Corruption in context of

India:
Quick hints and links
भष‍टाचार-भारतीय पिरपेक‍य मे
Version 1 (5th April 2011)

Dr. Dhirendra Devarshi

C-8, Prithvi Raj Road, Jaipur
डॉ धीरेन‍द देविषर,
सी-8, पृथ‍वीराज रोड जयपुर
Dhirendra Devarshi 1
 What is corruption:
Individual level
• lack of integrity or honesty (especially
susceptibility to bribery)
• (Integrity could be intellectual, financial or
moral).
• Abuse of public office for private gain.
• use of a position of trust for dishonest gain
• inducement (as of a public official) by
improper means (as bribery) to violate duty
(as by commiting a felony);

Dhirendra Devarshi 2
• Administrative Corruption:
– that alters the implementation of policies,
such as getting a license even if you don’t
qualify for it
• Political Corruption:
– that influences the formulation of laws,
regulations, and policies, such as revoking
all licenses, and gaining the sole right to
operate the beer or gas monopoly.

Dhirendra Devarshi 3
• Bribery: An offer of money or favours to influence
a public official.
• Nepotism: Favouritism shown by public officials to
relatives or close friends.
• Cronyism: Favouritism shown to old friends
without regard for their qualifications, as in political
appointments to office
• Fraud: Cheating the government through deceit.
• Embezzlement: Stealing money or other
government property.

Dhirendra Devarshi 4
What is corruption: Country
level
• The word corruption means the
destruction, ruining or the spoiling of a
society or a nation.
• A corrupt society stops valuing
integrity, virtue or moral principles.
• It changes for the worse.
• Such a society begins to decay and sets
itself on the road to self destruction.

Dhirendra Devarshi 5
Former President A P J Abdul
Kalam on corruption
• "A cancer-like situation is engulfing the
political-bureaucratic-judicial system,
which is harmful for growth. Certainly the
country needs chemotherapy at this
critical hour,"
• "Establishing a corruption-free India is a
major challenge. I propose a youth
brigade as the solution. 'I can do it. We
can do it. India will do it', should be the
spirit,"
Dhirendra Devarshi 6
 Cause of corruption
• Corruption is an age old phenomena.
• two main causes of corruption are-
– Selfishness and
– greed

Dhirendra Devarshi 7
Who indulges in corruption?
• Greedy & Selfish
• Those who are not self regulated, i.e. those
whose locus of control lies externally.
• Those who behave only when they fear that
someone is watching them. Such people tend to
break law when they feel that no one is
watching them. (In other words they will try to
have sex with their mothers and sisters if they
are sure that no one shall come to know.)

Dhirendra Devarshi 8
• "Freedom is actually a bigger game than
power. Power is about what you can control.
Freedom is about what you can unleash.“

- Harriet Rubin
• "Mastering others is strength. Mastering
yourself is true power.“

- Tao Te Ching

Dhirendra Devarshi 9
• http://www.ca
rtoonindia.co
m/

Dhirendra Devarshi 10
Corruption rating

Source- Wikipedia

Dhirendra Devarshi 11
 Most and least corrupt
countries
• Transparency International CPI 2010
– A Berlin-based NGO releases annual list of the most and
least corrupt countries in the world.
– The index is called- Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI).
– The scale ranks countries from 0 to 10 (0 being the most
corrupt, 10 being the least)
– Total 178 countries were studied in 2010
• Methodology
– Short
– Detailed
• CPI table with rank and other details

Dhirendra Devarshi 12
 CPIs of select countries (TI,
2010)
• Denmark 9.3 (Rank-1)
• Switzerland 8.7 (Rank-8)#
• UK 7.6 (Rank-20)
• USA 7.1 (Rank-22)
• India 3.3(Rank-87)
• Pakistan 2.3 (Rank-143)
• Somalia 1.1 (Rank-178, Last)
• # Is it not quite strange that a country like Switzerland whose
banks are facilitating corruption in other coutries is ranked at 8th
position!

Dhirendra Devarshi 13
• http://ww
w.cartoon
india.com
/

Dhirendra Devarshi 14
• "Nearly all men can stand
adversity, but if you want to
test a man’s character, give
him power.“

- Abraham Lincoln

Dhirendra Devarshi 15
• “Power tends to corrupt; absolute power
corrupts absolutely.”
- Lord Acton

• "Power attracts the corruptible. Absolute

power attracts the absolutely corruptible.“

- Frank Herbert

Dhirendra Devarshi 16
• "It has often been said that power corrupts. But
it is perhaps equally important to realize that
weakness, too, corrupts. Power corrupts the
few, while weakness corrupts the many. Hatred,
malice, rudeness, intolerance, and suspicion are
the faults of weakness. The resentment of the
weak does not spring from any injustice done to
them but from their sense of inadequacy and
impotence. We cannot win the weak by sharing
our wealth with them. They feel our generosity
as oppression.“

- Eric Hoffer

Dhirendra Devarshi 17
• "Power does not corrupt men;
fools, however, if they get into a
position of power, corrupt
power.“

- George Bernard Shaw

Dhirendra Devarshi 18
• Bright future awaits the honest.
Shady past haunts the corrupt

• Greedy eaters dig their graves with

their teeth.
A French Proverb

Dhirendra Devarshi 19
Satire on Corruption in
Indian Literature

Dhirendra Devarshi 20
 Harishankar Parsai
हिरशंकर परसाई

• सरकार कहती है िक हमने चूहे पकडने के िलये चूहेदािनया रखी

है.एकाध चूहेदानी की हमने भी जाच की. उसमे घुसने के छेद से
बडा छेद पीछे से िनकलने के िलये है. चूहा इधर फंसता है और
उधर से िनकल जाता है. िपंजडे बनाने वाले और चूहे पकडने वाले
चूहो से िमले है. वे इधर हमे िपंजडा िदखाते है और चूहे को छेद
िदखा देते है. हमारे माथे पर िसफर चूहेदानी का खचर चढ रहा है.

Dhirendra Devarshi 21
 Harishankar Parsai
हिरशंकर परसाई
• एक और बडे लोगो के कलब मे भाषण दे रहा था.मै देश की िगरती
हालत,मंहगाई ,गरीबी,बेकारी,भषाचारपर बोल रहा था और खूब बोल रहा
था.मै पूरी पीडा से,गहरे आकोश से बोल रहा था .पर जब मै जयादा मिमरक हो
जाता ,वे लोग तािलया पीटने लगते थे.मैने कहा हम बहुत पितत है,तो वे
लोग तािलया पीटने लगे.और मै समारोहो के बाद रात को घर लौटता हूं तो
सोचता रहता हूं िक िजस समाज के लोग शमर की बात पर हंसे,उसमे कया
कभी कोई किनतकारी हो सकता है?होगा शायद पर तभी होगा जब शमर की
बात पर ताली पीटने वाले हाथ कटेगे और हंसने वाले जबडे टूटेगे .

Dhirendra Devarshi 22
• “Corruption and hypocrisy
ought not to be inevitable
products of democracy, as
they undoubtedly are today” 

• Mahatma Gandhi

Dhirendra Devarshi 23
• भषाचार भारत के िलए कोई नयी बात नही है
और इसे केवल मौजूदा सरकार से जोडकर नही
देखा जा सकता है कयोिक िपछली सरकारो के
कायरकाल की जाच हो तो वहा भी वही बात
होगी....

– नोबेल पुरसकार सममािनत अथरशासती अमतयर सेन

Dhirendra Devarshi 24
• देश मे भषाचार के मुदे को बढा चढा कर पेश िकया जाता है
जबिक भारत मे सुधारो को बखूबी लागू िकया गया है.
• भषाचार कई देशो मे पाया जाता है. वही नाटक है. बस
िकरदार अलग होते है.
• भारत की समसया यह है िक यहा भषाचार के िलए िकसी को
सजा नही होती है जबिक अगर अमेिरका मे आप पकडे जाते हो
तो भगवान भी आपको नही बचा सकता.
• पोफेसर भगवती

Dhirendra Devarshi 25
• "देश की अथरवयवसथा भले ही बढ रही हो लेिकन हमारे
नैितक मूलय िगर रहे है. हमे ये नही भूलना चािहए िक
केवल बेहतर िवकास अपने आप मे हमारा लकय नही होना
चािहए. उससे जयादा जररी है िक हम कैसा समाज
बनाना चाहते है और कैसे मूलय उसमे डालना चाहते है.“
• सोिनया गाधी

Dhirendra Devarshi 26
• ‘हम इसिलये अब तक िजंदा है कयोिक हमे मारने के िलये
िकसी के पास फुसरत नही है।’
• शरद जोशी

पढे - जीप पर सवार इिललया

Dhirendra Devarshi 27
 भष‍टाचार
• राशन की दुकान पर, देख भयंकर भीर
‘कयू’ मे धका मारकर, पहुँच गये बलवीर
पहुँच गये बलवीर, ले िलया नंबर पिहला
खडे रह गये िनबरल, बूढे, बचचे, मिहला
कहँ ‘काका' किव, करके बंद धरम का काटा
लाला बोले - भागो, खतम हो गया आटा
– Kaka Hathrasi

Dhirendra Devarshi 28
• िबना िटकट के टेन मे चले पुत बलवीर
जहा ‘मूड’ आया वही, खीच लई जंजीर
खीच लई जंजीर, बने गुंडो के नकू
पकडे टी. टी. गाडर, उनहे िदखलाते चकू
गुंडागदी, भषाचार बढा िदन-दूना
पजातंत की सवतंतता का देख नमूना

Dhirendra Devarshi 29
 ‍ ‍ कककक ‍ कककककक
‍
Kaka Hathrasi

• कभी घूस खाई नही, िकया न भषाचार

ऐसे भोदू जीव को बार-बार िधकार
बार-बार िधकार, वयथर है वह वयापारी
माल तोलते समय न िजसने डंडी मारी
कहँ 'काका', कया नाम पायेगा ऐसा बंदा
िजसने िकसी संसथा का, न पचाया चंदा

Dhirendra Devarshi 30
 Kaka Hathrasi कककक कककककक
• मन मैला तन ऊजरा भाषण लचछेदार • खडे टेन मे चल रहे कका धका खायँ
ऊपर सतयाचार है भीतर भषाचार दस रपये की भेट मे थी टीयर िमल जाएँ
झूठो के घर पंिडत बाचे कथा सतय भगवान की हर सटेशन पर पूजा हो शी टीटीई भगवान की
जय बोलो बेईमान की! लोकतंत के पेड पर कौआ करे िकलोल जय बोलो बेईमान की!
टेप-िरकाडरर मे भरे चमगादड के बोल
• बेकारी औ भुखमरी महँगाई घनघोर
िनतय नयी योजना बनती जन-जन के कलयान की
िघसे-िपटे ये शबद है बनद कीिजए शोर
जय बोलो बेईमान की!
अभी जररत है जनता के तयाग और बिलदान की
• महँगाई ने कर िदए राशन – कारड फेल
जय बोलो बेईमान की!
पंख लगाकर उड गए चीनी-िमटी-तेल
कयू मे धका मार िकवाडे बंद हुई दक
ू ान की • िमल मािलक से िमल गए नेता नमक हलाल
जय बोलो बेईमान की! मंत पढ िदया कान मे खतम हुई हडताल
• डाक-तार-संचार का पगित कर रहा काम पत-पुषप से पािकट भर दी शिमको के शैतान की
कछुआ की गित चल रहे लैटर-टेलीगाम जय बोलो बेईमान की!
धीरे काम करो तब होगी उनित िहनदुसतान की • नयाय और अनयाय का नोट करो िडफरेस
जय बोलो बेईमान की! िजसकी लाठी बलवती हाक ले गया भैस
• चैक कैश कर बैक से लाया ठेकेदार िनबरल धके खाएँ तूती बोल रही बलवान की
कल बनाया पुल नया, आज पडी दरार जय बोलो बेईमान की!
झाकी-वाकी कर को काकी फाइव ईयर पलान की • पर-उपकारी भावना पेशकार से सीख
जय बोलो बेईमान की! बीस रपे के नोट मे बदल गई तारीख
• वेतन लेने को खडे पोफेसर जगदीश खाल िखच रही नयायालय मे, सतय-धमर-ईमान की
छ:-सौ पर दसतखत िकए िमले चार-सौ-बीस जय बोलो बेईमान की!
मन ही मन कर रहे कलपना शेष रकम के दान की • नेताजी की कार से कुचल गया मजदरू
जय बोलो बेईमान की!
बीच सडक पर मर गया हुई गरीबी दरू
गाडी ले गए भगाकर जय हो कृपािनधान की
जय बोलो बेईमान की!   

Dhirendra Devarshi 31
• “The more corrupt the state,
the more laws.”

–  Publius Cornelius Tacitus (56-

117 AD)

Dhirendra Devarshi 32
 Acts and rules to fight
corruption
• Prevention of Corruption Act,
1988
• Prevention of Money Laundering Act
• RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT,
2005

Dhirendra Devarshi 33
 Lokpal Bill (Ombudsman
Bill)
• Government of India Lokpal Bill
– The Government of India has drafted a
Lokpal Bill. However, critics and NGO has
strongly objected to this bill.
• Jan Lokpal Bill
– A Bill drafted by NGOs, experts and activists.
• Deficiencies in Govt Lokpal Bill according to ‘
’
• Advantages of civil society’s Bill

Dhirendra Devarshi 34
 Bodies to fight corruption
• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
• Chief Information Commission (CIC)
• Central Bureau of Investigation
(CBI)
• Office of the Comptroller and
Auditor General (C & AG)

Dhirendra Devarshi 35
 International efforts to fight
corruption
• United Nations Convention against Corruption
• Anti-Bribery Convention came into force in 1999.
• Thirty-eight countries are parties to the 
OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and have adopted the
2009 Anti-Bribery Recommendation. Complying with the
Convention requires unwavering support from the OECD and its
Working Group on Bribery. Country monitoring and extensive
follow-up help to ensure that these countries win the fight against
bribery.

Dhirendra Devarshi 36
 Civil Society Initiatives
• India Against Corruption
• Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
(MKSS)
• Transparency International India
• Centre for Media Studies (CMS)
• Parivartan

Dhirendra Devarshi 37
 Public figures against
corruption
• Anna Hazare ‍ ककककककक
‍ (1938- )
• Kiran Bedi कककक कककक
• Arvind Kejriwal (कककककक‍‍ क कककककककक)
• Prashant Bhushan पशान‍त भूषण
• Arnab Goswami अरनब गोस‍वामी
• Baba Ramdev बाबा रामदेव
• Santosh Hegde सन‍तोष हेगडे

Dhirendra Devarshi 38
• DGCA will now test the flying skills of pilots
before granting licences
• http://www.timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/just-like-
Dhirendra Devarshi
that/219089/directorate-general-of-civil-aviati.html 39
 Indicators, Indices etc
• World Bank Governance Indicators
• Global Integrity Index
• Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
• Bertelsmann Transformation Index
• Bribe Payers Index

Dhirendra Devarshi 40
 On the Y-axis, the number of points is shown, while the X-axis shows the
respective rank. India scores 513 points for Governance Index, or rank 105 among
all 211 countries, which is considered "average". (Source-
http://esl.jrc.it/dc/govwbi08/gov_fvb.htm)
Dhirendra Devarshi 41
 Persons who laid their lives
fighting corruption in India

Satyendra Kumar Dubey

Shanmugam Manjunath Yashwant Sonawane
शन‍मुखं मंजुनाथ यशवंत सोनवणे
सतयेनद दूबे
(1978 - 2005) (19?? - 2011)
(1973 - 2003)

Dhirendra Devarshi 42
What an ordinary individual
can do
• Be vigilant about –
– Rights of a citizen
– Protest against indiscrimination, favoratism,
• Do not indulge yourself in corruption.
• Take an oath that -
– Name dropping for not paying fines for any
offence
– Jumping the queue
– You will not

Dhirendra Devarshi 43
I do not want to lay my life but yet
want to fight corruption
Do not –
– vote corrupt politicians.
– show respect for a corrupt official, politician, journalist
etc.
– be friendly with a corrupt person
– invite a corrupt person for any official or family function.
– attend functions organized by corrupt persons.
– attend functions organized to felicitate or honour corrupt
persons.
– attend election meetings of corrupt politicians
– be ignorant about anti-corruption laws.
– vote parties whose election manifesto is silent about
issue of corruption.

Dhirendra Devarshi 44
 A step ahead
• Build public opinion against corruption
and corrupt person.
• Boycott corrupt persons.
• If you have any firm information about
corrupt persons pass it on to persons
with integrity and willingness to act
against corruption (media persons,
activists, whistleblowers, NGO)

Dhirendra Devarshi 45
 I can go to any extent
• File a police case.
• Complain higher officials.
• Seek remedy from Honourable court
• Organize press conference of public meetings to expose
corrupt bureaucrats, politicians etc.
• Organize rallies or protests.
• Write articles to create awakening and to expose
corruption.

Dhirendra Devarshi 46
• Citizen's guide to fighting corruption
• http://cvc.nic.in/cfciguide.pdf
• CITIZENS' GUIDE TO FIGHT
CORRUPTION - Airports Authority
of India

Dhirendra Devarshi 47
 References
• Youth for Good Governance :
Distance Learning programme - Module III
Introduction to Corruption. World Bank
• What is corruption
http://www.thegeminigeek.com/what-is-corrup
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_India
• http://www.cartoonindia.com/
• http://www.manjul.com/

Dhirendra Devarshi 48
 Check the following as well
• http://www.voices-against-corruption.org/
• I Paid Bribe : http://www.ipaidabribe.com/
• http://www.jaagore.com/
• http://www.transparency.org/
• Corrupt Cities:
A Practical Guide to Cure and Prevention Robert
Klitgaard Ronald MacLean-Abaroa H. Lindsey
Parris
• Gonzalez_2000_Reducing_Corruption WorldBank_
• National Anti-Corruption Strategy (Draft)

Dhirendra Devarshi 49
 Books on corruption
• Kohli, Suresh (1975). Corruption in India: The Growing
Evil.
• Dwivedy, Surendranath; Bhargava, G. S. (1967). Political
Corruption in India .
• Gupta, K. N. (2001). Corruption in India. Anmol
Publications Pvt Ltd.
• Halayya, M. (1985). Corruption in India. Affiliated East-
West Press .
• Guhan, Sanjivi; Paul, Samuel (1997). Corruption in India:
Agenda for Action. Vision Books .
• Vittal, N. (2003). Corruption in India: The Roadblock to
National Prosperity. Academic Foundation.
ISBN 8171882870 . Excepts
• V. Raghunathan () The Corruption Conundrum And Other
Paradoxes And Dilemmas
• Godfrey Harris () Corruption (How To Deal With Its Impact
On Business And Society)
• Dr. Sunil Sondhi () Corruption : The Asian Experience
• Dr. Sunil Sondhi () Corruption And Corporate
Goveranance In India
• C P Srivastava () Corruption: India's Enemy Within
• Dr A Ranga Reddy () Dimensions Of Crime And Corruption
In India
• Debashis Basu, Sucheta Dalal (1993) The Scam: Who Won, who
Lost, who Got Away South Asia Books

Dhirendra Devarshi 50
• Veena Kapur, A. S. Kapur Constitutional Provisions Exploited For Corruption In India
• R. K. Laxman Common Man Tackles Corruption
• Anuradha K Rajivan Perspectives On Corruption And Human Development (2 vols)
• J. R. Vij Crime And Corruption In India
• Ganguly Tk A Discourse On Corruption In India
• Sten Widmalm Decentralisation, Corruption And Social Capital : From India To The West
• Vinod Pavarala Interpreting Corruption: Elite Perspectives In India
• R. K. Gupta Corruption In India
• S Guhan Corruption In India: Agenda For Action
• S S Gill The Pathology Of Corruption
• Upendra Thakur Corruption In Ancient India
• Mira Fels Corruption In India - Ramifications And Remedies
• Making Sense Of Corruption In India: An Investigation Into The Logic Of Bribery
• Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John Mcbrewster
• Kala Kaccha Gang Crime In India: Women In India, Dowry, Dowry Law In India, Sex-
Selective Abortion, Corruption In India, Indian Mafia, Mafia Raj,
• N K Singh The Politics Of Crime And Corruption: A Former CBI Officer Speaks
• The Movement For Right To Information In India: Peoples Power For The Control Of
Corruption
• S. K. Das Public Office, Private Interest: Bureaucracy And Corruption In India
• Chandan Mitra The Corrupt Society

Dhirendra Devarshi 51
 Corruption in India: the roadblock to national
prosperity
 By N. Vittal
• Corruption in system or society depends on three factors. The first is
individual’s sense of values, the second is the set of social values
which are accepted by society as a whole and third, the system of
governance or administration.
• Unfortunately, the impact of corruption is so all-pervasive that
perhaps the nation has become benumbed to the adverse impact of
corruption.
• .. discussion about corruption, many a time, resembled discussions
like what Mark Twain has said about weather: “everybody talks about
it but nobody seems to be able to do anything about it”
• Corruption is anti-national, anti-economic development and anti-poor.
• India is a snake whose head is in 21st century and whose tail is in 17th
century.

Dhirendra Devarshi 52
• So far as Indian politics is concerned the voter knows that
our entire political system is based on corruption.
• The voter considers that all parties are corrupt. The only
difference is may be that some are more corrupt than
others and some have been found out and exposed and
others have not yet been exposed.
• With 6 percent as the conviction rate in our criminal courts,
corruption is low risk, high profit business.
• 10 public sectors account for large no. of bribery and
employ two-third of public servants.
• The war against corruption is mother of all wars.

Dhirendra Devarshi 53
For comments, criticism, suggestions and invitations mail to-
[email protected]

THANKS

Dhirendra Devarshi 54