg{] k|Zg ;ª\Vof / k"0f
x/]s k|Zgsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] f{ª\s
cÍ
;d"x …sÚ M * k|Zg !×* cÍ *
ax'j}slNks k|
Zg
;d"x …vÚ M 5f]6f @ ljsNk;lxt % k| %×^ cÍ #)
pt/fTds k|Zg Zg
;d"x …uÚ M nfdf] ! k|Zg !@×! cÍ !@
pt/fTds
Kf|Zg

^= l;kmfl/; ul/Psf k':ts tyf ;Gbe{;fdu|Lx¿

l;kmfl/; ul/Psf kf7\ok':tsx¿
uf}td, b]jLk|;fb -@)$(_, g]kfnL efiff kl/ro, ;femf k|sfzg -PsfO !,$ / % sf nflu_ .
nD;fn, /fdrGb| -@)^@_, g]kfnL efiff / Jofs/0f, sf7df8f}+ M ;gnfO6 k|sfzg -PsfO #–
^ sf nflu_ .
zdf{, ;'s'd -@)%^_, g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf] P]ltxfl;s ;j{]If0f, sf7df8f}+ M jfª\do k|sfzg -PsfO
@ sf nflu_ .

;Gbe{;fdfu|Lx¿
clwsf/L, ;"o{dl0f -@)%^_, g]kfnL efiffsf] Oltxf;, sf7df8f}+ M e'F8L k|sfzg .
clwsf/L, x]dfÍ/fh -bf]=;+= @)%%_, ;d;fdlos g]kfnL Jofs/0f, sf7df8f}+ M
ljBfyL{ k':ts e08f/ .
p/, kL= -;g\ !(**_, u|fd/l6lrª PlS6le6L, SoflDa|h M ;Lo"kL .
cf]8lng, 6L -;g\ !(($_, k;{k]lS6e\;\ cg k]8fuf]lhs u|fd/, SoflDa|h M ;Lo"kL .
yg{a/L, P;= -;g\ !(((_ xfp 6' l6r u|fd/, nG8g M nªDofg .

265
kl08t, x]d/fh -@)%!_, rlGb|sf Jofs/0f, nlntk'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
kf]v/]n, afns[i0f -@)$)_, kRrL; jif{sf eflifs rrf{, sf7df8f}+ M g]=/f=k|=k|= .
____, -@)%)_, kf“r ;o jif{, nlntk'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
____, -@)%%_, v; hfltsf] Oltxf;, lj/f6gu/ M pbfQ cg';Gwfg, c8\8f .
kf]v/]n, dfwjk|;fb -@)%^_, g]kfnL jfSo Jofs/0f, sf7df8f}+ M Pstf a'S; .
k|wfg, dL/f -@)%^_, rlGb|sf Jofs/0fsf] efiffj}1flgs cWoog, sf7df8f}+ M x]d/fh
k'/:sf/ u'7L .
lau]6, Pd= / cGo -;g\ !(($_, u|fd/ PG8 Nofª\Uj]hl6r/, Go'of]s{ M k|]lG6; xn .
e§/fO{, 8L=kL= -@)^)_, g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf sf]l6x¿, sf7df8f}+ M ljBfyL{ k':ts e08f/ .
DofYo'h, kL=Pr= -;g\ !((^_, Uo|fDofl6sn Yof}/L, Og b o'gfO6]8 :6]6\; k|md
An'dlkmN8 6' rD:sL, SoflDa|h M SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; .
ofbj, of]u]Gb|k|;fb / cGo -@)%*_, efifflj1fg, sf7df8f}+ M Go' xL/f a'S; OG6/k|
fOh]h .
/]UdL, r"8fdl0f pkfWofo -@)$&_, g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ, nlntk'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
zdf{, df]xg/fh -@)%$_, zAb/rgf / j0f{ljGof;, jfSotTj / cleJolQm, sf7df8f}+ M gjLg
k|sfzg .
xfd{/, h]= -;g\ !(*&_, l6lrª PG8 nlg{ª u|fd/, nG8g M nª\Dofg .

266