Bisection Method
Bisection Method
Bisection Method
x xu
xm =
2 x
x
xu
Step 3
Now check the following
f(x)
x new x old
m
a m
new
100
x m
Check if absolute
relative approximate
error is less
than pre-specified Yes Stop
tolerance or if
maximum number
of iterations is
reached. Using the new
No
upper and lower
guesses from Step
3, go to Step 2.
Example
• You are working for ‘DOWN THE TOILET COMPANY’ that
makes floats for ABC commodes. The ball has a specific
gravity of 0.6 and has a radius of 5.5 cm. You are asked to
find the distance to which the ball will get submerged when
floating in water.
Solution
The equation that gives the depth ‘x’ to which the ball is
submerged under water is given by
f x x 3-0.165 x 2+3.993x10 - 4
Use the Bisection method of finding
roots of equations to find the depth
‘x’ to which the ball is submerged
under water. Conduct three
iterations to estimate the root of
the above equation.
Graph of function f(x)
f x x -0.165 x +3.993x10
3 2 -4
Checking if the bracket is valid
Choose the bracket
x 0.00
xu 0.11
f 0.0 3.993x10 4
f 0.11 2.662x10 4
Iteration #1
x 0, xu 0.11
0 0.11
xm 0.055
2
f 0 3.993x10 4
f 0.11 2.662x10 4
f 0.055 6.655x10 5
x 0.055
xu 0.11
Iteration #2
x 0.055, xu 0.11
0.055 0.11
xm 0.0825
2
a 33.33%
f 0.055 6.655x10 5
f 0.11 2.662 x10 4
f 0.0825 1.62216 x10 4
x 0.055, xu 0.0825
Iteration #3
x 0.055, xu 0.0825
0.055 0.0825
xm 0.06875
2
a 20%
f 0.055 6.655x10 5
f 0.0825 1.62216 x10 4
f 0.06875 5.5632 x10 5
Convergence
Table 1: Root of f(x)=0 as function of number of iterations for bisection method.
Iteration x xu xm a % f(xm)
Disadvatanges:
• Slow convergence
• If one of the initial guesses is close to the root, the
convergence is slower
Drawbacks (continued)
• If a function f(x) is such that it just touches the x-axis it will be
unable to find the lower and upper guesses.
f x x2
Drawbacks (continued)
Function changes sign but root does not exist
1
f x
x